考研考博-英语-北京青年政治学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京青年政治学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Noneofthisis（）surprising,norarethesequestionableindustrymachinationlimitedtothefrenziedsearchfortheso-calledpinkpill.

问题1选项

A.attheleast

B.theleast

C.theleastbit

D.intheleastbit

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项attheleast“无论如何”；B选项theleast“最少”；C选项theleastbit“半点，毫厘”；D选项intheleastbit“一点，丝毫”。句意：这些丝毫不令人感到惊讶，这些可疑行业的阴谋也不仅仅局限于疯狂地寻找所谓的“粉色药丸”。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Communicationistheprocessofamessage（

）fromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.

问题1选项

A.shifting

B.transmitting

C.submitting

D.transforming

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。shift“转移；改变；替换”；transmit“传输；传播”；submit“使服从；呈递”；transform“改变，使变形；转换”。句意：通信是消息通过渠道从出处传播给观众的过程。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Shetookhim（）andledhimacrosstheroad.

问题1选项

A.byhishand

B.bythehand

C.withhand

D.withthehand

【答案】B

【解析】takesb.bythehand为习惯搭配,意为牵着某人的手。

4.单选题

Anydriverstoppedbythepoliceforsomeminortraffic（

）canbeaskedtotakeatestforalcoholicdrinking.

问题1选项

A.violation

B.accident

C.congestion

D.problem

【答案】A

【解析】violation违反，妨碍，侵害；accident意外，事故；congestion拥挤，拥塞。句意：任何因轻微交通违章被警察拦下的司机都可以被要求做酒精测试。选项A符合句意。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

科学实验的重要性

现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津杰出的僧侣和哲学家。他出生于1214年，死于1292年。他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过对周围事物进行观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也有许多卓越的发现。然而，生活在三百多年之后的伽利略（1564-1642），却是好几个伟大人物中最伟大的一个，这些人在意大利、法国、德国和英国开始逐步使人们看到许多重要的真理是可以通过掌握得当的观察去发现的。在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体掉到地面比小的物体要快，因为亚里士多德是这样说的。可是伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端，让两个体积不相等的铁球同时落地，从而向一些他带去观看实验的朋友们证明，亚里士多德错了。正是伽利略的这种直接到大自然中去通过实验来证明我们的判断和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的伟大发现。

【答案】TheImportanceofScientificExperiments

TheriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsdatebacktothetimeofRogerBacon,theoutstandingmonkandphilosopherofOxford,whowasbornon1241,anddiedon1292.Hewasprobablythemanwhofirstlyproposedthatwemuststudysciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthesurroundingthings,andmademanyremarkablediscoverieshimself.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen.Theyshowedpeoplehowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbywell-directedobservationinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland.BeforethetimeofGalileo,scholarsbelievedthatlargeobjectsfalltothegroundfasterthansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.GoingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,Galileoletfalltwounequalironballsatthesametime,andprovedtothosewhomhehadbroughttheretoseehisexperimentthatAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo’sspiritofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingouropinionsandtheoriesthroughexperiments,thatledtothegreatdiscoveriesofmodernsociety.

6.单选题

Ithinkweshould______thematterfurtherbeforesigningthecontract.

问题1选项

A.lookinto

B.lookupon

C.lookafter

D.lookup

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项lookinto“调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看”；B选项lookupon“看待；视作；看作；对待”；C选项lookafter“照顾；照料；照看”；D选项lookup“仰望；查阅；尊敬；拜访；改善”。句意：我认为在签订合同之前我们应该进一步考虑这个问题。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

ThisobservationflummoxedTerkel,aself-styledJewishfree-thinkerwhosaysheknowsnothingaboutGodbuteverythingabouthumannature.

问题1选项

A.inspired

B.surprised

C.bewildered

D.provoked

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项inspired“品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的”；B选项surprised“感到惊讶的，出人意料的”；C选项bewildered“困惑的”；D选项provoked“被激怒的，受到挑衅的”。句意：这一发现让特克尔感到困惑，他自称是犹太自由思想家，声称自己对上帝一无所知，只知道有关人类本性的一切。Flummoxed“困惑的”，C选项与该词词义最相近，因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the（）oferrorsismorelikelytobe（）thanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

问题1选项

A.formulation,permitted

B.correction,ignored

C.detection,useful

D.accumulation,agreeable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词与形容词辨析。A选项formulation，permitted“制订，规划；系统阐述；表达方式；制剂，配方”，“被允许的，可能的”；B选项correction，ignored“改正，修正”，“被忽视的；被忽略的”；C选项detection，useful“侦查，探测；发觉，发现；察觉”，“有用的，有益的；有帮助的”；D选项accumulation，agreeable“积聚，累积；堆积物”，“令人愉快的；适合的；和蔼可亲的”。句意：在科学研究中，报告支持的证据比不可信的假设更令人满意，但事实上，错误的积累比可能真理的建立更容易令人满意。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Untilrecentlymostastronomersbelievedthatthespacebetweenthegalaxiesinouruniversewasanearperfectvacuum.Thisorthodoxviewoftheuniverseisnowbeingchallengedbyastronomerswhobelievethataheavy“rain”ofgasisfallingintomanygalaxiesfromthesupposedlyemptyspacearoundthem.Thegasapparentlycondensesintoacollectionofsmallsupposedlyemptyspacearoundthem.Thegasapparentlycondensesintoacollectionofsmallstars,eachalittlelargerthantheplanetJupiter.Thesestarsvastlyoutnumbertheotherstarsinagivengalaxy.Theamountof“intergalacticrainfall”intosomeofthesegalaxieshasbeenenoughtodoubletheirmassinthetimesincetheyformed.Scientistshavebeguntosuspectthatthisintergalacticgasisprobablyamixtureofgasesleftoverfromthe“bigbang”whenthegalaxieswereformedandgaswasforcedoutofgalaxiesbysupernovaexplosions.

Itiswellknownthatwhengasiscooledataconstantpressureitsvolumedecreases.Thus,thephysicistFabianreasonedthatasintergalacticgascools,thecoolergasshrinksinwardtowardthecenterofthegalaxy.Meanwhileitsplaceistakenbyhotterintergalacticgasfromfartheroutontheedgeofthegalaxy,whichcoolsasitiscompressedandflowsintothegalaxy.Thenetresultisacontinuousflowofgas,startingashotgasesinintergalacticspaceandendingasadrizzleofcoolgascalleda“coolingflow,”fallingintothecentralgalaxy.Afairlyhereticalideainthe1970’s,thecooling-flowtheorygainedsupportwhenFabianobservedaclusterofgalaxiesintheconstellationPerseusandfoundthecentralgalaxy,NGC1275,tobeastrange-lookingobjectwithirregular,thinstrandsofgasradiatingfromit.Accordingtopreviousspeculation,thesestrandsweregasesthathadbeenblownoutbyanexplosioninthegalaxy.Fabian,however,disagreed.BecausethestrandsofgasradiatingfromNGC1275arevisibleinopticalphotographs,Fabiansuggestedthatsuchstrandsconsistednotofgasblownoutofthegalaxybutofcoolingflowsofgasstreaminginward.Henotedthatthewavelengthsoftheradiationemittedbyagaswouldchangeasthegascooled,sothatasthegasflowedintothegalaxyandbecamecooler,itwouldemitnotx-rays,butvisiblelight,likethatwhichwascapturedinthephotographs.Fabian’shypothesiswassupportedbyCanizares’determinationin1982thatmostofthegasinthePerseusclusterwasatatemperatureof80milliondegreesKelvin,whereasthegasimmediatelysurroundingNGC1275(thesubjectofthephotographs)wasatone-tenththistemperature.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,ifFabianiscorrect,gasintheperipheralregionsofagalaxycluster______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,Fabianbelievesthatgasflowingintoacentralgalaxyhaswhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?

4.TheauthorofthepassageprobablymentionsCanizares’determinationinorderto______.

问题1选项

A.illustrateahypothesisabouttheoriginofgalaxies

B.provideevidencetodisputeanacceptedtheoryabouttheevolutionofgalaxies

C.summarizethestateofandprospectsforresearchinintergalacticastronomy

D.reconcileopposingviewsontheformationofintergalacticgas

问题2选项

A.streamsoutwardintointergalacticspace

B.iscomposedprimarilyofgasleftoverfromthebigbang

C.ishotterthangasinthecentralregionsofthegalaxy

D.expandstoincreasethesizeofthegalaxy

问题3选项

A.Itisone-tenthhotterthanitwasintheouterregionsofthegalaxycluster.

B.Itemitsradiationwithwavelengthsthatchangeasthegasmovestowardthecenterofthegalaxy.

C.Thetotalamountofradiationemitteddiminishesasthegascools.

D.Itcondensesataratemuchslowerthantherateofdecreaseintemperatureasthegasflowsinward.

问题4选项

A.clarifyanambiguityinFabian’sresearchfindings

B.illustrateageneralizationaboutthetemperatureofgasinagalaxycluster

C.introduceanewargumentinsupportoftheorthodoxviewofgalaxies

D.providesupportforFabian’sassertionsaboutthePerseusgalaxies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文章的主要目的是……”。文章的第一段提出了不同的宇宙的正统观点并做了初步介绍：Thisorthodoxviewoftheuniverseisnowbeingchallengedbyastronomerswhobelievethataheavy“rain”ofgasisfallingintomanygalaxiesfromthesupposedlyemptyspacearoundthem.（这种关于宇宙的正统观点现在正受到天文学家的挑战，他们认为一场巨大的气体“雨”正从许多星系周围的所谓真空落入它们）；接着第二段就围绕具体的内容展开阐述，提出了不同天文学家的不同的看法；由此可以推知文章的目的是为反驳关于星系进化的被接受的理论提供证据，B项“提供证据来争论关于星系演化的公认理论”符合题意；A项“举例说明一个关于星系起源的假说”和D项“调和关于星系间气体形成的不同观点”只是文章其中的一部分；C项“综述了星系间天文学的研究现状和前景”，文中没有提到天文学的研究现状和前景。因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从这篇文章中可以推断出，如果Fabian是正确的，在一个星系团的外围区域的气体……”。根据第二段的第二句和第三句Thus,thephysicistFabianreasonedthatasintergalacticgascools,thecoolergasshrinksinwardtowardthecenterofthegalaxy.Meanwhileitsplaceistakenbyhotterintergalacticgasfromfartheroutontheedgeofthegalaxy,whichcoolsasitiscompressedandflowsintothegalaxy.（因此，物理学家Fabian推断，当星系间气体冷却时，冷却的气体会向星系中心收缩。与此同时，它的位置被来自更远星系边缘的较热的气体所取代，这些气体冷却和压缩并流入星系。）可知，Fabian认为一个星系团的外围区域的气体要比星系中心热，C项“比星系中心区域的气体还要热”正确；A项“流向星系间的空间”，这是当星系间气体冷却时，冷却的气体会流向星系中心，题干问的是星系团的外围气体；B项“主要是由大爆炸留下的气体组成”和D项“扩大增加了星系的体积”没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，Fabian认为流入中央星系的气体具有以下哪一个特征？”。由第二段倒数第二句Henotedthatthewavelengthsoftheradiationemittedbyagaswouldchangeasthegascooled,sothatasthegasflowedintothegalaxyandbecamecooler,itwouldemitnotx-rays,butvisiblelight,likethatwhichwascapturedinthephotographs.（Fabian指出，随着气体冷却，气体发出的辐射波长会发生变化，因此当气体流入星系并变得更冷时，它不会发出x射线，而是发出可见光，就像照片中捕捉到的那样）可知，Fabian认为流入中央星系的气体发出的辐射波长会随着气体向星系中心移动而发生变化，B项“它发出的辐射波长随着气体向星系中心移动而变化”正确；由第二段最后一句Fabian’shypothesiswassupportedbyCanizares’determinationin1982thatmostofthegasinthePerseusclusterwasatatemperatureof80milliondegreesKelvin,whereasthegasimmediatelysurroundingNGC1275(thesubjectofthephotographs)wasatone-tenththistemperature.（Fabian的假设得到了1982年Canizares的支持，即英仙座星系团的大部分气体温度为8000万开氏度，而紧邻NGC1275的气体温度仅为这个温度的十分之一）可知，星系团外围区域的温度仅为星系团温度的十分之一，A项“它比星系团外围区域的温度高十分之一”错误；C项“随着气体冷却，放射出的辐射总量减少”，文中没有提到发出的辐射量是增多还是减少；D项“当气体向内流动时，它冷凝的速度比温度下降的速度要慢得多”没提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章的作者提到Canizares的决定可能是为了……”。第二段最后一句提到Fabian’shypothesiswassupportedbyCanizares’determinationin1982thatmostofthegasinthePerseusclusterwasatatemperatureof80milliondegreesKelvin,whereasthegasimmediatelysurroundingNGC1275(thesubjectofthephotographs)wasatone-tenththistemperature.（Fabian的假设得到了1982年Canizares的支持，即英仙座星系团的大部分气体温度为8000万开氏度，而紧邻NGC1275的气体温度仅为这个温度的十分之一），可推知作者提到Canizares的决定是为了对Fabian关于英仙座星系的断言提供支持，D项“为Fabian关于英仙座星系的断言提供支持”符合题意；A项“澄清Fabian研究结果中的一个歧义”，文中没有提到歧义；B项“举例说明一个关于星系团中气体温度的概括”并不是文章提到Canizares的目的；C项“引入一个新的论点来支持正统的星系观点”，文章在这里是用来支持Fabian的假设，而非正统的星系观点。因此，该题选择D项正确。

10.单选题

ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenapreviousrecordorperformanceissurpassed.

问题1选项

A.exceededt

B.matchedt

C.maintainedt

D.announced

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。surpass表示“超越，胜过”；A项exceed“超过”，B项match“相配，比得上”，C项maintain“维持，主张”，D项announce“宣布”。句意：在奥运会上，当以前的记录或成绩被超越时，总是令人激动不已。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

11.单选题

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词同义辨析。A选项complicated“难懂的，复杂的”；B选项inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合逻辑的”；C选项fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D选项blatant“喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的”。句意：新手作家时常拥有的一个错误想法是句子结构反映想法，即结构越复杂，那么想法也就越复杂。根据句意判断出A选项正确。

12.单选题

Inthenewageofemployment,NewZealandexecutiveswithskillstosellareincreasinglycreatingtheirownfuture.Inpracticalterms,thismeansthatcomplains,whichexpecttheirstafftogivetheirsoultothecompany,maybedisappointed.New-ageexecutiveswanttobethekeeperoftheirownsouls.Enlightenedchiefexecutivesknowthatexecutiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohaveinthecompany.

Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies.Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed.Therewillbeaskillshortageinmanycountriesinthenextcentury.Thepeoplewithskillsthatcompaniesneedarelookingforanenjoyableworkingenvironmentthatrecognizesthewholeperson.Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing.

Theimplicationsformanagementstylesareprofound.Tomorrow’sexecutiveswillbenotonproductivity,coldonarbitraryworkpatterns.Forthenewbreed,a70-hourworkingweekisn’tsomethingtoboastabout,ifit’sanadmissionoflousytimemanagement.Executivesrecruitmentagenciesreportthatmoreandmorepeopleareaskingfirstabouttheflexibilityofthecompany’sworkingarrangementsandonlysecondaboutsalarypackages.Thesalarypackagewasn'tunimportantbutcamewellbehindwhatmightbecalledthewholedetailsofthejob.Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty.Becausetheylovetheirwork,theydevelopaverystrongtiewiththeircompany.Inreturn,thisaddsuptothecreationofanenvironment,whichnotonlyattractsstaffbutkeepsthem,too.

Furthermore,manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace.Best-sellingbooksbyDr.Dyerhaveencouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill.

1.Executiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohavethecompanybecause（

）.

2.Thecompanyispopularifithas

（

）.

3.WhichisNOTtrueaboutbalancedemployment?

4.Thesentence“Manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace”(Para.4)means

（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.employeesthemselveswilldecidewhichcompanytochoose

B.thebestpeopledon’twanttodevotethemselvescompletelytothecompany

C.thebestpeopledon’tliketostayinaplaceforalongtime

D.thebestpeoplelookdownuponthelessqualified

问题2选项

A.arbitraryworkpatterns

B.lousymanagement

C.flexibleworkingenvironment

D.busytimeschedule

问题3选项

A.Thenumbersofemployersandemployeesareproportional

B.Employeeswillenjoymorefreedom

C.Itisastandardbywhichfutureemployeesjudgecompanies

D.Companieswillcreateenvironmentattractivetotheemployees

问题4选项

A.theycarryouthumanetreatment

B.theyencourageemployeestoworkhard

C.theyplayaroleincorporatemill

D.theytakeindividualemployeesasdominantfactor

问题5选项

A.Employeesdecidetochooseworkattheirownwill.

B.Loyaltyisessentialtoacompany.

C.Prospectiveemployeespreferfavorableenvironment.

D.Companieshavecreatedattractiveenvironment.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.考察判断推理。文章第二段倒数第一二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing提到员工们要的是自由，希望有节假日来做自己的事情。选项B符合题意。

2..考察细节事实。文章第二段提到，未来的公司为了吸引有技能的人前来就业，需要创造出更好的环境。员工最在乎的不是工资而是自己能否有足够的假期来做自己的事情。文章第三段也提到相对自用的工作环境能够让员工对公司更加忠诚（Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty）。选项C符合题意。

3.考察细节事实。根据文章第二段第一句Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies可以排除选项C；根据倒数第二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom可以排除选项B；根据第二句Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed排除选项D。所以选项A符合题意。

4.考察判断推理。题干的意思是“制造商应该把人性设置在工作场所”。文章提到了员工现在更加看中的是freedom而不是把报酬放在第一位，他们希望有自己的时间来做自己的事情，文章最后一段最后一句encouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill提到这位博士鼓励员工多去为自己想想而不是成为一个工作的机器，也就是说公司应该把员工放在主要位置。选项D符合题意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章主要讲述了员工对于未来工作环境的要求。他们不再把工资报酬放在第一位，而是要有灵活的工作时间，有假期来做自己的事情，而不再是做一个工作的机器。选项C符合题意。

13.翻译题

1.名声、财产和权力等都是身外之物，人人都可求而得之，但没有人能够代替你感受人生。

2.警方提醒乘客，不要将钱和贵重物品放在提包里，以防被盗。

3.虽然知道获胜的可能性不大，但比赛失败后，我们多少还是有点沮丧。

4.Ineffect,theyagreedtotheviewthattheverychangeinlawbringsaboutachangeinthenatureofsocietyandhumanrelationshipswithinit.

5.Theprofessordefinitelywillnotagreewiththepointthatthetranslationamountedtolittlemorethanlookingupwordsindictionaries.

【答案】1.Fame,propertyandpowerareallworldlypossessions,andeverybodycanstriveforthem.Butnoonecouldreplaceyoutoexperiencethelife.

2.Thepolicewarnedthepassengersagainstputtingmoneyandpreciousthingsinbagsincasetheyshouldbestolen.

3.Thoughweknewthatourchancestowinwereslim,weweremoreorlessdepressedwhenwelostthegame.

4.实际上，他们同意正是法律的改变引起社会性质和社会人际关系的改变这一观点。

5.这位教授肯定不会同意翻译基本是在词典里查生词的观点。

14.单选题

Shecutherhairshortandtriedto____herselfasaman.

问题1选项

A.decorate

B.disguise

C.fabricate

D.fake

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.decorate装饰；装潢B.disguise假扮；装扮；伪装

C.fabricate编造；捏造D.fake伪造；冒充

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：她把头发剪短，试图……成男人。根据句意，她把头发剪短目的是伪装成男人的样子。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项decorate“装饰；装潢”，不符合语境；

C选项fabricate“编造；捏造”，指捏造虚假信息以欺骗他人，题目中指的是改变造型而不是捏造虚假信息；

D选项fake“伪造；冒充”，指使假的看起来是真的，尤指为了欺骗某人，题目说的是女人把头发剪短假扮男人，并不是使假的看起来是真的，且这里不存在欺骗的意思，因此该选项不符合语境。

【句意】她把头发剪短，试图化装成男人。

15.单选题

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

问题2选项

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

问题3选项

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

问题4选项

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

问题5选项

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他们的志向是什么，几乎在所有事情上都会做得更好。”选项C符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据时间点“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年，越来越多的研究表明，我们对相貌平平的偏见比以往任何时候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力决定一切。”选项A在文中没有提及；选项C相对于选项B和D来说更加准确，因此本题选C。

3.判断推理题。根据关键词“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新闻周刊》调查了202名企业人事部经理，从人力资源的员工到高级副总裁，以及964名公众，只是为了确认不合格员工想要承认的事情：从招聘到办公室争斗再到晋升，实际上，看上去不错不再是我们认为无价值的或者无用的而不予考虑。”选项A和B在文中没有提及；选项D明显错误；所以只有选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的职业女性已经实现了“平等”：她们在劳动力中占据优势；她们是家庭的经济支柱；她们因为不得不颠覆性别而畏畏缩缩，不管是在会议室还是在海滩上。”也就是说，她们是不愿意颠覆自己的性别的。选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她们被认为太女性化、不够聪明、不够能干——不仅是男性，她们的女性同龄人也这么认为。”选项C符合原文。

16.单选题

The_______actionofthepolicemensavedthepeopleinthehousefrombeingburnt.

问题1选项

A.supreme

B.significant

C.prompt

D.vital

【答案】C

【解析】supreme最高的,至高的;significant重大的,有意义的;prompt及时的,迅速的;vital至关重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施,使得房子里的人免于烧伤。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

Aroundtwominutesafterlaunch,theboostersoneithersideoftheshuttlewillfallaway,followedshortlyafterwardsbythegiantexternalfueltank______tothespaceship.

问题1选项

A.clasped

B.strapped

C.hindered

D.clustered

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.clasped握紧；扣紧B.strapped用带子系（或捆、扎、扣）好

C.hindered阻碍；妨碍D.clustered群聚；聚集

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词thegiantexternalfueltank（巨大外部燃料箱）和spaceship（飞船），结合常识可知，燃料箱是紧紧固定在飞船上的，故空格处表示“固定”符合句意，B项词义符合该意思，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】发射大约两分钟后，航天飞机两侧的助推器将脱落，紧随其后的是固定在飞船上的巨大外部燃料箱。

18.单选题

I’veheardthesaying,“Thebestgiftparentscanevergivetotheirchildrenistoloveeachother.”

I’vehadthepleasureofwitnessingthetruthofthisstatementforover40years.FromasfarbackasIcanremembermyMomandDadwereateam,agreatpartnership.Theyweremorethanjustapartnership.Itwasasiftheywereoneperson.

Sure,theyargued,buttherewasneveranydoubtinourmindsthatanydisagreementswouldbeworkedthroughandresolved.MomandDadbegantheirmarriedlifepoor,buttheyworkedhardand,overtheyears,builtaverysuccessfulbusiness.Theyeachhadtheirstrengthsandweaknesses,butthewaytheyworkedtogether,youneversawtheweaknesses,justthestrengths.

Dadwastheoutgoing,morepublicpersonwithwhompeoplemetandfellinlovewithrightaway.EveryoneknewDad!Then,whentheygottomeetMom,theyfelttheexactsamewayaboutheraswell.Mom,althoughnotatallshy,wasmorecomfortablebeingthepersonbehindthescenes.Moredetailoriented,sheranthebooksand,accordingtoDad,wastheonewhoreallymadethebusinesswork.

Thebiggestlessonaboutloveandmarriagethatmymomanddadtaughtuskidswashowtotalkaboutyourspouse.Haveyoueverheardhusbandsandwives,whenspeakingtoothers,makeunkindremarksabouttheirspouses?It’soneofthosethingspeoplejustseemtodo.Sure,they’re“onlykidding”ormaybetheyarenot.Butwordsmatter.Andwordsteach,whetherpositivelyornegatively.

Youwouldneverhearsuchathingfrommymomanddad.DadalwaysspeaksofMominthemostcomplimentary,glowingterms.Asdoessheofhim.Thislessonmadesuchanimpressiononme.IstillrememberwhenIwasage12andweweregettingcarpetinstalledinourhome.Thecrewbosswasoneofthosestereotypicalbeerguzzling,hard-livingguys,whowouldhaveprobablybelongedtoRalphKramden’sRaccoonLodgefromtheoldHoneymooner’sTVshow.Forlunch,myfolksboughtpizzaforthecrew.Dadwenttotalkwiththebossaboutthejob.Iwasaroundthecomerlistening.

Thebosssaid,“Thisisanexpensivejob.Womenwillreallyspendyourmoney,won’tthey?”Dadresponded,“Well,I’lltellyou,whentheywererighttherewithyoubeforeyouhadanymoney,it’sapleasuretodoanythingforthemyoupossiblycan.”

Thiswasn’ttheanswerthecarpetinstallerexpectedtohear.Hewaslookingfornegativebanteraboutwiveswhich,tohim,wasnatural.Hetriedagain:“But,gee,they’llreallyplayoffthatandspendalltheycan,won’tthey?”Dadreplied,asIknewhewould,“Hey,whenthey’rethereasonyou’resuccessful,youwantthemtodothethingstheyenjoy.There’snogreaterpleasure.”

Thecrewbosstriedonemoretime.Andthey’lltakethatasfarastheycan,huh?Dadresponded.“She’sthebestthingthateverhappenedtome.I’ddoanythingtomakeherhappy.”

Iwastryingnottolaugh.IknewhewantedDadtogiveinjustalittlebitandsay,“Yeah，Iguessthat’strue.Butitwouldn’thappen...notinamillio