考研考博-英语-南京航空航天大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京航空航天大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Veryfewexpertshave（

）withcompletenewanswerstotheworld'seconomicproblems.

问题1选项

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。cometo想起；comearound苏醒，恢复知觉；cameupwith提出，想出；comeon开始，加油。句意：极少数的专家想出了对这个世界经济问题的新答案。只有C项能和with搭配，comeupwith提出，想出。答案C

2.单选题

Hewasvery（

）totheoldladyanddideverythingforher.

问题1选项

A.attentive

B.observant

C.earnest

D.considerate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:他很那位老妇人，什么都替她做。

attentive:留意的，细心的。observant:善于观察的，观察力敏锐的。earnest:认真的，诚实的。considerate:体贴的，体谅的。故D项符合句意。

3.单选题

Thecountryisnowundergoinganeconomic（

）inwhichbusinessactivityisgreatlyreducedandtheunemploymentrateishigh.

问题1选项

A.flourish

B.accession

C.sanction

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。flourish意为“繁荣，昌盛”；accession意为“增加”；sanction意为“制裁，处罚”；recession意为“经济衰退，不景气”。

句意：这个国家正遭受严重的经济衰退，商业活动大大减少，失业率很高。

4.单选题

Thesefigures（

）nosignificanceastheyarestatisticallyimperfect.

问题1选项

A.contributeto

B.attachto

C.conformto

D.amountto

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。contributeto意为“有助于，贡献”；attachto意为“贴，系”；conformto意为“符合，遵照”；amountto意为“共计，归结为”。

句意：这些数字没有任何意义，因为它们在统计上不完美。

5.单选题

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“labormarketproblems”inlines1torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat（）.

6.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

7.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

8.Theconclusionstatedinlines15-19aboutthenumberofpeoplewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenessdependsprimarilyonthepointthat（）.

9.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

问题1选项

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty

C.Wheretheareasofagreementareamongpoverty,employment,andearningsfigures

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities

问题2选项

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome

问题3选项

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

问题4选项

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

问题5选项

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanyonetimedonotsufferseverehardship

问题6选项

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

问题7选项

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

问题8选项

A.intimesofhighunemployment,therearesomepeoplewhodonotremainunemployedforlong

B.thecapacityforself-supportdependsonreceivingmoderate-to-highwages

C.thoseinforcedidlenessinclude,besidestheunemployed,bothunderemployedpart-timeworkersandthosenotactivelyseekingwork

D.atdifferenttimesduringtheyear,differentpeopleareunemployed

问题9选项

A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.

B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.

C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.

D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:A

【解析】1.主旨题。文章开头引出了整篇文章的话题“Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.”有多少人会因为劳务市场问题而遭受不幸？这是最关键但也是最有争议的社会政策问题之一。所以整篇文章的主题为劳务市场及就业问题。下文分析了这一问题的出现，并且提出由于社会统计数据的缺陷和不完善，使人们无法确定劳务市场问题的严重程度和因劳务市场问题而遭受不幸的具体人数。最后文章提出“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and…”，由于这些相互矛盾的证据，目前还不确定那些由于劳务市场问题而遭受严重损失的人数是数十万人还是数千万人……由此可判断出本篇文章主要内容为：社会统计数据是如何模糊不清地反映出低工资和就业机会不足所造成的困难程度的。选项D符合题意。

2.词义理解题。根据文章第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.”，如今，失业不会像20世纪30年代那样带来可怕的后果，因为当时大多数失业者都是家里的主要经济支柱，当时收入通常更接近于温饱线，当时对于那些在劳务市场上失败的人，没有相应的解决措施。所以整篇文章提到的劳务市场问题主要是两个方面的问题，一是失业，二是收入。所以选项D“提供丰厚收入的岗位的缺乏”符合文章意思。

3.推断题。根据文章第一段“Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930s…”，可知作者认为在许多方面，社会统计数据夸大了劳务市场的困难程度。将20世纪30年代和现今进行对比，是为了说明失业所带来的后果不像20世纪30年代时那样严重。可推断出失业影响的严重程度有所降低。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions…”,作者提出的问题是“由于矛盾的统计数据，不确定因为劳务市场问题而遭受不幸的具体人数究竟是多少”。根据文章最后一句“Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.”，作者对这一问题所持有的观点是：现有的贫困、就业和收入统计数据不足以用来衡量劳务市场问题的后果严重性。可推断出作者针对这一问题，可能最恰当的提议是制定新的统计数据，以衡量劳务市场问题所造成的不幸程度。选项C符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第二段第一句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.”，可知第二段作者提出的主要观点是我们的社会统计数据在许多方面低估了与劳务市场相关的困难程度。此句为第二段的中心句，其他部分都是围绕此句展开的论述，可推断出下文作者提到那些一年之内多次失业的人目的是为了说明失业统计数据可能低估了失业带来的困难。选项B符合题意。

6.细节题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.”，我国的收入转移一直集中在老年人、残疾人和被赡养的人身上，而忽视了有工作的穷人的需要，因此，现金和实物转移的急剧增长，并不一定意味着那些在劳务市场中遭受不幸的人得到了充分的保护。可判断出收入转移对低收入人群的缓解作用不惠及一些有工作的贫困者，选项A符合题意。

7.细节题。根据文章第一段最后几句“Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.”，文章提到收入数据也夸大了困难的程度，下文便解释了原因，在数百万小时工资处于或低于最低工资水平的人中，绝大多数都有多份收入，而且家庭相对富裕。可判断出导致失业和收入数据高估经济困难程度的一个原因是在低收入和失业的人群中，普遍存在有工作的家庭的人。选项D符合题意。

8.推断题。根据文章第二段“Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.”，对于被迫失业而受苦的人数，作者的结论为：由于一年中某段时间内失业的人数是某个月失业人数的几倍，因此那些被迫失业而受苦的人数可能等于或超过年平均失业人数，尽管在任何一个月里只有少数失业者真正受苦。下文就对这个结论进行了进一步说明，根据文章“Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.”，对于被记入月失业人数中的人来说，有些人因为没有能力找到全职工作而做兼职，或者在劳务市场外，但是需要一份工作。可推断出作者对于被迫失业而受苦的人数做出的结论，主要取决于这一点：被迫失业的人除了失业者外，还包括未充分就业的兼职工作者和不积极寻找工作的人。选项C符合题意。

9.推断题。题目意思为“下列哪一项最能够批判作者关于为什么贫困统计数据不能如实地表现出劳务市场存在的问题的观点”，实际上题目要求选出与作者观点相反的一项。根据文章第一段最后一句“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.”作者对于这一问题的观点为：因为贫困统计中的大多数是老年人或残疾人，或有些人由于家庭负担而无法成为劳动力，所以贫困统计数据无法准确地反映劳务市场的问题。可推断出与此观点相反的选项为A“贫困人口数量的短期增加可能表明就业岗位不足，因为无法接受就业的人员的基数大致保持不变。”，选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobelittlemorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorcomeincontactwiththesupernatural—perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer”toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.

Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingontheflooroftheNavahohogan.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient'sbodywithsandfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwillnotharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singer”totheirstudents.ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisthumbandfore-fingerontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor.Withasteadyhandandgreatpatience,heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesnotallowreproductionofsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Thepurposeofahealingceremonyliesin

（

）.

3.The“singer”rubssandonthepatientbecause

（

）.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Whichofthefollowingtitleswillbebestsuitthepassage?

问题1选项

A.discussthemedicalusesofsandpaintingsinmedievalEurope.

B.studythewaysNavahoIndianshandeddowntheirpaintingart.

C.considerhowNavaho“singer”treattheirailmentswithsandpaintings.

D.tellhowNavahoIndiansapplysandpaintingformedicalpurposes.

问题2选项

A.pleasingtheghosts

B.attractingsupernaturalpowers

C.attractingtheghosts

D.creatingasandpainting

问题3选项

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithaspharmaceuticalvalue

C.itdecoratethepatient

D.noneoftheabove

问题4选项

A.Paint

B.Beachsand

C.Crushedsandstone

D.Flour

问题5选项

A.ANewDirectionforMedicalResearch

B.TheNavahoIndians’SandPainting

C.TheprocessofSandpaintingCreation

D.TheNavahoIndians’MedicalHistory

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先指出艺术除娱乐还有其他功能。之后便纳瓦霍人的传统为例,说明了沙画师如何在治疗疾病方面发挥作用的,故选D。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词ahealingceremony定位至第二段:Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer5’toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing(为了抵消这种邪恶力量，病人或其亲戚将会请一位“歌唱者”举行一场治疗仪式，通过这种仪式将邪恶力量吸引过去)。故选B。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第三段:Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit(通过这种方式，那些邪恶的力量都将被病人吸取，最终病人的身体会变得强健)。故选A。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour(所用材料在纳瓦霍人居住地范围内很容易获得。通过两块石头将棕色、红色、黄色和白色的沙石研磨成粉状，就像将玉米研磨成粉状一样)。故选C。

5.主旨大意题。文章以纳瓦霍人的传统为例，详细讨论了沙画是如何在治疗疾病方面发挥作用。故选B。

7.单选题

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant“有重大意义的，显著的”;enormous“巨大的,庞大的”；considerable“相当多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous“众多的，许多的”一般用来修饰可数名词。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。

8.单选题

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,______moveaboutfreely.

问题1选项

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项aswellas“也；不但……而且”；B选项disregardfor“漠视”；C选项letalone“更不用说；不打扰”；D选项notmentioning“没有提到”。句意：乘客像沙丁鱼一样挤在汗流浃背、幽闭恐怖的地铁车厢里，几乎无法呼吸，______自由走动。根据语境，这里是指车厢里面很挤，呼吸都困难，自由走动就更困难了，所以letalone“更不用说”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplasticandthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nostitches（刀口会逢合），nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.

Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsthatusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat（）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause（）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（）.

5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat（）.

问题1选项

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

问题2选项

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers.

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution.

C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments.

D.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

问题3选项

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

问题4选项

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye

B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

问题5选项

A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably

C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom

D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplasticandthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears(后来,人类开始使用锋利的骨头或动物的角,金属材质的刀,而最近却使用橡胶和塑料工具,多年来人类在外科器械方面驻足于此),由此可知D项“基础的”正确。

2.判断推理题。A:医疗帮助变得可为产业工人所用,文章未提及。B:艺术的研究经历了彻底变革,文章未提及。C:来越多的外科医生开始使用外科器械,由“Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints(这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知C不符合原文所述。D:人类的整个外科手术方式彻底地发生了改变,第一段指出:Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry，butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery(20世纪60年代，一种新的工具（即激光）被开发，它首先对军队和工业有重耍的实践作用，不过后来也对外科手术的各个方面带来了革命化的影响),因此D符合原文所述。本题选D。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam(然而，一束激光中的光是被聚集了。这意味着在被聚集成一个针尖大小的光朿后，具有不及一个普通的电灯所产生的能量的光就会变得极强),因此A“它由被聚集的光朿构成”正确。

4.细节事实题。A:只能在人眼上被成功地进行,由第二段中“Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints(这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知A不符合原文所述。B:导致病人需耍长吋间的恢复,C:因使用激光束而被变得更复杂,D:对病人本身带来非常小的伤害,第三段指出:Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried(曾经让病人筋疲力尽且需要长时间恢复的手术，现在让病人感觉放松且舒适。因此更加困难的手术现在都能被尝试),由此可知B项与C项不符合原文所述,D正确。

5.判断推理题。最后一段说到:Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective(或许，一些癌症将因激光以一种让手术不仅更安全且更有效的方式而得到治疗),由此可知B项“外科手术可能会大幅地改善”正确。

10.单选题

Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein（

）.

问题1选项

A.lodgers

B.residents

C.settlers

D.inhabitants

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。lodger房客；residents居民；settler移民；inhabitant居民。句意：附近只有少数被挑选的女房东被该大学允许租房给学生。A项符合句意，答案A。

11.翻译题

在推进素质教育的进程中，宣传舆论发挥着重大作用。它能正确地引导学生、家长和社会各界。在教育观念上形成共识，有助于形成全社会关心、支持、参与实施素质教育的良好环境。我们希望新闻工作者要深入学校，及时发现和宣传报道实施素质教育的好典型、好经验。作家、艺术家、教育研究工作者都要从各自的角度为推行素质教育作出努力。这一切都是为了我们能够培养出真正合格的一代新人。我想，这一点全社会都责无旁贷。

实施素质教育是涉及教育方向、教育功能、教育制度以及教育内容、方法等各个方面的综合性改革；是涉及到价值观念、人才观念、教育质量观念等思想方面的大变革；是涉及到劳动事制度、招生考试内容和方法等一系列的社会性改革；是我国教育为实现经济工作的两个转变，实现社会可持续发展，实施科教兴国战略而必须进行的具有根本性意义的重大转变；是一项事关全局、影响深远和涉及社会各方面的系统工程。现在全面推行素质教育的客观条件和环境已经有所改善，但还不能说问题已经完全解决。

【答案】Theeffortstocarryoutcharactereducationcallforcomprehensivechangesinorientation,functions,institution,contentandapproaches.Theycallforsweepingchangesinourunderstandingofvalues,talentandqualityofeducation.Theycallforsocialreformsinareassuchasworkandpersonnelsystems,aswellasthecontentandmethodsofschoolentranceexams.TheycallforfundamentalchangesineducationinChina,inordertoeffecttransformationsineconomicworkandsustainedchangesineducationandtocarryoutthestrategyofrejuvenatingthenationthroughscienceandeducation.Itisarestructuringprojectthatisofvitalimportanceandhasafar-reachinginfluenceontheoverallsituation,involvingpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Theconditionsandtheenvironmenttodayaremuchbetterforfull-fledgedcharactereducation,butthisdoesnotmeanthatalltheproblemshavebeensolved.

12.单选题

Hewas____ofstealingandsenttoprisonforthethirdtime.

问题1选项

A.convicted

B.accused

C.charged

D.sentenced

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.convicted定罪B.accused控告；控诉

C.charged控告；起诉D.sentenced判决；宣判

【答案】A

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】句意：他被……偷窃罪并且第三次入狱。根据句意，应该是被定罪为偷窃罪然后送入监狱。beconvictedof“宣布有罪”符合语境，因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项accused“控告；控诉”，beaccusedof“被指控”，根据句意，因为已经送入监狱，所以应该是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，该选项不符合语境；

C选项charged“控告；起诉”，固定搭配bechargedwith或bechargedof，表示“被指控”。根据句意，因为已经送入监狱，所以应该是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，该选项不符合语境；

D选项sentenced“判决；宣判”，其使用为besentencedto，因此不符合搭配。

【句意】他被宣告犯偷窃罪，第三次被送进监狱。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingfromEnglishintoChinese.

Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,

justasasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.

Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendtheremainderofourlives.

Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaybringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.

【答案】我们可以把神秘的、不可知的未来塑造成我们所能想象到的任何东西，就像雕刻家将不成形的石头上雕刻成雕像一样。我们都站在农民的立场。如果我们播下好的种子，我们就会收获好收成。如果我们的种子贫瘠，杂草丛生，我们就会收获无用的庄稼。如果我们什么都不种，我们就什么也收获不了。

我希望未来比过去更美好。我不希望它会被那些充斥在过去中的错误与过失所污染。我们都应该关心未来，因为我们将在未来度过余生。

往昔已逝，静如止水。我们所能做的一切都改变不了它。未来就在我们面前，充满活力。我们所做的每一件都将会影响它。只要我们认识到这些，在我们的家中和在企业中，每一天都会带来新的领域。在人类努力开拓的每一片领域上，我们正处于进步的开端。

14.单选题

Someoftheseonlineservicesarefree,whileothers（

）acharge.

问题1选项

A.carry

B.cashier

C.coincide

D.collect

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些网络服务是免费的，但是其他的需要付费。carry“包含”；cashier“解雇”；coincide“同时发生”；collect“收集”。根据句意，选项A符合题意。

15.不定项选择题

Untilthetwentiethcentury(1900s),themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitesStates.Thentherewasapopulation_1_tothelargecitiesintheNorth.Prejudice_2_blacksisoften_3_withtheSouth.Slaverywasmorecommonthereanddiscriminationwasusuallymoreblatant(easier