考研考博-英语-北华大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北华大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

目前，对待科技发展存在着相互对立的两种思潮；反科学思潮认为，现代科学的发展非但没有给人类社会带来福音，反而带来了灾难和毁灭；另一种是科技进步思潮，他们认为人类面临的环境污染、生态失衡、资源枯竭等危机是科学发展过程中自然而然遇到的问题，这些问题进一步解决的出路恰恰在于继续大力发展科技。上述两种观点都有一定的合理性，也都有各执一端的片面性，如果从时代的高度和辩证的观点看待当代科技的发展时，我们就可以发现，当代科学技术所面临的问题并不是去如何认识现代科技进步，而是从时代的需要出发，设法找到未来科技进一步发展的理论根据所在。

【答案】Atpresent,therearetwooppositetrendsofthoughttothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Anti-scienceholdstheviewthatthedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasnotbroughtthegospeltothehumansociety,butbroughtdisasteranddestruction.Theotheristhetrendofscientificandtechnologicalprogress,whoseviewisthatenvironmentalproblemssuchaspollution,ecologicalimbalanceandresourceexhaustionoccurnaturallyintheprocessofscientificdevelopment.ItisbyvigorouslydevelopingscienceandtechnologythattheseproblemscanbefurthersolveD.Bothofthesetwoviewsarereasonableandofone-sidedness.Ifwelookatthedevelopmentofcontemporaryscienceandtechnologyfromtheperspectiveofageanddialectics,wecanfindthattheseproblemsfacedbycontemporaryscienceandtechnologyarenothowtounderstandmodernscientificandtechnologicalprogress,buttrytofindthetheoreticalbasisforthefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthefuturefromtheneedsofthetimes.

2.单选题

Henrywentthroughthedocumentsagaincarefullyforfearof（

）anyimportantdata.

问题1选项

A.relaying

B.overlooking

C.deleting

D.revealing

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。空格前是介词of，后面是名词data，结合选项可知此处需要填入动名词。A选项relay“传达；转发；转播”；B选项overlook“忽略；俯瞰；远眺”；C选项delete“删除”；D选项reveal“显示；透露；泄露”。句意：亨利又仔细地检查了一遍文件，生怕……什么重要的数据。由“检查文件”、“数据”等关键词可知，此处应表示“生怕遗漏重要数据”。B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Inminuteshehastakenoverthewhole（）,lyingunderthesinkandsquinting（眯眼看）upintothemachinery.

问题1选项

A.conscience

B.restraint

C.trial

D.enterprise

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。conscience道德,良心;restraint抑制,约束;trial试验,努力;enterprise企业,进取心。句意：几分钟后,他就接管了整个企业,躺在水池下面,眯着眼睛看着机器。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Theirdiplomaticprinciplescompletelylaidbaretheir（）forworldconquest.

问题1选项

A.admiration

B.ambition

C.aspiration

D.orientation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项admiration“钦佩，赞赏”；B选项ambition“野心，抱负”；C选项aspiration“渴望”；D选项orientation“方向”。句意：他们的外交原则完全暴露了他们征服世界的野心。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Thetwodelegateshadanin-depthexchangeofviewsonhowtoenhancetheir（）cooperation.

问题1选项

A.ethical

B.bilateral

C.mandatory

D.subsidiary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ethical“伦理的，道德的”；bilateral“双边的”；mandatory“强制的”；subsidiary“附属的”，由delegate“代表团”与cooperation“合作”一词可知此处应该选择形容词bilateral，表示两国之间的合作。句意：这两个代表团就如何加强……合作进行了深入的交流。故正确答案为选项B。

6.单选题

Anorganizationisonlyasgoodasthepeopleitemploys.Selectingtherightpersonforthejobinvolvesmorethanidentifyingtheessentialordesirablerangeofskills,educationalandprofessionalqualificationsnecessarytoperformthejobandthenrecruiting（招募）thecandidatewhoismostlikelytopossesstheseskillsoratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.Thisisapurelyperson/skillsmatchapproachtoselection.

Workinvariablytakesplaceinthepresenceand/orunderthedirectionofothers,inaparticularorganizationalsetting.Theindividualhastofitinwiththeworkenvironment,withotheremployees,withtheorganizationalclimate,styleofwork,organizationandcultureoftheorganization.Differentorganizationshavedifferentcultures.WorkingasanengineeratBritishAerospacewillnotnecessarilybeasimilarexperiencetoworkinginthesamecapacityatGECorPlessey.

Poorselectiondecisionsareexpensive.Forexample,thecostsoftrainingapolicemanareabout£20,000.Thecostsofemployinganunsuitabletechnicianonanoilrig（石油钻塔）orinanuclearplantcould,inanemergency,resultinmillionsofpoundsofdamageorlossoflife.Thedisharmonyofapoorperson-environmentfitislikelytoresultinlowjobsatisfaction,lackoforganizationalcommitmentandemployeestress,whichaffectorganizationaloutcomes,ductivity,highratesofstaffchangeandabsenteeism,andindividualoutcomesi.e.physical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being.

Howeverdespitetheimportanceoftherecruitmentdecisionandtherangeofsophisticatedandmoreobjectiveselectiontechniqueavailable,includingtheuseofpsychometrictests,assessmentcentersetc.,manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.Intheremainingtime,theinterviewerthenattendsexclusivelytoinformationthatreinforcestheinitial"accept"or"reject"decision.Researchintothevalidityofselectionmethodshasconsistentlydemonstratedthattheunstructuredinterview,wheretheinterviewerasksanyquestionsheorshelikes,isapoorpredictoroffuturejobperformanceanddoeslittlebetterthanmorecontroversialmethodslikegraphology（笔迹学）andastrology（占星术）.

1.Therightpersonforanorganizationshouldnotonlypossessnecessaryskillsforthejobbutalso（）.

2.WrongselectiondecisionswillleadtothefollowingoutcomesEXCEPT（）.

3.（）arethebestmethodtoidentifysuitableemployees.

4.Inanunstructuredinterview,（）willgreatlydeterminetheinterviewer'sfinaldecision.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

问题1选项

A.havetheabilityandinclinationtoacquiretheseskills

B.owneducationalandprofessionalqualifications

C.fitinwiththeorganization'senvironment

D.possesssimilarworkexperience

问题2选项

A.highertrainingcostsperperson

B.greaterdamageorcasualties

C.highjobsatisfaction

D.poorphysical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being

问题3选项

A.Psychometrictestsandassessmentcenters

B.Graphologyandastrology

C.Unstructuredinterviews

D.Structuredinterviews

问题4选项

A.thecandidate'sjobsatisfactionandorganizationalcommitment

B.theimpressionthecandidatemakesinthefirstfewminutes

C.thequestionstheinterviewerhappenstoaskthecandidate

D.thecandidate'scapabilitytocopewithanemergency

问题5选项

A.importanceofemployeeselection

B.futuretrendsinemployeeselection

C.bestmethodsofemployeeselection

D.popularmythsinemployeeselection

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“...oratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.”或者至少被认为有能力和意愿获得它们。选项A符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，选项A，B，D在本段均有提及且正确，只有选项C不符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根最后一段第一句“...manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.”许多组织仍然准备在30到45分钟的无组织面试的基础上做出这个决定。选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.”事实上，研究表明，选择通常是在面试的前四分钟内做出的。选项B符合原文。

5.全文主旨题。本文主要介绍了应该选拔什么样的人才,错误的选拔会产生的后果以及选拔人才的方法,都是为人才选拔的重要性这一主题服务的。所以选项A正确。

7.单选题

Ⅸ.(LitigationProcedure)

Arelatedconsequenceofthetrial’sdisappearancewouldbetheincreasingbureaucratizationofAmericansociety.Corporatebureaucraciesrationallyorganizedtoachieveprofitmaximizationwouldbelessqualified.Wewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonouroftenpoliticallybeleagueredadministrativeagenciestocontrolthelatter.Andevenwithinthelegalsystemitself,formalisticmodesofadjudication,whichparallelbureaucraticdecision-making,wouldbelessqualified.Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.InsofarasabureaucraticapparatusgrindsforwardmechanicallyandinexorablywemayendupwithwhatHannahArendthasfamouslycalledanirresponsible“rulebynobody”.

Itisunlikely,however,inmanycasesthatgeneralrulesreallydodecideparticularcases.Insteadofamechanicalsystemdecidingcasesdeductively,whatwewillprobablyhaveinmanycasesarejudgesdecidingcasesintheintersticesofcomplexruleswhichdonotthemselvesdecidethecase.Unlikethedevicesofthetrial,whichcanreally“getinside”thedecision-makerandwhosemoralsourcesactuallycantrumpthesubjectivityofalonedecision-maker,complexpatternsofjurisdictional,procedural,evidentiary,andsubstantiverulescaninvitemanipulationbyaCartesianjudgeviewingthoserulesfromadistance.Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.Thereisanothereffectofthedecliningimportanceofpublicprocessesofadjudication.

Wearecontinuingtoloseamajorsourceofpublicinformationonimportantquestionsofgeneralconcern.“Aslongascourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdatainvolumeandkindoutstrippingthatproducedaboutadjudicationinadministrativeagencies,andaslongasprivateprovidersdonotregularlydisseminateinformationaboutorprovideaccesstotheirprocesses,”then“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”

83.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatbureaucraticmodesofsocialordering___.

84.ThestatementclosestinmeaningtoJudgePosner’sstatementis___.

85.Whencourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdata,thedecliningtrialratedoesNOTcomewith___.

86.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillNOThappeniftrialdisappearsintheUnitedStates?

问题1选项

A.donotlookintovalueorpreferencebutratherrelyonjudgmentorintuitionwhenmakingdecision

B.havenothingtodowithvalueorpreference

C.areakindofadministrativetask

D.relyonjudgmentorintuition

问题2选项

A.Areallyskillfullegalanalystcanalwayscoveroverhimself

B.Askillfuljudgecanalwaysfindalegalreasonforhisjudgment

C.Thelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused

D.Legalvarnishcancoveroverlegaloutcome

问题3选项

A.decreaseofpublicknowledgeofdisputes

B.diminutionofpublicinformationregardingjudges’behavior

C.growthofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

D.lesseningofpublicawarenessofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

问题4选项

A.Formalisticmodesofadjudicationwouldbelessqualified.

B.Corporatebureaucracieswouldbecomelessqualified.

C.Peoplewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonadministrativeagencies.

D.Bureaucraticdecision-makingwouldbequalified.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】83.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到划线句子Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.（社会秩序的官僚模式寻求“排除与行政任务明显无关的价值或偏好问题，并将依赖不可复制、不可审查的判断或直觉视为一种非常没有吸引力的决策方法”）可知官僚模式将直觉视为决策方法，选A选项“不考虑价值或偏好，而是依靠判断或直觉做决定”；B选项“与价值或偏好无关”，C选项“是一种行政任务”以及D选项“依靠判断或直觉”和原文不符。因此A选项正确。

84.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“JudgePosner”定位到原文第二段Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.（毕竟，正如波斯纳法官所说，“几乎没有法律的结果是一个非常熟练的法律分析师不能用法律粉饰掩盖的”，至少“当法律是不确定的和情绪激动的时候”）可知选C选项“法律是不确定的和情绪激动的”；A选项“一个真正有技巧的法律分析师总能掩饰自己”，B选项“一个有经验的法官总能为他的判决找到合法的理由”以及D选项“法律粉饰可以掩盖法律结果”不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

85.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“thedecliningtrialrate”定位到原文最后一段“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”（“随着审判率的下降，公众对纠纷、法官行为和公众对不和谐的规范反应的了解也会减少。”）可知C选项“在公众场合形成对不和谐的规范反应”原文未涉及；A选项“减少公众对纠纷的认识”，B选项“减少关于法官行为的公共信息”以及D选项“公众意识的削弱，在公众中伪造对不和谐的规范反应”原文有提及。因此C选项符合题意。

86.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字定位到原文第二段Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.（因此，从审判的消失中出现的严峻景象是一个官僚化的世界，在这个世界上，案件的运行是由一个不负责任的机制进行的，而剩下的案件则是“在法律不确定的情况下，由法官未经训练的主观性或政治承诺引起的情绪”所影响）可知D选项“官僚决策将是合格的”不会发生；A选项“形式主义的裁决模式不合格”，B选项“公司官僚机构将变得不那么合格”以及C选项“人们将不得不更完全地依赖行政机构”都会发生。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Asaclergyman’ssonhe’d______asetofmysticalbeliefsfromthecradle.

问题1选项

A.imbibed

B.abashed

C.tampered

D.reposed

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imbibed吸收；接收B.abashed使困窘；使羞愧，使局促不安

C.tampered干扰；破坏，篡改D.reposed休息；依靠；寄托于

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“作为一名牧师的儿子，他从小就______一套神秘的信仰”可知，空格处表示“学习，接受”符合句意，四个选项中只有A项意思符合。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】作为一名牧师的儿子，他从小就接受了一套神秘的信仰。

9.单选题

Inordertosurvivenowand（）inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.

问题1选项

A.maximize

B.thrive

C.erect

D.recruit

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项maximize“最大化，极大”；B选项thrive“繁荣，兴旺，茁壮成长”；C选项erect“竖立，建造，创立”；D选项recruit“征募，聘用”。句意：为了现在的生存和未来的繁荣，所有的员工必须不断地为企业的各个方面创造新的想法。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

10.单选题

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.

问题1选项

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。kidnap“绑架”；harass“扰乱，使烦恼”；heckle“诘问，责问”；harbor“庇护”。句意：总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信，强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

You’vedonemoreoftheworkthanIhaverecentlysoI’llgiveupmydayoffin（）.

问题1选项

A.offset

B.redress

C.herald

D.compensate

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查了名词的辨析。offset“抵消；补偿”；redress“救济；赔偿；纠正”；herald“使者；先驱”；compensate“补偿；赔偿”（只有动词形式），此处应该选择一个名词与介词in搭配表示“补偿，弥补”的意思，所以可以排除选项C和D，redress一般不这样搭配，inoffset是惯用搭配，故正确答案为选项A。

12.单选题

PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisededucation,prospectivedoctorsofphilosophyareleftmoreorlessalonetowritetheequivalentofalargebook.Mostsocial-sciencepostgraduateshavestillnotcompletedtheirthesesbythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime,whichcanoftentakeafurtherthreeyears.Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubjectwhichhasblightedtheirholidaysandruinedtheirevenings.

TheEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil,whichgivesgrantstopostgraduatesocialscientists,wantstogetbettervalueformoneybycuttingshortthisagony.Itwouldliketoseefastercompletionrates:untilrecently,onlyabout25%ofPhDcandidateswerefinishingwithinfouryears.TheESRC'sresponsehasbeentostopPhDgrantstoallinstitutionswheretheproportiontakinglessthanfouryearsisbelow10%;inthefirstyearofthispolicythenationalaverageshotupto39%.TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics—includingOxfordUniversity,theLondonSchoolofEconomicsandtheLondonBusinessSchool.

Predictably,howlsofprotesthavecomefromtheuniversities,whoviewtheblacklistingofwholeinstitutionsasarbitraryandnegative.Theypointoutthatmanyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.Thecollegessaythereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims.Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies.

TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime.Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways.Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyleofthesis,too.

1.Bytimenewdoctorsgetajobandtrytofinishtheirthesesinsparetime,（）.

2.OxfordUniversitywouldbeexcludedoutofthoseuniversitiesthatreceivePhDgrantsfromESRC,becausethecompletionrateofitsPhDstudents'theseswithinfouryearsislowerthan（）.

3.AllthefollowingstatementsaretheargumentsagainstESRC'spolicyEXCEPT（）.

4.TheESRCwouldprefer（）.

5.WhattheESRCcandoisto（）.

问题1选项

A.mostofthemdiedofsomesickness

B.theirholidaysandeveningshavebeenruinedbytheirjobs

C.mostofthemarecompletelytiredofthenarrowlydefinedsubject

D.mostoftheirgrantsrunout

问题2选项

A.25%

B.40%

C.39%

D.10%

问题3选项

A.alltheinstitutionsontheblacklistarearbitraryandnegative

B.thereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics

C.manyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses

D.somepolytechnicsarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance

问题4选项

A.thatthestudentswerecarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudiesratherthanbeingtrainedas

B.researchers

C.toseehigherstandardsofPhDstudents'thesesandmoreambitiousdoctoraltopics

D.moresystematicteachingofresearchskillstofewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedoninexperiencedyoungPhDstudents

E.thatPhDstudentswerelessmodestintheiraims

问题5选项

A.forcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime

B.trytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways

C.dictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers

D.notethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandlesselaboratestyleofthesis

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第一段的三、四句"Mostsocial-science...bythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime..."，所以选项D正确。

第2题:信息推断题。根据关键词“OxfordUniversity”定位到第二段的最后一句，除非结业率进一步提高，否则这将把73所大学和理工学院中的55所排除在外，包括牛津大学、伦敦政治经济学院和伦敦商学院。根据上文提到的政策实施后的第一年，国家平均毕业率迅速提高到39%，并将在两年内逐步将门槛提高到40%。由此可知，牛津大学的博士生毕业率低于39%。选项C正确。

第3题:事实细节题。根据第三段的第一句“Predictably,...asarbitraryandnegative.”可以预见的是，抗议的呼声来自大学，他们认为将整个机构列入黑名单是武断的和消极的。强调的是列入黑名单的行为，而不是这些院校本身是武断的和消极的，所以选项A表述错误。选项B，C，D都能在第三段找到对应句。

第4题:事实细节题。根据第四段的第二句“Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.”它（ESRC）希望看到更多系统地教授研究技能，减少对正在进行第一次认真研究的青年男女的不切实际的期望。选项C符合原文。

第5题:事实细节题。根据最后一段的第二句"Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways."选项B符合原文。

13.不定项选择题

TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.

Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.

AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.

Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto______.

2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_____.

4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe______.

5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause______.

问题1选项

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

问题2选项

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

问题3选项

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

问题4选项

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

问题5选项

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto____.挪威政府更倾向于石油工业____。

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.A.为外国工人提供更多的工作机会

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentB.减缓其发展速度

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroadC.把它生产的石油卖到国外去

D.developmorequicklythanatpresentD.比现在发展得更快

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息词oilindustry可定位到Para.1第一句，该处讲到“挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业（undercontrol）”，又提到“一项新法律（Anewlawlimits）将勘探范围限制在长海岸线南端以南的地区；已经制定了生产限制；石油公司也不允许雇佣超过有限数量的外国工人”。可知政府限制石油工业的发展。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“为外国工人提供更多的工作机会”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇佣外国工人的数量不得超过限定数量，即减少雇佣工人数量。这里属于反向干扰；

C选项“把它生产的石油卖到国外去”，属于无中生有；

D选项“比现在发展得更快”，文中说到要限制石油工业的发展，D选项与文章相反，属于反向干扰。

2.【选项释义】

TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto____.挪威政府已努力去____。

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesA.鼓励石油公司发现新的石油资源

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

B.禁止石油公司雇佣挪威北部人

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemsC.控制石油公司解决它们的许多问题

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsizeD.使石油工业保持在接近目前规模的水平

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，该处讲到“很少有人相信政府能够长期阻止事态发展”，结合第一段第一句“挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业”可知政府在控制石油工业发展，努力维持石油工业的现状。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“鼓励石油公司发现新的石油资源”，而文中说新的法律限制人们只能在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探，也就是限制人们发现新资源，A选项属于反向干扰；

B选项“禁止石油公司雇佣挪威北部人”，文中说到石油工业已经开始吸引人们前往南方但并没有说禁止雇佣北部人，B选项属于无中生有；

C选项“控制石油公司解决它们的许多问题”，但文中提到的是石油工业解决问题，属于张冠李戴。

3.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto____.根据这篇文章，石油工业可能会导致挪威北部____。

A.thedevelopmentofindustryA.工业的发展

B.agrowthinpopulationB.人口的增长

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogrammeC.发展计划的失败

D.thedevelopmentofnewtownsD.新市镇的发展

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.4最后一句，该处讲到“不出几年，整个北方政策就可能毁于一旦”。比对选项，C选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“工业的发展”，文中说到“一些小的工业甚至会消失（Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappear）”属于反向干扰；

B选项“人口的增长”，文中说到“石油工业吸引人们前往南方（startedtodrawpeoplesouth）”也就是说北部人口会减少。B选项属于反向干扰；

D选项“新市镇的发展”，北部人口跑到南方北方应该不会有新城镇的发展，反而是南方可能有新城镇的发展，这属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe____.在南方，石油工业的发展可能产生的影响是____。

A.alargereductiononunemploymentA.失业率大幅下降

B.agrowthinthetouristindustryB.旅游业的发展

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustriesC.现有工业数量的减少

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustriesD.发展一批服务业

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】倒数第三段第一句提到“然而，石油工业的影响不会局限于北方”即可知本段在描写石油工业的发展对南方带来的影响，根据题干信息可定位到倒数第三段最后一句，该处讲到“一些较小的工业甚至可能完全消失”。换言之，这些原本存在的小工业会减少。比对选项，C选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“失业率大幅下降”，根据倒数第三段第二句“在就业率接近100%的情况下（Withnearly100percentemployment），每个人都可以看到服务行业和旅游业的大部分工人将会跑到石油工业去。”可知原文说到1.就业率接近100%；2.服务业和旅游业的从业人员会流向石油业，无法推断出失业率大幅下降，属于无中生有；

B选项“旅游业的发展”，根据倒数第三段第二句“服务行业和旅游业的大部分工人将会跑到石油工业去。”可知旅游业不会发展，B选项反向干扰；

D选项“发展一批服务业”，也是根据原文中人们发展石油工业导致从事服务和旅游的人减少，不会发展一批服务业，D选项属于反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause____.挪威的农民和渔民有重要的影响，因为____。

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianidealA.他们构成了挪威人理想的很大一部分

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealB.他们的生活和价值观代表了挪威人的理想

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietyC.他们的工作对挪威社会很有帮助

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifeD.他们认为这是对挪威人生活方式的威胁

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干farmers和fishermen可定位到倒数第二段第二句，该处讲到“挪威人在他们身上看到了许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人本质上的品质。”众所周知，挪威的农业和渔业发展历史悠久，农民和渔民是挪威的代表。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他们构成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”，并不是说挪威人的理想是渔民和农民，而是说渔民和农民的生活和价值观代表了他们的理想，A选项属于偷换概念；

C选项“他们的工作对挪威社会很有帮助”，文中只是说石油的发展阻碍了渔业农业发展，并没有说他们为什么重要，C选项属于无中生有；

D选项“他们认为这是对挪威人生活方式的威胁”，但是文中说的是“关于石油的真正争论是它对挪威人生活方式的威胁”。对生活有威胁的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。这里属于