2018东城高三二模英语试题及答案

北京市东城区2017—2018学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二）英语本试卷共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。—It'sluckyofyoutogetyournewjob!—Afriendtoldmeaboutit,soIandgotit.A.applyB.haveappliedC.appliedD.wasapplyingIcanclearlyrememberthefirsttimeImetMs.Lee,it'sover10yearsago.A.unlessB.sinceC.afterD.althoughTheywillflytoLondon,theyplantostayfortwoorthreeweeks.

A.whichB.thatC.whenA.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereDogshaveafarwiderhearingrangethanhumans,themabletodetectsoundsfaraboveahuman'shearinglimit.A.makingB.madeC.havingmadeD.tobemade—WhendoyouwanttovisitMr.Smithwithme—Wheneveryoutime.A.haveB.willhaveC.havehadD.hadConsideredpoisonousformanyyearsinEurope,tomatoesfordecorationonly.A.growB.aregrownC.grewD.weregrownThesnowstormhaslastedforseveraldaysitisfreezingcoldnow.A.forB.andC.butD.orA.forB.andC.butD.or8.InABriefHistoryofTime,StephenHawkingwrotenon-technicaltermsabouttheoriginanddevelopmentoftheuniverse.A.fromB.byC.inD.with9.Itisalmostimpossibleforplanesinsuchaheavyfog.A.takeoffB.totakeoffC.tohavetakenoffD.havingtakenoff10.AccordingtothePublicLibrary'sregulations,eachreaderborrowatmostfivebooksatatime.A.shouldB.mustC.mayD.would11.ThebookcoverstheknowledgeIwishIfiveyearsago.A.knewB.hadknownC.wouldknowD.wouldhaveknownThenewthemepark,lastyear,hasreceived27millionvisitorssofar.A.openB.openedC.beingopenedDtoopenItisgenerallybelievedmoderntechnologyandmassmediaarehelpingtobreaktraditionalculturalboundaries.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.howJimstartedtoplaytheguitarattheageof12whenhisunclegavetohimasapresent.A.thisB.oneC.itD.thatTheabilitytomakeandusetoolsisoneofthemostbasiccharacteristicsofitmeanstobehuman.A.whetherB.howC.whatD.when第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。KateMeyerandAdamJankowskihadjustreturnedtothe.afterhoneymooninginAfricaandwerewaitingouta10-hourconnectingtimeatWashington-DullesbeforetheychangedtheplanetotheirhomeinSouthCarolina.Ithadbeenadream16.Alongwiththeirmemories,theyalsobroughtbackabeautiful,one-of-a-kind17ofthreeAfricanwilddogscreatedbyalocalartisttheyhadmetatVictoriaFalls.Forsafekeeping,theyrolledtheartworkinatubeandhand-carrieditontheir18.UponarrivingatDulles19a28-hourjourney,KateandAdamfreshenedupandbeganlookingforwaysto20themselvesduringtheirlongconnectingtime.Oneoftheairportcustomerservicerepresentatives21thattheyshouldgointoWashington,D.C.,andvisittheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum,anideatowhichtheyreadily22.Afterspendingafewhoursatthe23,theygotonacitybusandreturnedtotheairportbeforeboardingtime.ItwasthenKatenoticedthatAdamwasn't24thetubewiththepainting.Beforetheygotoff,sheaskedAdamwherethepaintingwas,andatthatmoment,shewatchedhisheart25.ThelasttimeAdamhadseenitwaswhenheleaneditagainstthechargingstationintheterminalwhentheyfirstarrived.Tryingnotto26,KatecheckedwiththeairportLostandFound,andAdamranbackto27he'dlasthadthepainting,butitwas28.Runningshortonoptionsand29,theygrewmoreupset.Finallytheywenttotheairportcustomerservicecounter,wheretheymetBellaBeyene-Seboka.Whathappenednext30KateandAdamsomuch.Positiveand31,Bellasaidshewasn'twillingtogiveupandwoulddo

everythingshecouldtofindthepainting.Bellaknewthatmanytimesmisplaceditemsgetturnedinatgatepodiums（登机口检票台）.Thethreeofthem32thegatepodiums.Thefirstpodiumturnedupempty,butatthesecondone,theyfoundthetubewiththepainting,safeandsound.Theywereallso33.Thecouplewereintears,huggingBellaandthankingher.Bellasaidshe34lovedknowingshe'dhelpedpeople,andthatwaswhyshedidn'tgiveup.ThepaintingnowhangsinKateandAdam'shomeasadaily20.A.entertainB.adaptC.prepare20.A.entertainB.adaptC.preparereminderofnotonlyunbelievable35anunbelievableshowntothemthattrip,butofthedaybyBella.16.A.planB.tripC.giftD.job17.A.paintingB.articleC.photoD.card18.A.luggageB.flightC.seatD.holiday19.A.duringB.byC.forD.after

D.control21.A.D.recommendedarrangedB.commandedC.announced22.A.attendedB.repliedC.agreedD.turned23.A.centerB.museumC.stationD.airport24.A.usingB.seeingC.pullingD.carrying25.A.beatB.swellC.hurtD.drop26.A.panicB.wasteC.failD.suffer27.A.whenB.whereC.howD.what28.A.tirelessB.endlessC.fruitlessD.aimless29.A.moneyB.timeC.energyD.effort30.A.pushedB.concernedC.rewarded

D.touched31.A.talentedB.honestC.independentD.determined32.A.observedB.checkedC.discoveredD.circled33.A.interestedD.proudB.hopefulC.delighted34.A.justB.nearlyC.evenD.almost35.A.courageB.imaginationC.kindnessD.modesty第二部分：阅读理解共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TreeSenicePortlandAreyouconcernedaboutthattreeinthefrontyardHavetreebranchesbeenfallingoffthatevergreentreeoverthegarageOrmaybeyoujustneedtreeremovalorsomeregulartreepruningtoletthatrarePortlandsunshineshineinUrbanForestProinPortiandisafull-servicetreecarecompanyprovidingthePortiandareawithtreeservices.Ifyouhaveaproblem,anyproblem,thatinvolvestrees,ourtreeserviceandremovalexpertscanhelpyousolveit.Belowareourmostpopulartreeservices.TreePruning-Ourarborists（树艺师）aretrainedtorecognizetheuniqueneedsofyourtrees,takingintoaccountfactorssuchasthetree'sage,health&priorpruning.Doingtreepruning,weselectivelyremovecertainpartsofatreeaccordingtothegoalsofourcustomerssuchasroofprotection,increasedsunlight,viewclearanee,andprivacyprotection.Ourarboristscaninmostcasescomeupwithapruningmethodthatisbothbeneficialforthetree'shealthandlongevityandmeetstheneedsofourcustomers.TreeRemoval一Ourarboristsusethelatesttechniquesandskillstoassurethesafetyofyourhome,roof,andnearbystructurestomakesureyourtreeremovalisdonesuccessfully.Alltreedebris（残骸）isropeddownandkeptunderourcontrolatalltimestoensureyourtreeremovalissafe.TreeAssessment-Atreeassessmentprovidescustomers,forasmallfee,withaverbalexplanationoftheconditionoftheirtrees.Inaddition,thearboristmaydescribeanyDIYoptionsyoumighthavetocorrectorimprovetheproblem.Itisalsoofvalueforcustomerswhocannotaffordtohavetreeservicesdoneatthistimebutonlywanttomakeabudgetnow.TreePlanting-Wehavealargeselectionofaffordablehighqualitytreesthatarehandpickedbyourarborists,orourcustomerscanalsopurchasetheirowntreesandhavethemplantedunderthebestconditionsbyaknowledgeableprofessionalfromourcompany.Ourarboristscanalsousetheirextensiveknowledgeoftreestomakerecommendationsastowhichtreeswouldworkbestinyouryard.Formoreinformation,pleasecheckoutourblog!UrbanForestProinPvidesfreetrainingontreeprotectiontakescareoftreesinpublicareasofferstreeservicestocustomersfocusesontreesalesWhatwillanarboristdointheprocessoftreepruningSelectthehealthiesttrees.Movethetreetoanewplace.Cutoffunnecessarybranches.Clearleavesawayfromtheroof.Customerswhoareshortofmoneymayreceivetheserviceof.TreePruningB.TreeRemovalC.TreePlantingD.TreeAssessmentBFivedaysaweek,28-year-oldEbonySmitharrivesatChangingGearsBikeShopat10:50.,tenminutesbeforeopening.Walkingintotheshop,sheturnsonthelights,openstheregister,andreviewstherepairorders.Forthenextseveralhoursshewillrepairbikeswithprofessionalskillandcare,andguidecustomersthroughbikechoiceslikeanexperiencedrider,learningabouttheirneedsandpreferences,andhelpingthemtofindtheperfectfit.AlthoughSmithhadalmostnoexperienceridingabikeanddidn'tevenenjoyridingonewhenshefirstcametoChangingGears,shehasstayedinthepositionfornearlyadecadenow,andhercustomersarethankfultoherheartfeltassistance.What'smore,manyoftheshopvisitorsareyouthfromfamilieslivinginlow-incomehousingnamedAlamedaPoint.Smithlivedinthisneighborhoodthroughoutherchildhood,andtotheseyoungstersandfamiliessheisapositiverolemode—lsomeonedeterminedtosucceedinspiteofeducationalandfinancialstruggles.WhenshefirstbeganatChangingGearsat19yearsold,Smithwaslivingwithherparents,whostruggledtomakealiving.Shehadfailedtoearnahighschooldiplomawhenshedidn'tpassCalifornia'shighschoolexitexam.However,whenathree-monthjobtrainingpositionopenedatthebikeshopin2008,Smithtookachanceto,asshesays,“turnherlifearound.”Shesignedupandwasquicklyhired.SmithisjustoneofthethousandsofChangingGears'employeesaroundtheworld,andhercontinuedsuccessatChangingGearsembodiestheshop'sdutyto“operateabicycle-basedsocialenterprisethatmeetstheneedsoftheunderprivilegedofourlocalarea.”Inaddition,theshophasastrongenvironmentalfocus,whichincludesbicyclereuseandrecycling.ThroughouttheyearsChangingGearshasalsoengagedyouthandfamiliesinbicyclefieldtripsandprovidedfreebicycleparkingandrepairserviceatlocalfarmers'marketsinordertoencouragebikeridingasapracticalandgreenformoftransportation.Throughitsblending（协调）ofeffectivesmallbusinesspracticeswithasocialandenvironmentalmission,ChangingGearsstaysinspiredtousebicyclesasavehicleforsocialchange.WhatcanwelearnaboutEbonySmithSheisabikeshopowner.Sheisaprofessionalrider.Shehasagoodknowledgeofbikes.Shehasalotofshoppingexperience.WhathelpedEbonySmithgetintothecareerFamilysupport.B.Personalinterest.C.Trainingopportunity.D.Highschooleducation.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“embodies”inParagraph4probablymeanBeanexampleof.B.Bethereasonfor.C.Besimilarto.D.Bemodeledafter.WhichofthefollowingisChangingGears'dutyMakingbikedonations.Offeringhelptothepoorpeople.Improvingbike-ridingtechniques.D.Drawingpeople'sattentiontobikeenterprises.C“WhenIgrowup,Iwanttobearunner.”ThesewordsarespokenbythousandsofKenyanchildren.50percentoftheKenyantoprunnersaremembersofKalenjin,oneminorityraceofthecountry.TheymakeuplessthantwopercentofKenya'spopulation.Thisfacthaspuzzledsportsscientists.Theyhavespentconsiderabletimeandefforttryingtoansweronequestion:WhatenablestheKalenjinpeopletorunsofastAlthoughthequestionseemssimple,ndingtheanswerhasproventobedifficultandcontroversial.AteamofDanishsportsscientistsspent18monthsanddiscoveredtheKalenjinshadremarkablyslowheartratesevenwhenrunninglongdistances.Kalenjinsliveinhigh-elevation（高海拔）villagesintheRiftValleyinwesternKenya.Peoplelivingathighelevationsproducemoreredbloodcells,whichaidinthetransportofoxygenthroughoutthebody.Becausetheairisthinnerandcontainslessoxygenathighelevations,thebodyproducesmoreredbloodcells.Scientistsbelievethereisaconnectionbetweenincreasedredbloodcellsandlowheartratesandthatbothmayenablehigh-altitudeathletestooutperformthosewhotrainatlowaltitudes.TheDanishscientistsalsostudiedthebodiesoftheKalenjinsandcomparedthemtothoseoftheDanes.TheyfoundthattheKalenjinshavelonger“birdlike”legs.TheKalenjinsalsohavelowerbodymassindexes（ameasureofbodyfatbasedonweightandheight）andshorterbodiesthanDanishpeople.AsaresultoftheDanishstudy,somescientistsmadetheconclusionthattheKalenjinspossesswhatiscalleda“speedgene（基因）.”However,Kenyanrunnerswereoffendedbythisconclusion.Theycreditedtheirsuccesstohardworkandendlesshoursoftraining.Althoughthecontroversyoverthe“speedgene”remainsunsolved,BritishrunnerMoFarah'sexperienceoffersaninterestingperspectiveonthesubject.In2005,herealizedhewasn'tmeetinghispotentialasarunner.AgroupofKenyanrunnersweretraininginEnglandthen.AfterheaccidentallyobservedtheKenyans'stricttrainingroutinesanddedicationtotheirsport,Farahsaiditwaslikeaswitchhadbeenturnedoninhishead.Hebeganeatinghealthyfoods,goingtobedearly,andtrainingharderthanhehadevertrainedinhislife.Asaresult,Farah'srunningcareerexploded.HehaswonsevenworldandOlympictitlesinthe5000mandregularlybeatsKenya'stoprunners!Farah'sstoryproveswhatKenyanshaveknownallalong.Regardlessofgenetics,theirsuccesswouldnotbepossiblewithouthardwork,dedication,sacrice,andmentaltoughness.Their“secret”issimple.Trainhard,runfast,andnevergiveup.WhatinterestedthesportscientistsKenyansporthistory.Kanlenjins'runningability.Kanlenjins'trainingmethods.Kenyans'enthusiasmforsport.AccordingtoDanishscientists,whatleadstoKanlenjins'successA.Physicalcondition.B.Livingstyle.C.Hardtraining.D.Strongwill.HowdidKenyanrunnersthinkaboutDanishresearchresultA.Convincing.B.Unacceptable.C.Astonishing.Important.WhyisMoFarah'sstorymentionedinthepassageA.Toshowrunningmethodscount.ToencourageBritishathletes.Toproveeffortpaysoff.D.Tosupportgenetheory.Earthisexperiencingitssixthmassextinction：somewherebetween30and159species（物种）disappeareveryday,andmorethan300typesofanimalshavediedoutsince1500.Thisisnotgoodforthefutureoflifeonourplanet,butwhatifwecouldmakesomeoftheextinctspeciescomebacktolifeThankstoongoingadvancesinDNArecoveryandcloningtechnology,de-extinctionmaysoonberealized,andwemayseeTasmanianTigers,orDodoBirdsbackintoexisteneeinthenearfuture.Somescientistsareconfidentandoptimisticaboutde-extinction.Theythinkthatthebestreasonsforde-extinctionhavemoretodowithecologythantourism.“Ifthisisalwaysgoingtobeazooanimal,thenstop,”saysBenNovak,theleadresearcheratRevive&Restore—afoundationdevotedtorescuingendangeredandextinctspeciesinSanFrancisco,California.“Thegoalshavetobeaboutecologicalrestorationandfunction.”Takepassengerpigeonsforexample.Theirnumbersreachednearly5billionatthestartofthe19thcentury,andtheyplayedanimportantroleinshapingtheforeststheyinhabited（居住）.Aftertheirextinction,theforestshaveneverbeenthesame.“Thepassengerpigeonisaveryimportantecologicalspeciesifwewanttheiroriginalhabitatback”Novaksays.However,weneedtothinktwiceaboutNovak'sidea.Anynewscientificinitiativeisboundtohaverisks,soisde-extinction.Althoughsomeassumethatde-extinctionmayhelptheenvironment,wecan'tbesosure.Thede-extinctanimalswouldnowbestrangerstotheirhabitats.Asthehabitatisnolongerwhatitwas,thespeciesrolewithintheecosystemmayhavealsochanged.Thiscouldbeactuallyathreattotheotherspecieswithintheenvironmentasthede-extinctanimalsentertheareaandcompeteforfoodsources.Onceagainwe'retryingtoforcenaturetoactinacertainway,ratherthanlettingitremainnatural.Manyscientistsalsobelievethatpriorities（优先权）wouldchangewithintheconservationofcurrentlyendangeredspecies.

WouldwestillputintheefforttopreservelivinganimalsifweknewwecouldjustmagicallybringthembackfromthedeadDouglasMcCauley,anecologistatUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,stressesthisworry.“Honestly,thethingthatscaresmemostisthatthepublicabsorbsthemisimpressionthatextinctionisnolongerscary.Thegeneralattitudebecomes:Deforest,noworry,wecanreforest.Ifwedrivesomethingextinct,noworry,wecande-extinctit.”saidMcCauley.Itseemsthatwiththesubjectofde-extinction,wemustlookatourreasonsfordoingsuchathing.Yes,wemay,inthenearfuture,beabletode-extincttheextinctspecies.ButdoesthatmeanweshouldAretherisksreallyworthitDoesitmakesensetofocusonthedeadthanthelivingAndwhoarewetrulybenefitingintheendBenNovakprobablyagreesthat.thevalueofde-extinctionliesintourismde-extinctanimalsareunfittoliveinthezoode-extinctionresultsfromthechangeofecosystemde-extinctionaimstobringbackformerenvironmentWhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph5People'simpressionsonlostspecies.Changeofpublicattitudetowardsde-extinction.Importanceoftheconservationoflivinganimals.Effectsofde-extinctionontheprotectionofendangeredspecies.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardde-extinctionA.Optimistic.D.SupportiveB.Doubtful.C.A.Optimistic.D.SupportiveB.Doubtful.C.Neutral.50.WhichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassageI:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point（次要点）C:Conclusion第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itissometimesthoughtthatthelongingformaterialgoods,theneedtobuythings,isarelativelymoderninvention.51Tradeorshoppingiscertainlyanancientdesire,andexistedbeforeourancestorsinventedwriting,laws,citiesorfarming,evenbeforetheyusedmetaltomaketools.Humansareborntotrade.52Evideneefromhunter-gathererssuggeststhattheexchangeoffoodandotherneeessarythingseomesnaturally,aswellastheabilitytokeepareeordoftheereditsinvolved.Andoneetradebegins,thebenefitsarehardtoresist.AncientlocalcoastalpeopleinnorthernAustraliatradedfishhooks,alongachainoftradingpartners,withpeopleliving400milesinland,whocutandpolishedlocalstonetomakeaxes（斧子）.53Finally,bothgroupsof“producers”,byconcentratingonthingstheycouldproduceandexchangingthemforotherthingstheyneeded,benefitedasaresult.Tradeinthenecessitiesoflife,suchasfoodandsimpletools,isnotreallysurprising,consideringthelinkbetweenthesebasicitemsandsurvival.Whatissurprising,though,isthatourtasteforunnecessaryexpensiveobjectsalsogoesbackalongway.InSouthAfrica,100,000-year-olddecorativedyes（染料）havebeenfoundinanareawherenonewereproduced.54Smallroundpiecesofglass76,000yearsoldwerealsofoundatthesameplace.Theearliestjewelleryknowntouswerenotjustrandomfindings—theyweregroupedtogetherinsizeandhadholeslikethoseusedforthreadingontoanecklace.Archaeologistsarguethattradepreparedthewayforthecomplexsocietiesinwhichwelivetoday.55However,theirmodernequivalents—fastcarsandexpensiveclothes—holdthesameattractionforusas“tradegoods”didforpeople100,000yearsago.A.Andwedon'tneedshopsormoneytodoit.Thesearepowerfulevidenceforcashpurchase.Infact,itsrootsgobacktothebeginningofhumanity.However,firsttradebeganfromtheexchangeofobjects.Modern-dayshoppersmaynotbeimpressedbyancientglasspieces.Itisthoughtthatthesegoodswereboughtatleast30kilometresaway.Everyindividualalongthechainmadeaprofit,evenifheproducedneitherhimself.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）你的英国朋友Jim来信邀请你高考后去英国度假。请你给他回信,内容包括：1、表示感谢；2、对邀请做出回复；3、说明做出该回复的理由。注意