考研考博-英语-南昌大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Fortunetellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

问题1选项

A.philosophical

B.literal

C.ambiguous

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。philosophical意为“哲学上的”；literal意为“字面的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；invalid意为“无效的”。

句意：算命先生擅长发表诸如“你的悲伤会改变”这样的模糊的陈述。

2.单选题

Wearenot（

）tovetoourownproposals.

问题1选项

A.likely

B.possible

C.probable

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项likely“很可能的（可能性比较强）”，其主语可以是人；B选项possible“可能的，合理的”，主语一般为it；C选项probable“很可能的；可信的”，一般是这样用的：itisprobablethat；D选项potential“潜在的，可能的”，一般为：itispotentialtodosth.。句意：我们不可能否定我们自己的提议。句子主语是We，根据题干可知likely符合句意。

3.单选题

TheartsandCraftmovementintheUnitedStatesareresponsiblefor（）changeinattitudestowardthedecorativearts,thenconsideredtheminororhouseholdarts.

问题1选项

A.smashing

B.sleeping

C.sweeping

D.switching

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。smashing“极好的，猛烈的”；sleeping“睡着的”；sweeping“影响广泛的，规模大的”；switching“开关，动词的-ing形式”。句意：美国的艺术和工艺运动使人们对装饰艺术的态度发生了翻天覆地的变化，它考虑到低层次的艺术或家庭艺术。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials（文凭）thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.’’

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure（终身任期），promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoallpeople”（Line1，Para.1）itaimsto_______.

2.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”（Lines4-5,Pare.1）theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas_______.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.

4.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause____.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor______.

问题1选项

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneously

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

问题2选项

A.ignorestheactualsituation

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

问题3选项

A.anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycolleges

B.studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

问题4选项

A.mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard

D.theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

问题5选项

A.puttingacademicworkinthepropercontext

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理题。根据文章第一段第四句，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”,可知问题是给学生们提供了太多的学术领域，也就是太多的专业课程可以选择。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.”，这种教育涉及了很多专业领域，但是没有内容，技能没有变成方法，而是成为一种目的，所以这种教育的角度是错误的。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“…theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”，可知美国大学当前面临危机的原因是越来越迎合狭隘的事业心，没有培养学生的全球视野。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“…yetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，可知他们认为研究和出版是最重要的事。选项D符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第一段，“…Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.”，可知教学生们基本知识，产生跨学科联系，并且将知识应用于学校之外的生活是他们承诺努力的方面。根据第二段第一句，“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，可知高素质的教师和好的教学也是他们关注的方面。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Theymanagedto（）thesoundonTVeverytimetheallegedvictim'snamewasspoken.

问题1选项

A.deaden

B.deprive

C.punctuate

D.rebuff

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deaden“使减弱，隔阻”；deprive“剥夺，使丧失”；punctuate“加标点于”；rebuff“回绝”。句意：每次说到受害者名字时，他们设法把电视机声音调小。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

问题2选项

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

问题3选项

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

问题4选项

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人类感知的目的是使世界变得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意义的归属是行动的前提和准备。”可知C项“如果世界没有提前被赋予具体意义，那么对于世界的任何反应都是不可能的”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.这是解释者根据过去的经验和普遍的动机而得出的结论。因此，意义的归属始终是一个创造性的过程，通过这个过程，原始的感觉被转化为符合观察者的目标。”答案B

第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每个观察者从不同的角度来看待每一个对象和信息。每个人都会注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D项正确，答案D

第4题:主旨大意题。文章第一段就提到，世界必须被赋予具体的意义。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人们看待事物的视角和观点不同，那么赋予事物的含义也会不同。”可知整篇文章作者的写作目的是表明事物的含义都是人赋予的，是主观的东西。答案B

7.单选题

6.

问题1选项

A.Hehurthisuncle.

B.Hehurthisankle.

C.Hehasaswollentoe.

D.Heneedsaminorsurgery.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Whereisyourinjury?

M:Here,myankle.

W:Howdidithappen?

M:Itrippedoveronthepavementandtwistedit.Itwasswollenandverypainful.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Here,myankle，即他伤到了脚踝。

8.单选题

Youshouldknowbetterthan（

）yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.

问题1选项

A.toleave

B.leaving

C.tohaveleft

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你应该很清楚不应该把你妹妹一个人留在家里。

固定搭配。knowbetterthantodosth.很清楚不应该做……。

9.单选题

Hedisplayedacompletelackofcourtesyandtactindealingwithhisemployer.

问题1选项

A.tenacity

B.curiosity

C.civility

D.hostility

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tenacity“固执”；B选项curiosity“好奇”；C选项civility“礼貌”；D选项hostility“敌意”。句意：他与老板打交道时，他的言行完全缺乏礼貌，一点都不机智圆滑。C选项civility“礼貌”符合与老板交流的场景，和courtesy“礼貌”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（诊断）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.

Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（

）.

2.Muchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

（

）.

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

（

）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（

）.

问题1选项

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersofjournalism

B.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceinjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

问题2选项

A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention

C.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

问题3选项

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

问题4选项

A.anewsarticle

B.aresearchreport

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.apreface

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由第一段“Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.正如我们所知，在新闻业和其他领域一样，我们可以从专业实践的系统研究中学到很多东西。这样的研究收集了一些证据，从中可以发展出广泛而普遍的原则。”可知第一段主要说明应该将重点放在专业实践的研究上。答案B

第2题:细节事实题。由第二段中“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.遗憾的是，关于采访的大量文献很少关注新闻采访”可知C项“新闻采访作为一个特殊的领域被忽视了”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由最后一段中“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.然而，实际上很少有人已当面被大众媒体，特别是被电视采访”。可知D项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由最后一句asthisbookindicates可知文章有可能是一本书的序言。答案D

11.单选题

Packagesaresowidespreadthattheyslip________consciousnotice.

问题1选项

A.below

B.before

C.beneath

D.beyond

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.below在……下面B.before在……之前

C.beneath低于，次于D.beyond超过，超越

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】本句的主干部分是“包装很普遍（Packagesarewidespread）”，sothat引导了一个结果状语从句，表示包装如此普遍导致的结果是什么。既然是很普遍、常见的包装，那么人们就不会注意到它。beneathnotice是固定搭配，意为“不值得注意，无足轻重”，因此C选项beneath“低于，次于”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项below“在……下面”指低于某事物的水平或地位，B选项before“在……之前”指处于某事物前面的位置，D选项beyond“超过，超越”指对某事物来说太远或太超前，均不能构成相应的固定搭配。

【句意】包装是如此普遍，以至于它们不会被人们所注意。

12.单选题

The（

）windinthisareaisfromthenortheast.

问题1选项

A.prevailing

B.controlling

C.reigning

D.persisting

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项prevailing“盛行的，流行的”；B选项controlling“控制欲强的”；C选项reigning“统治的”；D选项persisting“坚持”。句意：这个地区盛行的风来自东北方向。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Nutritionalstatusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowandlessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfrombeinglaughedatandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children’sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorlynourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalanceofthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringearlychildhoodarelesslikelytobechangedbyimproveddietaryintakelater.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut______.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby______.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

5.Theword“withdrawn”inLine3ofPara1means______.

问题1选项

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

问题2选项

A.Children’sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltotheirpoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdisease.

D.Thecycleindicatesthatillnesscanturnthepoornutritionalconditionfortheworse.

问题3选项

A.adeprivedenvironment

B.unwisefoodselections

C.undernutrition

D.alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.overnutritionisevenharmfulthanundernutrition

B.malnutritionhasseriouseffectsonchild’sphysicaldevelopment

C.thenutritionalconditionofayoungchilddeservesmoreconcernthanthatofanadult

D.thenutrientsintakecanbeimprovedasthechildgrowsup

问题5选项

A.isolated

B.reserve

C.selfish

D.stubborn

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“Well-nourished”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.（营养良好的儿童更警觉、更专心，更能从体育活动和学习经验中受益。），所以A选项“在学习时专心致志”，C选项“从体育活动中受益”，D选项“行为端正”均符合营养良好儿童的特点，排除A，C，D。B选项“在课堂上过于活跃”，由第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（营养不良的孩子可能会安静、孤僻，或者在课堂活动中过于活跃。）可知，这是营养不良孩子的特点，因此本题选B。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由A选项关键词“resistancetoillness”可以定位到文章第二段第五句Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.（因此，营养不良造成了疾病的循环，营养状况越差，抗病能力越低。），说明营养状况越差的儿童，对疾病的抵抗力也越低。因此A选项“儿童对疾病的抵抗力与其不良的营养状况成正比”与原文的表述不符，本题选A。B选项“营养好的人生病后往往恢复得很快”，C选项“营养不良的人最容易成为传染病的受害者”，D选项“循环表明，疾病会使营养不良的状况恶化”均与原文的意思相符，所以排除B，C，D。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections…Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.（营养不良对许多儿童来说是一个严重的问题，但它并不总是与贫穷或恶劣的环境有关。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因为不明智的食物选择而营养不良……营养不良可能是营养不足或营养过剩的结果。），说明营养不良的原因有恶劣的环境、不明智的食物选择、营养不足、营养过剩。A选项“恶劣的环境”，B选项“不明智的食物选择”，C选项“营养不足”都是导致营养不良的原因之一，所以D选项“以上都是”正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章介绍了儿童营养不良造成的危害和导致儿童营养不良的原因，但是C选项所说“儿童的营养状况比成人的营养状况更值得关注”无法从本文得出，本文并未对比两种状况哪一种更值得关注，C选项首先可排除。A选项“营养过剩比营养不足更有害”，由原文第三段最后一句“Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition”可知，营养过剩和营养不足都是造成营养不良的原因，它们同样有严重的危害，所以A错误。D选项“随着孩子的成长，营养素的摄入量可以得到改善”，由原文可知，早期儿童营养缺乏对身体发育的影响不太可能因以后改善饮食摄入而改变，所以D错误。B选项“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”，由原文最后一段可知，Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment“在生长和发育的早期阶段，充分摄取所有必需营养素是最重要的”，也就是要保证发育期的营养摄入，可反推出“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”，因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“withdrawn”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（营养不良的孩子可能会安静、孤僻，或者在课堂活动中过于活跃。），说明“withdrawn”在文中是形容儿童的性格，意思应该是和“安静”对应的“孤僻的、沉默寡言的”。因此A选项isolated“孤独的”正确。B选项reserve“储备”，C选项“自私的”，D选项“顽固的”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

14.单选题

Onceuponatime,theemblematicjazzsingerwasanAfrican-Americanwoman,serenadingasmoke-filledroom.ThinkBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.BorninRussia,shefledwithherfamilytoIsraelattheageof7,thensettledinCanadaat16.NowshesellsouttheBlueNotejazzclubinTokyo.Herrootsandherreachareglobal.Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.

YetMilmanandotherslikeherareredefiningjazzbydrawingontheAmericansongbook.InhisbookTheJazzSingers,ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.Milman—who’sfluentinFrench,English,Russian,andHebrew—singsColePorter’s“LoveforSale”inaclear,valiantaltothatboomsdownlowandreacheseffortlesslyuphigh.ElisabethKontomanou,whoisGreekandGuinean,insistsonknowingtheAfrican-Americanrootsofthemusicsheplays.“Jazzisinnovation,butwithallthecultureandtheunderstandingofwhathasalreadybeendone,”shesays.“Ifyoudon’tlookatthat,yougetatasteless,odorless,andcolorlessmusic.”OnherlastCD,Brewin’theBlues,shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”

Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.VirginieTeychenecomesfromthesouthofFrancebutlearnedEnglishwithherfather,whousedtoshowAmericanMarinestheFrenchwayoflife.“Frenchdoesn’tlenditselftojazz,”shesays.“Wordscanoftenfallflat,asitishardtosinginFrenchonrhythm.”Teychene,whowasnameda“newrevelation”atFrance’sJuan-les-Pinsjazzfestivallastyear,coverssongslike“TakeATrain”inherpure,lowvoice.BornandraisedinTurin,theItalianchanteuseRobertaGambarinirecordedSwedishfolksongsearlyinhercareerbuthaslatelyturnedtotheromanticeraofAmericanjazz.Hernewrecord,“SoinLove”,revolvesaroundsweetrenditionsoftuneslike“ThatOldBlackMagic”—asongSarahVaughanmadefamousinthe40s.“ThebulkofgoodsongsthatallowyoutoimprovisehappentolargelybepartoftheGreatAmericanSongbook,”shesays.

That’snottosaythatthesevocalistsaren’tpushingboundaries.EsperanzaSpalding,whowasborntoaWelsh-Hispanic-NativeAmericanmotherandablackfatherandraisedintheStates,singsinEnglish,Spanish,andPortuguese.Whenrecordingthe1930sstandard“BodyandSoul”,sherenamedit“CuerpoyAlma”,andpulledoffafierySpanishrendition.“Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.”shesays.

Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.“Ilikewhenpeoplecometoseemeattheendofaconcert,surprisedthatthisisactuallyjazzandthattheycanenjoyitwithoutreallyknowingtheculture,”saysTeychene.Yetifaskedwherethewindingroadoffamestarts,thesesingersgiveatraditionalanswer.“IfyoulivedeepintheheartofChinaandyouwanttobeajazzmusician,youstillhavetogotoNewYorkorNewOrleansandplayjazz,”saysKontomanou.Thenyoumovetoanothercountryandshareitwiththeworld.

21.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSophieMilman?

22.Whatdothenewjazzsingershaveincommon?

23.ItcanbeinferredthatScottYanow’sattitudetowardsthenewjazzsingersis________.

24.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatthosenewjazzsingersare“pushingboundaries”(Paragraph4)?

25.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thosepopularnewjazzsingersattributetheirsuccessto________.

问题1选项

A.Shehasmulticulturalbackgrounds.

B.Sheisanemblematicjazzsinger.

C.ShelovesthemusicofBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.

D.Shecreatesthenewjazzsinger.

问题2选项

A.TheyallcomefromEurope.

B.Theyresemblethepioneersofjazzmusicinlooksandlanguage.

C.Theyallbringsomethingnewtojazzmusic.

D.Theydon’tlikesinginlanguagesotherthanEnglish.

问题3选项

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.negative

问题4选项

A.Theysometimesdon’tsticktothetraditionalrenderingofjazzmusic.

B.Theydonotalwa