考研考博-英语-北京服装学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京服装学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand（

）hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

问题1选项

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。transform“改变，使…变形”；transport“运输，运送”；transplant“移植，迁移”；transcend“胜过”。句意：Black夫人发现每当她弹钢琴，她的钢琴就有将自己带离日常生活的糟糕现实并且将她带到自己拥有的乐园的魔力。由takingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylife及tofairyland可知“将Black夫人从糟糕的现实运送到乐园”符合逻辑，答案B

2.单选题

Thenumberoffemalebossesoflargefirmsremainsstubbornlysmall.NotsingleoneonFrance’sCAC40shareindexoronGermany'sDAXindexisrunbyawoman.InAmerica，only15chiefexecutivesofFortune500companiesarewomen.Britaindoesbetter,butnotmuch:fiveoftheFTSE-100firmshavefemalebosses.

OnJuly6ththeEuropeanParliamentpassedaresolutioncallingforEU-widelegislationstipulatingthatatleast40%ofseatsonlistedcompanies’supervisoryboardswillbereservedforwomenby2020.Thisdoesnotobligememberstatestodoanything,butitreflectsaspreadingmood.TheGermangovernmentisconsideringwhethertoimposequotas.Americaisnot,butnewrulesfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwillrequirefirmstorevealwhat,ifanything,theyaredoingtoincreasediversityatthetoptable.

VivianeReding,theEUcommissionerforjustice,arguesthatcompulsionistheonlywaytoovercomeentrencheddiscrimination.InMarch,sheposteda“WomenontheBoardPledgeforEurope”onherwebsite.Onlysevencompanieshavesignedupsofar.

Thereisapowerfulbusinesscaseforhiringmorewomentoruncompanies.Theyaremorelikelytounderstandthetastesandaspirationsofthelargestgroupofconsumersintheworld,namelywomen.Theyrepresentanunderfishedpooloftalent.McKinsey,aconsultancy,recentlylookedat89listedcompaniesinEuropewithaveryhighproportionofwomeninseniormanagementpostsandcomparedtheirfinancialperformancewiththeaverageforfirmsinthesameindustry.Itfoundthatthesefirmsenjoyedahigherreturnonequity,fatteroperatingprofitsandamorebuoyantshareprice.Theauthorsdescribedthecorrelationbetweenpromotingwomenanddoingwellas“striking”，thoughtheyadmittedthattheycouldnotprovewhatwascausingwhat.Itispossiblethatfirmsthatarealreadydoingwelltendtohiremorefemaledirectors.Ontheotherhand,astudybyAmyDittmarandKennethAhemoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatfirmsthatwereforcedtoincreasetheshareofwomenontheirboardsbymorethantenpercentagepointssawonemeasureofcorporatevalue(theratioofmarketcapitalizationtothereplacementvalueofassets,knownasTobin’sQ)fallby18%.

Ifquotasaren’ttheanswer,whatis?Thequestionisfiendishlycomplex.Inmostrichcountries,womendoaswellasmenorevenbetteratschoolanduniversity.InAmerica,mostnewmaster’sdegreesareawardedtowomen.Womenalsoholdmorethanhalfoftheentry-leveljobsatAmericanblue-chipcompanies.

Butcorporatewomenstarttofallbehindtheirmalepeersrightfromthebeginning.Theyarelessaggressivethanmenwhennegotiatingtheirfirstsalaryandeverysubsequentpayrise.LindaBabcockofCarnegieMellonUniversityfoundthathermalegraduatestudentssecuredstartingsalaries7.6%higherthanherfemalegraduatestudents.Ingeneral,menarefourtimesmorelikelytoaskforapayrisethanwomenare.Compoundedovertime,thismakesahugedifference.

Thehigheryougazeupthecorporateladder,thefewerwomenyousee.AccordingtoCatalyst,aresearcherinNewYork,womenare37%ofthemiddlemanagersinbigAmericanfirms,28%oftheseniormanagersandamere14%ofexecutive-committeemembers.

Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.

Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.Partlybecauseitissotrickytojugglekidsandacareer,manyhighlyablewomenoptforjobswithpredictablehours,suchashumanresourcesoraccounting.Theyalsogravitatetowardsfieldswheretheirskillsarelesslikelytobecomeobsoleteiftheytakeacareerbreak,whichisperhapsonereasonwhynearlytwo-thirdsofnewAmericanlawgraduatesarefemalebutonly18%ofengineers.

Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.Crechesandnurseriesarcsubsidized.Stateschoolswillhangontothelittlemonsterswellintotheevening.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.

Womenbringuniquestrengthstoacompany,reckonsLisaGersh,thebossofMarthaStewartLivingOmnimedia,amerchandisingandmediafirmfoundedbyalifestyleguru.Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainfocusofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Allofthefollowingarebelievedtoaccountforthedisproportionaterepresentationofwomenin

businesstopEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofcareerwomenaccordingtothepassage?

5.Tohighlighthis/herpointsandconvincethereaders,theauthorofthispassagemainlyrelieson

（）.

问题1选项

A.Thedilemmaofbusinesswomen.

B.Thediscriminationagainstwomeninthefieldofbusiness.

C.Theconcernaboutthefactthattopwomenexecutivesaresofewandwhyitisso

D.Howtoeradicatethediscriminationagainstwomeninbusinessandtheeffect

问题2选项

A.ScandinaviancountriesaremoreegalitarianandfemininethanBritainandUSA

B.Peopleunanimouslywelcomethequotassystemtoincorporatemorewomenintotheboardroom.

C.Womenwhobenefitfromquotaspracticeinvariablypromotethedevelopmentoftheirbusinesses.

D.Americanwomenareingeneralthebesteducatedandalsothemostequallytreatedinbusiness.

问题3选项

A.Womenareheldbackbythedilemmaofdealingwithfamilyandwork.

B.Thepowerfulbackersavailabletosuccessfulmenaredeniedofwomen.

C.Womendon’tenjoythesameopportunityforbettereducationthanmen

D.Womenarelessaggressiveandlagbehindtheircounterpartsfromtheverybeginningoftheircareer. 

问题4选项

A.Cooperative

B.Multitasking

C.Efficient

D.flextime

问题5选项

A.dataandfigures

B.personalexperiences

C.assertionsbasedonpersonalobservations

D.appealingtoreaders’sentimentsandemotions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要提出了高级女主管很少的现象，并且对此分析了原因。

2.推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.一些政府努力帮助女性把事业和家庭结合起来。法国和斯堪的纳维亚国家帮助儿童保育。这与美国和英国的学校形成了鲜明的对比，美国和英国的学校在一个成年人的工作日结束之前就把他们赶出去了。美国的父母还必须为成年人安排超短的假期，为孩子安排长得荒唐的假期。”可知法国和斯堪的纳维亚国家比英国和美国更加平等，更加重视女性，故A项正确。

3.细节事实题。由倒数第四段及第三段“Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.在企业界，赞助和晋升的工作方式可能不利于女性。西尔维亚•安•休利特(SylviaAnnHewlett)是《哈佛商业评论》(HarvardBusinessReview)的一篇报告《赞助商效应》(theSponsorEffect)的作者，她认为，几乎所有升到高层的高管都有一个强有力的支持者。然而，女性往往无法培养出休利特所说的“关系资本”。他们不愿寻求帮助，担心会显得咄咄逼人。还有很多人担心与男同事的亲密关系会引发流言蜚语。毫无疑问，所有这些都发挥了作用。但让更多女性进入董事会的一个更大障碍是，太多女性难以平衡工作和家庭。可知ABD项在文中都有提及，故C项正确。

4.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.她们比男性更善于合作，Gersh女士说，而且更擅长多任务处理。那些有孩子的人很快就会变得有效率。她们知道她们必须在特定的时间回家。”可知职业女性的优势是善于合作，能够处理许多任务，并且高效。故答案D。

5.推理判断题。全文通过一些数据来分析女性高管少的现象及原因。故A项正确。

3.单选题

Shecannotfindherdictionarynow.Ithinkthatshe____itintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.hastoleave

B.musthaveleft

C.left

D.willleave

【答案】C

【解析】考查过去时态。根据句意：她现在找不到字典了。我想她把它Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE____

教室里了。应用过去时，故只有C符合。

4.单选题

Theyoungwoman’sheartrevoltedagainstso（）acharge,andwhenshesawthatshecouldattempttodonothingtosaveherprotector,sheweptbitterly.

问题1选项

A.blessed

B.monstrous

C.heinous

D.grievous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:年轻的夫人坚决地抗议这种污蔑。当她发现自己无力拯救保护人吋，便痛苦地哭泣起来。

考查形容词辨析。blessed幸福的，受祝福的，神圣的;monstrous巨大的，怪异的；heinous极恶毒的，道德败坏的，可恨的；grievous痛苦的，剧烈的。因此C符合句意。

5.单选题

Becauseofhis（

）,hewasdischargedfromhispositionasfamilychauffer.

问题1选项

A.inebriety

B.sophist

C.stratum

D.fresco

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。inebriety“醉癖”；sophist“诡辩家；学者”；stratum“社会阶层”；fresco“壁画”。句意：由于他经常醉酒，他不允许进入厨房。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Havinga(n)（

）attitudetowardspeoplewithdifferentideasisanindicationthatonehasbeenwelleducated.

问题1选项

A.tolerant

B.analytical

C.bearable

D.elastic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。tolerant“宽容的，容忍的”；analytical“分析的，解析的”；bearable“可忍受的，支持得住的”；elastic“有弹性的，灵活的，易伸缩的”。根据句意“____对待持有不同观点人是一种受过良好教育的表现”，C选项的bearable是被迫容忍，tolerant是主动容忍，显然，选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Thesedifficultiesshouldnothinderus[A]fromestablishingnormalstaterelations,[B]stillless[C]theyshouldleadto[D]war.

问题1选项

A.fromestablishing

B.stillless

C.theyshould

D.war

【答案】C

【解析】【答案】C

【考查点】倒装句。

【解题思路】否定词less置于句首，句子使用部分倒装，谓语动词把情态动词或助动词放在主语之前，因此，这里要将C选项改为shouldthey。

【句意】这些困难不应妨碍我们建立正常的国家关系，更不应导致战争。

8.单选题

Atthedrugstore,thepharmacistrefusedtogivemeanymedicinebecauseshecouldnotread（）.

问题1选项

A.description

B.prescription

C.inscription

D.subscription

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:description“描绘，描述”；B:prescription“处方（医生开出的）”；C:inscription“铸币上的刻印文字，铭文，碑文”；D:subscription“统一，赞成，订阅”。句意：在药房，医师拒绝卖给我任何的药物，因为她无法辨认医生的处方。由句意可知B为正确答案。

9.单选题

By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfootprints,estimatedthatinMay1972onlyabout1,800tigersexistedinIndia.ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.

TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.Atigermarkstheboundariesofitsterritoriesbysprayingurineandotherbodilyliquidsonbushes.Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.Tigersfighttodeathonlywhenatigressisdefendingheryoung,orwhenatigerisguardingatigressfromtheattentionsofothermales.

Thepopularimageofthetigeristhatofamercilessandunconquerablehunter.Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.

FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.Ithasenabledthetigerpopulationtodouble(bymid-80’s),butIndia’shumanpopulationhasalsogrownoutofcontrol.Currentlyitis750millionandlikelytobe900millionbytheendofthecentury.Landproblemisbecomingseriousandmanyruralpeoplefeelbitteraboutthefactthatsomerichforestsarereservedfortigers.Agrowingnumberofattacksbytigersonmanhasaddedtothehostility.

21.TheultimateaimofProjectTigeristo______.

22.Studieshaveshownthat______.

23.Accordingtothepassage,atiger’sterritory______.

24.SomepeopleareafraidthatProjectTiger______.

25.Theauthorseems______.

问题1选项

A.studythegrowthrateoftigers

B.protecttigersfrombeingkilled

C.promotethebreedingofyoungtigers

D.analyzethebehavioralpatternsoftigers

问题2选项

A.atigressneverattacksuntilattacked

B.thetigressisnotasfierceasthetigers

C.atigerusuallyfightsanothertigertodefenditsownterritory

D.thetigerisnotanefficienthunterasiscommonlydescribed

问题3选项

A.remainsunchanged

B.isoftendefendedbytigresses

C.expandsasthetigergrowsup

D.isthecauseofmostfights

问题4选项

A.hasbeencarriedtoofar

B.hasnotreceivedenoughattention

C.hasfailedtoachieveitsgoal

D.isnotworththemoneyspentonit

问题5选项

A.tobeenthusiasticaboutProjectTiger

B.tohaveamatter-of-factattitudetowardsProjectTiger

C.tohaveahostileattitudetowardsProjectTiger

D.tobesatisfiedwithProjectTiger

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“老虎计划的最终目标是……”。定位文章第一段，该段讲述了老虎数量锐减，最后提到ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.（世界自然基金会资助的老虎项目立即启动。建立了9个老虎保护区，有武装警卫保护它们。），可推知老虎被捕杀是其数量剧减的根本原因，因此使老虎免于被杀是野生动物保护基金会的最终目的。B项“保护老虎不被杀害”正确。A项“研究老虎的生长速度”和C项“促进幼虎的繁殖”没提到，属于无中生有。D项“分析老虎的行为模式”在第二段有提及，定位第一句TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.（该项目为来自印度和国外的研究人员提供了研究保护区老虎的机会，并收集了以前无法获得的关于老虎习性的信息）可知，该项并不是这个老虎项目的目标，而是其有利之处，属于张冠李戴。因此，该题选择B项。

22.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“研究表明……”。定位第三段第二句Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.（但研究表明老虎捕捉猎物的成功率仅为1/20）可知，老虎捕捉猎物的成功率很低，所以D项“老虎并不是通常所说的高效的猎手”正确。A项“母老虎在受到攻击之前从不攻击”和B项“母老虎不像其他老虎那样凶猛”没有提到，属于无中生有。定位第二段倒数第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它会根据其他老虎独特的身体气味，尽量避免争夺地盘）可知，C项“一只老虎通常与另一只老虎搏斗以保卫自己的领土”与原文相反，属于反向干扰。因此，该题选择D项。

23.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“根据文章，老虎的领地……”。定位第二段第二句Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.（研究表明，根据年龄、体型和力量，雄性老虎可以控制10到20平方公里的狩猎区域），以及第三句Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.（雄虎的领地包括三到四只雌虎的小领地）可知，一头雄老虎依年龄、体型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩猎领地，随着老虎的长大，其体型及力量都在增大，其占领的狩猎领地的面积自然也就增大，C项“随着老虎的成长而扩大”正确。A项“保持不变”与原文相反，属于反向干扰。B项“通常由母老虎保护”没有提到，属于无中生有。定位第二段倒数第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它会根据其他老虎独特的身体气味，尽量避免争夺地盘）可知，D项“是大多数打架的原因”也是反向干扰。因此，该题选择C项。

24.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“有些人害怕老虎计划……”。定位最后一段第一句FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.（最近人们开始担心“老虎计划”太成功了），toosuccessful与A项中的carriedtoofar是同样的意思，所以A项“做得太过火”正确。B项“没有得到足够的重视”和C项“没有实现它的目标”与原文相反，属于反向干扰。D项“不值得花这么多钱”没提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择A项。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者看起来……”。纵观全文，作者对于老虎保护项目没有加入个人的主观色彩，也没有描述主观情感的词语，所以他持的是一种客观的态度。B项“对老虎计划采取实事求是的态度”符合题意。A项“对老虎计划充满热情”、C项“对老虎计划持敌对态度”和D项“对老虎计划感到满意”都是曲解原文。因此，该题选择B项。

10.单选题

Improvedconsumerconfidenceis______toaneconomicrecovery.

问题1选项

A.crucial

B.subordinate

C.cumulative

D.satisfactory

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.crucial至关重要的，关键性的B.subordinate隶属的，从属的

C.cumulative（在力量或重要性方面）聚积的，积累的D.satisfactory令人满意的，够好的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“消费者信心的增强对经济复苏______”可知，空格处表示“至关重要的”符合句意。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】消费者信心的增强对经济复苏至关重要。

11.单选题

Ihavedone,______mycircumstancesandmycharacter,whatIhavebeenabletodoandIhaveenjoyedit.

问题1选项

A.togive

B.giving

C.given

D.havinggiven

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法。give表示“给予”，这里是一个介词引导的原因状语，given做介词可以表示“考虑到，鉴于”，作原因状语；因此排除B项give的现在分词和D项give的现在完成时的分词形式；A项动词不定式表目的；句意：考虑到我的情况和我的性格，我做了我能做的，我也很享受所做的一切。因此C项正确。

12.单选题

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（

）tohisincome.

问题1选项

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】短语辨析。句意:与收入相比，他在假期旅行和奢侈品上的开销太高了。

comparison比较，常用于by/incomparisonwith与...相比较；inproportionto与...成比例；与…相比；association联系，合伙，常用于inassociationwith与..联系；与…合伙；calculation计算。因此B项正确。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphinthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

在中国，笔(brush)、墨(inkstick)、纸、砚(inkslab),就是人们所说的“文房(thestudy)四宝”，在中华文明的传承中起了重要作用。作为文化艺术工具，以其独特性能催生了汉字特有的书法艺术，也促使中国画形成了独特的风格。文房四宝不仅有实用价值，它们本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步成为收藏品。在当今时代，使用笔、墨、纸、砚进行学习和写作的人越来越少了，但是在中国的书法，绘画，收藏以及修身养性活动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。

【答案】InChina,writingbrush,inkstick,paperandinkslab,whatpeoplecall“fourtreasuresofthestudy”，playanimportantroleintheinheritanceofChinesecivilization.Astoolsforcultureandart,the“fourtreasuresofthestudy”,byvirtueoftheiruniqueproperty,promotedtheemergenceofthecalligraphyartpeculiartoChinesecharacter,andChinesepaintinghasalsoformedtheuniquestyle.Inadditiontopracticalvalues,theyarealsotheworksofartforpeopletoviewandadmire,andgraduallybecomecollectionstoday.Incontemporarytimes,thenumberofpeopleusing“fourtreasuresofthestudy”forstudyingandwritinghasbeendecreasing,buttheyarestillplayinganirreplaceableroleintheactivitiesofChinesecalligraphy,painting,collectionandself-cultivation.

14.单选题

Theoldman（）thememoryofhisdeadwife.

问题1选项

A.embraced

B.disclosed

C.cherished

D.stored

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项embrace“拥抱，信奉”；B选项disclose“公开，揭露”；C选项cherish“珍爱”；D想store“贮藏，储存”。cherishthememoryof意为“怀念（某人）”。根据句意“老人怀念他死去的妻子。”所以选项C正确。

15.单选题

The（）ofcomputertechnologyhasledtomajorchangesinoursocialandfamilylife.

问题1选项

A.fraudulence

B.arrival

C.dawn

D.advent

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义解析。fraudulence“欺诈性”；arrival“到达”；dawn“黎明，开端”；advent“到来，出现”。句意：计算机技术的到来对我们的社会和家庭生活带来了主要的影响。选项D符合题意。

16.翻译题

1.Inpresent-daytechnologymanmakestremendousdemandsonthematerialsavailabletohim.Thedemandisnotonlyforhugequantitiesofmaterialssuchastimber,concrete,steelandplasticsforconstructionalpurposes.Itisalsoforsmallerbutcrucialamountsofmaterialswhicharelesseasilyobtainable.Materialssuchasuraniumandtitaniumdonotexistinlargequantitiesbuttheypossessunusualpropertieswhichmakethemessentialforcertainhighlyspecializeduses.

2.Computersareelectronicmachinesforprocessingdata.Dataarepiecesoritemsofinformationthathavebeenproperlypreparedsothatthemachinecanworkwiththem.Processingmeanshandlingormanipulatingthematerialthathasbeenpresentedtothemachineinsuchwaysasperformingcalculations,classifyinginformation,ormakingcomparisons.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.

3.在传统的中国家庭中，成年子女与年长父母生活在一个屋檐下。自1974年中国实行独生子女政策以来，中国家庭经历了许多变化，其中一个变化是核心家庭成为主导。当独生子女因为读大学或结婚而离开家里时，父母才四五十岁，他们比其他国家育有多个子女的父母更早经历空巢综合征。他们忽然感到孤独、悲伤、无用、消沉。

【答案】1.当今的技术人员对可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。这种需求不仅适用于诸如木材、混凝土、钢铁以及用于建筑目的的塑料等数量巨大的材料，也适用于较少但至关重要，且不易获得的材料。铀和钛这样一类材料并不大量存在，但它们具有非凡的特性，这使得它们成为某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。

2.计算机是处理数据的电子机器。数据是已被适当准备好以便机器能够使用的信息片段或项目。加工指的是对呈现在机器上的材料进行处理或操作，如计算、分类或比较。计算机是由数以百万计的电子设备组成的，这些设备可以存储数据或通过具有不同功能的复杂电路以令人难以置信的速度转换数据。

3.InatraditionalChinesefamily,adultchildrenliveunderthesameroofwiththeirolderparents.SinceChinaadoptedtheone-childpolicyin1974,Chinesefamilieshaveundergonemanychanges,oneofwhichisthedominanceofthenuclearfamily.Whenonlychildrenleavehomeforcollegeormarriage,theirparentsareintheir40sor50s,andtheyexperienceempty-nestsyndromeearlierthanparentswithmultiplechildreninothercountries.Theysuddenlyfeellonely,sad,useless,anddepressed.

17.翻译题

如果把电压加到电路的两端，在电路中就会有电流流动。

【答案】Ifthevoltageisappliedtobothendsofthecircuit,therewillbecurrentflowinthecircuit.

18.单选题

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

问题1选项

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词组辨析。inthelightof根据，按照；intheeventof如果……发生；inthefaceof面临，面对；inthecourseof在……过程中。句意：她总是根据自己的经验和原则来处理问题。选项A符合句意。

19.单选题

Heshoutedin________ofthepoliceman’swarningtobequiet.

问题1选项

A.defense

B.defiance

C.attempt

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.defense防御，保卫B.defiance违抗，拒绝服从

C.attempt企图，尝试D.view看法，见解

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】前半句的“shouted（喊叫）”和后半句的“warningtobequiet（保持安静的警告）”形成对比，说明他并没有遵从警察要他安静的警告，也就是说他无视、拒绝服从警察的警告。indefianceof是固定搭配，意为“无视，违抗”，因此B选项defiance“违抗，拒绝服从”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项defense“防御，保卫”，indefenseof指保护某事物免受攻击、批评或为某人辩护，不能和“warning（警告）”进行搭配；

C选项attempt“企图，尝试”，没有相应的搭配用法；

D选项view“看法，见解”，inviewof指鉴于某事物，考虑到某原因，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】他大声喊叫，无视警察要他保持安静的警告。

20.单选题

Onestudyhasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactsareperceivedasmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsiblethan______.

问题1选项

A.thosewhodon’t

B.thosewhoaren’t

C.themwhodidn’t

D.themwhoweren’t

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法。those指代前面的jobapplicants，who引导定语从句，因为避免重复，所以后面略宾语，而用do代替前面的make一词，A项符合句意。B项谓语动词使用错误；C项代词使用错误；D项错误。句意：一项调查发现，那些能有更多目光接触的求职者比没有足够目光接触的求职者被视为更加机智，可靠，自信并且附有责任心。故正确答案为A。

21.单选题

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread（

）lettersfromtheirfamilies.

问题1选项

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】sentimental伤感的，多愁善感的；affectionate深情的，充满爱的；intimate亲密的，精通的；sensitive敏感的，易受伤害的。句意：所有的海上石油探测者读到家人写的充满爱的信时，都会情绪高涨。选项B符合语境。

22.单选题

ThomasPainewascommittedtospeakingthetruthbluntly______.

问题1选项

A.asheunderstoodit

B.hehadunderstanding

C.wasunderstood

D.thathisunderstandingwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法。句子结构完整，所以空格处应该是做修饰的成分。A项as引导方式状语，表示“按照……”，B项本身不符合语法结构；C项不应再出现谓语动词was；D项that在引导一个缺成分的从句，不符合语法结构。句意：托马斯•潘恩(ThomasPaine)致力于直言不讳地说出他所理解的真相。故正确答案为A。

23.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Youareanintelligentandarticulateperson.Youhavenoproblemgivingalucidpresentation,deliveringaneloquentspeechorparticipatinginapoliticaldebate.Youstriveformeaningfulconversationsandhavenopatiencewhatsoeverforsmalltalk.“Theweatherisnice,isn’tit?”Really,whocares?

Althoughseeminglytrivialandsuperficial,smalltalkisthestartingpointofallrelationships.Romancesandfriendshipsbeginwithsmalltalk.Inamorepragmaticlight,youcan’tavoidit.Gettingajob,workingwithcolleagues,winningnewclients—allofitrequiressmalltalk.Americanscallitthe“GiftofGab”.Wanttobesuccessful?You’dbetteracquirethisgift.AnarticleontheForbes,websitelistsafewreasonswhysmalltalkissoimportantforone’scareer.Notonlydoessmalltalkmakeusmorelikeable;inone’scareer,smalltalkisalsoa“freeoption”.

Itcanleadtoahostofoutcomes,fromamerelypleasantexchangetothesigningofamultimilliondollarbusinessdeal,saysthearticle.

Inatimewhereabigpartofourliveshasmovedonline,theartofsmalltalkiselusiveandmysterious.Theawkwardexperienceoffeelinglikeatotaloutsideratasocialfunction,suchasacompanyeventoradinnerparty,issharedbymanyofus.

Badsmalltalkerstendtodominatetheconversation.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheirfavoritetopic,whetherit’sfootballorhowclevertheirkidsare.Theythinktheyarebeingsocialbecausetheyaretalking.Buttheyaretalkingtosomebody,notwithsomeone.Suchpeopleoftengivetheimpressionofbeingself-centeredandinconsiderate.

【答案】你聪明机灵，口齿伶俐。给出清晰的报告、发表滔滔不绝的演讲、参加政治辩论，你无所不能。你在这些有意义的语言会话上花费心思，却对闲聊嗤之以鼻。“今天天气不错，是吧？”说实在的，谁关心呢？

虽然看似琐碎肤浅，但闲聊却是建立一切关系的切入点。爱情和友谊都始于闲聊。更实际一点考虑的话，你不可能避免闲聊。求职、与同事共事、攻下新客户，这些都离不开闲聊。

美国人称之为“能说会道”。你想成功？那么你最好具备这项口才。为了说明闲聊对于个人事业的重要性，《福布斯》网站上的一篇文章给出了一系列解释。闲聊不仅能让我们更讨人喜欢，对于个人事业而言，闲聊也是一种“免费期权”。文章中指出，闲聊能产生一系列的效果，有时不仅仅是一场愉快的交流，甚至还可以达成数百万美元的交易。

在这个生活逐步网络化的吋代，闲聊的艺术不可思议又难以捉摸。我们中的很多人都曾有过在公司活动、宴会等社交场合中上化身“局外人”的尴尬经历。

不抱长闲聊的人往往想要在谈话中占据主动。他们花费过多的时间来谈论喜欢的话题，无论是讨论足球还是夸奖他们的孩子有多么聪颖过人。他们认为滔滔不绝就代表善于交际。但是他们说话的对象是些重要人物，而并非普通人。这样的人通常会给人留下以自我为中心、不替他人着想的印象。

24.单选题

Herfamilytakes（）overherwork.

问题1选项

A.percentage

B.priority

C.perspect

D.preparation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项percentage“百分比；百分率”；B选项priority“优先；优先权”；C选项perspect“专辑名称”；D选项preparation“预备；准备。句意：对她来说，家庭比工作重要。因此B项符合句意，takepriorityoversth.优先考虑，优先于某事。

25.翻译题

Populationgrowthoftenincreasespovertyandcausesmigrationinthesearchfornewfarmland.Inacountrywherearablelandisscarce,poorfarmersareoftenassociatedwithenvironmentaldegradation.Itisestimatedthatabout85percentoftheruralpoorresideindegradedareas.Continuedpopulationgrowthplacesfurtherpressureontheexistingcapacityoftheland,forcingfarmerstocultivatetheircropsinhigherandsteeperareas.Thechallengeistofindsustainableagriculturalproductionsystemsandnonagriculturalstrategiesthatwouldgenerategainfulemploymentandincomefortheruralpoor.

Itiswidelyrecognizedthatpovertyalleviationisimperativeifsustainabilityistobeachieved.Anumberofpoliciesandassociatedpublicexpenditureshavebeendirectedtowardspovertyalleviation,withvaryinglevelsofsuccess.Somepovertyalleviationpoliciesmayhaveanimpactontheenvironmentorcreateanincentivesystemthatworksagainsttheenvironment.Arecentstudyshowedthatgovernmentspendingonroadshashadthebiggestimpactonruralpovertyreduction,andthattheimpactofroadconstructionisalmosttwicethatofgovernmentspendingonagriculturalresearchanddev