考研考博-英语-信阳涉外职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-信阳涉外职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

IsuggestedtheideatotheSalesManager,andhesaidhewould（

）it.

问题1选项

A.lookoutfor

B.lookinto

C.lookthrough

D.lookover

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“留心，提防”；B选项“调查，观察，考虑”；C选项“浏览，温习”；D选项“检查，原谅”。句意：我向销售经理提出一个建议，他说他将（）。这里提出建议，经理肯定是要经过思考看是否可行的，所以答案选B。

2.单选题

Present-dayphilosophersusuallyenvisiontheirdisciplineasanendeavorthathasbeen,sinceantiquity,distinctfromandsuperiortoanyparticularintellectualdiscipline,suchastheologyorscience.Suchphilosophicalconcernsasthemind-bodyproblemor,moregenerally,thenatureofhumanknowledgetheybelieve,arebasichumanquestionswhosetentativephilosophicalsolutionshaveservedasthenecessaryfoundationsonwhichallotherintellectualspeculationhasrested.

Thebasisforthisview,however,liesinaseriousmisinterpretationofthepast,aprojectionofmodernconcernsontopastevents.Theideaofanautonomousdisciplinecalled“philosophy,”distinctfromandsittinginjudgmentonsuchpursuitsastheologyandscienceturnsout,oncloseexamination,tobeofquiterecentorigin.When,intheseventeenthcentury,DescartesandHobbesrejectedmedievalphilosophy,theydidnotthinkofthemselves,asmodernphilosophersdo,asproposinganewandbetterphilosophy,butratherasfurthering“thewarfarebetweenscienceandtheology.”Theywerefighting,albeitdiscreetly,toopentheintellectualworldtothenewscienceandtoliberateintellectuallifefromecclesiasticalphilosophyandenvisionedtheirworkascontributingtothegrowth,notofphilosophy,butofresearchinmathematicsandphysics.Thislinkbetweenphilosophicalinterestsandscientificpracticepersisteduntilthenineteenthcentury,whendeclineinecclesiasticalpoweroverscholarshipandchangesinthenatureofscienceprovokedthefinalseparationofphilosophyfromboth.

Thedemarcationofphilosophyfromsciencewasfacilitatedbythedevelopmentintheearlynineteenthcenturyofanewnotion,thatphilosophy’scoreinterestshouldbeepistemology,thegeneralexplanationofwhatitmeanstoknowsomething.ModernphilosophersnowtracethatnotionbackatleasttoDescartesandSpinoza,butitwasnotexplicitlyarticulateduntilthelateeighteenthcentury,byKant,anddidnotbecomebuiltintothestructureofacademicinstitutionsandthestandardself-descriptionsofphilosophyprofessorsuntilthelatenineteenthcentury.Withouttheideaofepistemology,thesurvivalofphilosophyinanageofmodernscienceishardtoimagine.Metaphysics,philosophy’straditionalcore-consideredasthemostgeneraldescriptionofhowtheheavensandtheearthareputtogether-hadbeenrenderedalmostcompletelymeaninglessbythespectacularprogressofphysics.Kant,however,byfocusingphilosophyontheproblemofknowledge,managedtoreplacemetaphysicswithepistemology,andthustotransformthenotionofphilosophyas“queenofsciences”intothenewnotionofphilosophyasaseparate,foundationaldiscipline.Philosophybecame“primary”nolongerinthesenseof“highest”butinthesenseof“underlying”.AfterKant,philosopherswereabletoreinterpretseventeenth-andeighteenth-centurythinkersasattemptingtodiscover“Howisourknowledgepossible?”andtoprojectthisquestionbackevenontheancients.

31.Accordingtotheauthor,philosophybecamedistinctfromscienceandtheologyduringthe________.

32.TheauthorsuggeststhatDescartes’supportforthenewscienceoftheseventeenthcenturycanbecharacterizedas________.

33.Theauthorofthepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingindiscussingthedevelopmentofphilosophyduringthenineteenthcentury?

34.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthewritingofhistorywouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

35.Theprimaryfunctionofthepassageasawholeisto________.

问题1选项

A.ancienttime

B.medievalperiod

C.seventeenthcentury

D.nineteenthcentury

问题2选项

A.pragmaticandhypocritical

B.cautiousandinconsistent

C.daringandopportunistic

D.strongbutprudent

问题3选项

A.Nineteenthcenturyphilosophytookscienceasitsmodelforunderstandingthebasesofknowledge.

B.Theroleofacademicinstitutionsinshapingmetaphysicalphilosophygrewenormouslyduringthenineteenthcentury.

C.NineteenthcenturyphilosopherscarriedoutaprogramofinvestigationexplicitlylaidoutbyDescartesandSpinoza.

D.Kanthadanoverwhelmingimpactonthedirectionofnineteenthcenturyphilosophy.

问题4选项

A.Historyshouldnotemphasizetheroleplayedbyideasovertheroleplayedbyindividuals.

B.Historyshouldnotbedistortedbyattributingpresentdayconsciousnesstohistoricalfigures.

C.Historyshouldnotbefocusedprimarilyonthosepasteventsmostrelevanttothepresent.

D.Historyshouldbeconcernedwithdescribingthoseaspectsofthepastthatdiffermostfromthoseofthepresent.

问题5选项

A.comparetwocompetingmodels

B.analyzeadifficulttheory

C.presentnewevidenceforatheory

D.correctanerroneousbeliefbydescribingitsorigins

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句Thislinkbetweenphilosophicalinterestsandscientificpracticepersisteduntilthenineteenthcentury,whendeclineinecclesiasticalpoweroverscholarshipandchangesinthenatureofscienceprovokedthefinalseparationofphilosophyfromboth.（这种哲学兴趣和科学实践之间的联系一直持续到19世纪，这时，教会压制学术界的力量的衰退和科学性质的变化导致了哲学与这两者的最终分离。），可知哲学与科学和神学分离是在19世纪，D选项“19世纪”正确，A选项“古代”，B选项“中世纪时期”和C选项“17世纪”错误。因此D选项正确。

32.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Theywerefighting,albeitdiscreetly,toopentheintellectualworldtothenewscienceandtoliberateintellectuallifefromecclesiasticalphilosophy（他们战斗，尽管是谨慎的，是为了向新科学打开思想世界的大门，把思想生活从教会哲学中解放出来。），可知笛卡尔抱着谨慎的态度激烈推进新科学，坚定并满怀热忱，D选项“强有力而谨慎”正确，A选项“务实并虚伪”和B选项“谨慎并矛盾”错误。C选项“大胆并恰到时机”：文章没有提到在此时是什么时机，大环境如何有利于笛卡尔推进新科学，故错误。因此D选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句ModernphilosophersnowtracethatnotionbackatleasttoDescartesandSpinoza,butitwasnotexplicitlyarticulateduntilthelateeighteenthcentury,byKant,anddidnotbecomebuiltintothestructureofacademicinstitutionsandthestandardself-descriptionsofphilosophyprofessorsuntilthelatenineteenthcentury.（现代哲学家现在至少可以回溯到笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎，但直到18世纪末，康德才明确提出了这个概念（认识论），直到19世纪末，它才成为学术机构的结构和哲学教授的标准自我描述。），康德提出的概念在19世纪末成为标准，可见影响力巨大，D选项“康德对十九世纪哲学的发展方向产生了压倒性的影响”正确；B选项“学术机构在塑造形而上学哲学方面的作用在19世纪急剧增长”中没有提到形而上学；C选项“19世纪的哲学家们执行了由笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎明确列出的调查程序”中，笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎最先提出，但主要是使用康德的概念。A选项“19世纪的哲学以科学作为理解知识基础的模式”：根据第三段第一句Thedemarcationofphilosophyfromsciencewasfacilitatedbythedevelopmentintheearlynineteenthcenturyofanewnotion,thatphilosophy’scoreinterestshouldbeepistemology,thegeneralexplanationofwhatitmeanstoknowsomething.（19世纪早期，一种新观念的发展促进了哲学与科学的区分，即哲学的核心兴趣应该是认识论，即对认识事物的一般解释。），可知在这时哲学与科学分开，哲学的核心是认识论，不符合文章意思。因此D选项正确。

34.观点态度题。根据第二段第一句Thebasisforthisview,however,liesinaseriousmisinterpretationofthepast,aprojectionofmodernconcernsontopastevents.（然而，这种观点基于对过去的严重误解，是将现代的关注投射到过去的事件上。），可知作者认为过去与现在不同，解读方式就不同，不能用当下的态度解读历史，所以B选项“不能把今天的意识归结于历史人物，从而歪曲历史”正确。A选项“历史不应该强调思想的作用而忽视个人的作用”，C选项“历史不应该主要集中在那些与现在最相关的过去事件上”和D选项“历史应该关注描述过去与现在最不同的那些方面”文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。

35.主旨大意题。文章在开头提出现代哲学家的观点，然后提出这是错误的，再通过回溯这些观点的起源纠正错误观点，文章最后一句提到还可以继续回溯，所以D选项“通过描述其起源来纠正错误的信仰”正确。A选项“比较两个相互竞争的模型”，B选项“分析一个难以理解的理论”和C选项“为一个理论提供新证据”是文章内容的一部分，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Manycountrieshaveadoptedsystemsof（）educationinordertopromotetheaveragelevelofeducation.

问题1选项

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.cardinal

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“强迫的，过于受约束的”，例如：aconstrainedconfession（逼供、被迫招供），constrainedemotions（受压抑的感情）；B选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”，例如：compulsorymeasures（强迫手段），compulsoryservicesystem（义务兵役制）；C选项cardinal“主要的，基本的”，例句：RespectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofEnglishlaw.（尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则）；D选项conventional“传统的，惯例的”，例句：Thechairmanmadeafewconventionalremarks.（主席说了几句客套话。）。句意：为了提高平均教育水平，许多国家都采用了义务教育制度。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Itisour（

）policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

问题1选项

A.consistent

B.continuous

C.considerate

D.continual

【答案】A

【解析】形近词辨析题。consistent始终如一的，坚持的；continuous连续的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；continual持续不断的，频繁的。

句意：通过和平的方式实现统一，这是我们一贯的政策。选项A符合句意。

5.翻译题

1.Heresearchersalsoused“cloudcomputing”services,whichprovidelotsofcheapprocessingpower.AndtheywenttosocialnetworkslikeFacebookandLinkedln,wheremostuserspostrealnamesandphotosofthemselves.

2.Thenotionordenyinggaysthespousalrightsavailabletoothersmakeslittlesensetoagenerationthatseesmarriageatleastasmuchasaunionofsoul-matesasaformalstructureforchild-rearing.

3.不像在西方的政党，中国共产党，是开创性的党，是全心全意致力于为人民服务的党。然而，如果中国共产党未能履行其承诺，也有可能侵蚀党执政的基石。

4.南宁华润万家城是目前广西最大一站式购物中心，拥有PRADA、GUCCI、BURRERRY、ShiatzyChen、OMEGA、Cartier等超千个国际国内知名品牌以及各国特色餐饮等休闲消费购物娱乐设施。

5.我的最大爱好是沉思默想。我可以一个人长时间地独处而感到愉快。独享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。孤独的时候，精神不会是一片纯粹的空白，它仍然是一个丰富多彩的世界。

【答案】1.研究者还使用了“云计算”服务，因为它具有很强的处理能力，而且价格低廉。他们常上Facebook和Linkedln等社交网站，那里大多数的用户使用自己真实的名字和照片。

2.这一代的年轻人将婚姻视作灵魂上的伴侣和名正言顺的生儿育女，至少，他（她）们认为两者同等重要。因此，异性有权利结婚，而同性却不能够，年轻人对此种想法表示无法理解。

3.UnlikepoliticalpartiesintheWest,theCPC,apioneeringparty,iscommittedtowholeheartedlyservingthepeople.However,thecornerstoneoftheParty’sgovernancemaybeerodediftheCPCfailstofulfillitscommitment.

4.TheMixcinNanningisnowthebiggestone-stopmallinGuangxiProvince,havingfacilitieswithleisureconsumption,shoppingandentertainment,whichincludethousandsofinternationalanddomesticfamousbrands,suchasPRADA,GUCCI,BURBERRY,andShiatzyChen,OMEGA,andCartier,aswellasspecialrestaurantsfromdifferentcountries.

5.Mygreatesthobbyismeditation.Icanstayinsolitudeforalongtimewithoutfeelingunpleasant.Toenjoyhappinessbyoneselfisapleasure;tobearsadnessaloneisalsoapleasure.Whenyoustayalone,yourmindwillnotfallintoacompleteblank,butremaininavariedandcolorfulworld.

6.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

Economistsdon’tforecastbecausetheyknow,theyforecastbecausethey’reasked.(36)Aquestionthatisincreasinglyputtothemiswhetherinflation,whichhasbeenremarkablyquiescentforyears,willspringasurprisein2016.Afterall,thedebttroublesthathaveweigheddownricheconomiessince2007arefading;labormarketsinAmerica,BritainandGermanyareincreasinglytight;housingmarketsaregatheringsteam;andtheFederalReservehasjustraisedinterestratesforthefirsttimeinalmostadecade.

InflationinAmericaandEuropeshouldindeedpickupfromitspresent,near-zerostateasthebigdeclinesinenergypricesattheturnof2015dropoutoftheheadlinerate.Butaglutinthesupplyofcrudemeansthatoilpricesarefallingagain.(37)Ifdebtisrecedingasaprobleminrichcountries,itloomslargerinemergingmarkets,whereovercapacitybroughtonbybinge（放纵、沉溺）borrowingexertsadownwardforceonprices.Thereisinflationincommodity-exportingcountries,suchasBrazil,whosecurrencieshavebeentrashed.Butglobalinflationisatug-ofwarbetweenbottlenecksinpartsoftherichworldandimporteddeflationfromemergingmarkets,andtheenduringfallorstagnationofpriceslookssettodominateforawhileyet.

StartwithSaudiArabia.Thefallingpriceofcrudeisinpartaconsequenceofitscommitment(reiteratedbyOPECministersonDecember4th)toproduceatfulltilt.TheideaistoflushouttheweakerproducersinAmerica’sshale-oilindustryandelsewhere.(38)Thisisprovingacostlygambit.SaudiArabianeedsabarrelofoiltofetcharound$85tofinancepublicspendingandaround$60tokeepitscurrentaccountinbalance.Yettheoilpricerecentlyfellbelow$36,toan11-yearlow,beforereboundingalittle.Americahassustainedoilproductionofabove9mbarrelsaday,despiteasharpfallinthenumberofoilrigs,suggestingthatshalefirmsarebecomingmoreefficient.

Oneoutcomefromcontinuedlow-flationwillbeincreasinglylopsidedeconomiesintherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,whererecoveryismoreadvancedthaninEurope.(39)Ifproductivitystaysasweakasithasbeenrecently,unemploymentislikelytofallstillfurther.Atthesametime,slowgrowthinemergingmarketsislikelytokeepdownwardpressureoncommoditypricesandontheircurrencies.AstrongdollarhasalreadydrivenawedgebetweentheperformanceofAmerica’smanufacturingandserviceindustries.FurtherappreciationwouldmakeitharderfortheFederalReservetopushthroughmoreincreasesininterestrates.

【答案】36.一个问题越发常见：沉寂多年的通货膨胀，会否在2016年突然爆发。毕竟，自从2007年以来，拖累经济发展的债务问题正在消退；美国、英国和德国的劳动力市场日趋紧张；房地产市场正蓄势待发；最近美联储近十年来第一次提高利率。

37.如果发达国家的债务不再是一个问题，那就会隐现在新兴市场，过度借贷迫使价格下降而导致生产力过剩。巴西等商品出口国出现了通货膨胀，货币已经贬值。但是全球通货膨胀是部分发达国家的瓶颈期和新兴市场的输入型通货紧缩之间的拉锯战，而持久的价格下跌或停滞看来还会持续一段时间。

38.事实证明，这是一个代价高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油卖85美元才能支撑公共支出，需要卖60美元才能维持收支平衡。然而，最近油价在回升之前跌破36美元，创11年新低。

39.如果生产力持续疲软，失业率可能会进一步下降。与此同时，新兴市场的缓慢增长可能会给大宗商品价格和货币带来下行压力。强势美元已在美国制造业和服务业之间造成了裂痕。进一步升值将使美联储更难推动进一步加息。

7.单选题

问题1选项

A.Becausethecompanieswanttoimproveworkershealthandreducemedicalspending

B.Becausethecompanieswanttosavemoremoneyforemployers

C.Becausetheprogramsturnedouttobeuselessinimprovingworkers'health

D.Becausethelonger-termeffectsoftheprogramshavenotbeenidentified

问题2选项

A.Theprogramdidnohelpinloweringworkers'bloodpressureorsugarlevels

B.Theprogramsignificantlyreducedworkers'healthcarecosts

C.Theworkerswhoadoptedhealthierbehaviorsturnedtobehealthier

D.Theworkerswhoaremoreoptimisticturnedtobehealthier

问题3选项

A.Theyaregoingtoanalyze3yearsofdatafromthewellnessprogram

B.Theyaregoingtoadjustthewellnessprogram

C.Theyaregoingtosupportthewellnessprogramforalongterm.

D.Theyaregoingtoseewhetherthewellnessprogramarebeneficialinalong-termrun

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】第1题:重新思考健康计划的原因在第二段与第三段最后均有提到。第二段最后说到“itfoundnosignificantreductioninworker’shealthcarecosts（研究发现，职工的医疗保健成本没有显著下降）”，第三段最后说到“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人员现在正在分析来自健康计划的三年数据，以了解是否有任何长期的影响）”，说明其原因就在这个计划的长期影响并不十分确定，D选项正确。

第2题:文中提到的研究有三个结果：1.参加了健康计划的员工更加注意自己的身体健康问题；2.参加计划与否对于到血压或血糖指标的影响差别不大；3.并没有降低职工医疗成本。因此C选项是符合这三个结果的。A选项的问题在于否定了健康计划对血压或血糖指标的影响。

第3题:研究人员的目标体现在最后一句“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人员现在正在分析来自健康计划的三年数据，以了解是否有任何长期的影响）”，因此他们的目标就是看这个健康计划从长期来看是否有益，D选项正确。

8.单选题

Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fit”insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.

Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatuses,andallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.

Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoose,styleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefamerorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoo,comereadymade,andtherangeofchoice,amongthemislimited.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses（）.

3.Theword"appraisal"inparagraph2mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto（）.

5.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefarmerorthatofaHinduprince”(Para.3),thewritermeans（）.

问题1选项

A.makefriendswithotherpeople

B.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjob

C.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituations

D.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeople

问题2选项

A.inordertobetteridentifyothers

B.astheirmentalprocesseschange

C.asthesituationchange

D.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothers

问题3选项

A.involvement

B.assessment

C.appreciation

D.presentation

问题4选项

A.constantmentalprocess

B.selectingone’sownstatus

C.curiosityofotherpeople'sstatuses

D.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriately

问题5选项

A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothes

B.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterations

C.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited

D.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothes

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段首句“Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe‘fit’insociety.地位是人类不可思议的发明，它使我们能够彼此和睦相处,并决定我们在社会中‘适当的’位置。”也就是说，在与他人相处时举止得体，选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的一二句“Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,ataveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.我们所假定的身份常常随着我们遇到的人而变化，并且在一生中不断变化。我们大多数人都能以非常快的速度假定各种情况所需要的状态。”也就是说，人们所假定的身份随着外部环境的改变而发生改变。选项C符合原文。

3.语义推断题。A选项involvement“牵连，包含”；B选项assessment“评定，估价”；C选项appreciation“欣赏，鉴别”；D选项presentation“描述，介绍”。根据原文句意：这意味着我们的行为与其他人的行为相适应是建立在对他人的评价和解释这种持续的心理过程之上的。由此可知，appraisal指评估，判断，所以选项B与之意思相近。

4.判断推理题。根据第二段的最后一句话可知，这里的it指的是前半句提到的“thetask”，而“thetask”指代的是上文提到的fitouractionstothoseofotherpeople。所以选项D符合原文。

5.作者意图题。结合原文内容可知，作者通过将身份比作衣服，说明身份像衣服一样，受到社会的限制，选择的范围有限。所以选项C正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

9.单选题

“Howmanyofyouhavebeenangryatleastoncetoday?”askedtheconductorofananger-managementseminar.AccordingtoanarticleinTheNewYorkTimes,mostofthoseintheroomraisedtheirhands.“Thefactis,”theseminarleadercontinued,“peoplegetangryatanaverageof10to14timesaday.Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork.Ifyouhaveajob,you’reguaranteedtogetangry.”

Upwouldhavegonemyhand,hadIbeenintheroomandheardthatlastremark.AndIwouldhaverespectfullydisagreed.

Althoughsomestatisticsindicatethatthenumberofon-the-jobflare-upshasincreasedinrecentyears,toholdontothenotionthatworkplaceangeristhereforeguaranteediscounterproductive.Itleavesonewiththeimpressionthatanyeffortstoremaineven-temperedatworkare,atbest,onlyabandit.

Anger-managementexpertsdoofferafewcommon-senseguidelinestominimizework-relatedanger:don’tletitfaster;don’tlookforsnubsinwhatarepurelyinnocentincidents;don’tgetcaughtupinotherpeople’sgripes;ifyoustarttolosecontrol,takeabreak.

Iwouldadd,pray.

Insteadofsittingtherefumingoversomeencounter,whynotusethetimetolistenforGod’sthoughts,hismessagestoyou?Tobesure,theywillsnuffouttheheatofangerandbringcalmness,clarity,andhealing.“ForIknowthethoughtsthatIthinktowardyou,thoughtsofpeace,andnotofevil,togiveyouanexpectedend.”

Betterstill,onecanactpreemptivelytopreventavolatileatmosphereonthejob.Agoodstartistoconsiderthatthepeopleweworkwith—whetherit’sthepersonatthedeskacrossfromoursorthepresidentofthecompany—arenotwhatweseeonthesurface.

Ifwetakeitforgrantedthatourcoworkersaresomanyindividualsmerelyofanassortmentofphysicalandemotionalcharacteristics,thenouroverallexpectationsonthejob,aswellasourconcernforthewell-beingofthoseweworkwith,arelimited.Butourtruenatureisn’tthesumofmaterialandsometimesfieryemotionalelements.EachoneofusisGod’schild.Everyone’strueselfhoodcomesfromthisonesource—God,divineSpirit—andisthereforepurelygoodandspiritual.

“Man(includingwoman)istheoffspring,notofthelowest,butofthehighestqualitiesofMind,”wroteMaryBakerEddy,theauthorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures.ThisdivineMind,orGod,isexpressingineachofusthese“highqualities”asourrealnature,respectfulandloving,andrevealingouractualrelationtooneanotherassonsanddaughtersofGod.

Whatweshouldbecountingonatwork,then,oranywhereelsewherepeoplecomeintocontactwithoneanother,isanatmosphereinwhicheveryonefeelsupheldbyGod’sthoughtsofpeace.Inthisatmosphere,solidrelationshipsdevelopandsolutionsappeareveninsituationswhereitwasbelievedthatnonewerepossible.

So,insteadofbracingforashowdownwithafellowworker,youcanarriveatworkfilledwiththeconvictionthatyouandyourcolleagues,clients,andcustomers,areallinherentlygood-natured—God-natured—theoffspringofatotallylovingcreator.You’recertaintohavehigher-expectations,morecompassion,morepatience.Arealpeacemakerattitude.

Thisisdoingmorethanmanagingwork-relatedanger.Thisishelpingtoeliminatingit.

1.Whatdoesthesentence“Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork”inthe1stparagraphmean?

2.What’sthemeaningofthefirstsentenceinthe2paragraph“Upwouldhavegonemyhand”?

3.Whatguidelinesdotheanger-managementexpertsoffertosubdueworkplaceanger?

4.WhatdoestheauthorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScripturestrytoconveytothereadersinthe

book?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Angerforsurewouldcauseharmtoone’swork.

B.Angerisasinevitableinworkplaceasindisposition(不舒服，微恙)toaperson.

C.Angercanthreatenone’spositioninaworkplace.

D.Angerislikeanindisposition;itisunavoidablebutinsignificant.

问题2选项

A.Iwouldhaveraisedmyhand.

B.Iwouldhavevetoedtheproposalbyraisingmyhand.

C.Iwouldhavestronglyopposedtotheview.

D.Iwouldhavedisagreedandairedmyownview.

问题3选项

A.Calmdownandtrytosolvetheproblem.

B.Takeabreathbeforeyoulosecontrol.

C.Divertyourattentiontopleasantthings.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题4选项

A.ManiscreatedbyGodwithbenevolentqualities.

B.Humanbeing’srealnatureisasrespectfulasGod.

C.WearealloffspringofGod,andourrelationshipswithothersarethatofbrotherhoodorsisterhood,sothere’snoreasonforconflicts.

D.Alloftheabovepoints.

问题5选项

A.Weshouldsparenoeffortstoeliminateworkplaceanger.

B.Praycanhelpminimizework-relatedanger.

C.TheChristianatmosphereinwhicheveryonefeelsasequalsonsanddaughtersofGodshouldbeadvocatedtoreduceworkplaceanger.

D.Amongvarioussolutionstoworkplaceanger,resortingtopeacebyvirtueofChristianbeliefismostefficient.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork”定位到文章第一段“…peoplegetangryatanaverageof10to14timesaday.Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork.Ifyouhaveajob,you’reguaranteedtogetangry.”可知人们平均每天会生气10到14次。但是生气在工作中尤其普遍。如果你在工作，你肯定会生气。可判断出愤怒在工作中是不可避免的，会令人感到不适。故选项B符合题意。

2.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Upwouldhavegonemyhand”定位到文章第二段“Upwouldhavegonemyhand,hadIbeenintheroomandheardthatlastremark.AndIwouldhaverespectfullydisagreed.”，可知如果我当时在房间里，听到最后两句话，我也会举起我的手。并且会尊重性地表达我的反对意见。可判断出作者会举手表示对这个观点的赞同。故选项A符合题意。

3.事实细节题。由题干关键词“Anger-managementexperts...guidelines”定位到文章第四段“Anger-managementexpertsdoofferafewcommon-senseguidelinestominimizework-relatedanger:don’tletitfaster;don’tlookforsnubsinwhatarepurelyinnocentincidents;don’tgetcaughtupinotherpeople’sgripes;ifyoustarttolosecontrol,takeabreak.”，可知愤怒情绪管理专家确实提供了一些常识性的指导方法来抑制工作愤怒：不要太快；不要因为一些平白无故的困难而怠慢工作；不要被别人的抱怨所困扰；如果情绪开始失控，休息一下。可判断出愤怒情绪管理专家提出的解决方法包括及时冷静下来并且寻找解决方法。选项A符合题意。

4.判断推理题。由题干关键词“ScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures”定位到文章第九段“‘Man(includingwoman)istheoffspring,notofthelowest,butofthehighestqualitiesofMind,’wroteMaryBakerEddy,theauthorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures.ThisdivineMind,orGod,isexpressingineachofusthese“highqualities”asourrealnature,respectfulandloving,andrevealingouractualrelationtooneanotherassonsanddaughtersofGod.”，可知玛丽•贝克•艾迪在书中提到男人（包括女人）不是低等人的后代，都是最具智慧的神的后代。这个神圣的上帝，在我们每个人身上体现出一些高尚的品质，这些品质都是我们的本性——尊敬和爱，并显示我们作为上帝的儿女彼此之间的真实关系。可判断出作者在书中想给读者表达出来的意思是：人类是上帝创造的，具有高尚善良的品质；人的真实本性是像上帝一样恭敬有礼貌的；我们都是上帝的后代，我们与他人的关系是情同手足，所以没有理由产生冲突。故选项D符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“So,insteadofbracingforashowdownwithafellowworker,youcanarriveatworkfilledwiththeconvictionthatyouandyourcolleagues,clients,andcustomers,areallinherentlygood-natured—God-natured—theoffspringofatotallylovingcreator.You’recertaintohavehigher-expectations,morecompassion,morepatience.Arealpeacemakerattitude.”，可知你可以满怀信心地去工作，相信你和你的同事、客户、顾客都是天性善良的人，都是慈爱的造物主的后代。你肯定会有更高的期望值，更有同情心，更有耐心。会具有一种真正的和平主义者的处事态度。最后一段为全文的主旨段，可判断出作者认为我们应该提倡基督教的氛围，让每个人都觉得自己是上帝的儿女，人人平等，以减少工作场所的愤怒情绪。故选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Thisisadifficultjob,ifyoutryyourbest,youwilllearnhowtodoit（）.

问题1选项

A.ontime

B.behindtime

C.attimes

D.intime

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。ontime“准时”；behindtime“迟到”；attimes“有时偶尔”；intime“及时”。本句意为“这是一份困难的工作，但只要你尽力，你就能很快学会的”，intime符合句意，表达“及时”的意思。因此选项D正确。

11.单选题

WilliamPenn,theFounderofPennsylvania,（）defendedtherightofeverycitizentofreedomofchoiceinreligion.

问题1选项

A.peculiarly

B.indifferently

C.vigorously

D.inevitably

【答案】C

【解析】句意:宾夕法尼亚州的创始人，WilliamPenn先生积极维护每一个公民自由选择宗教的权利。

考查副词辨析。peculiarly异常地；古怪地；indifferently漠不关心地；冷淡地；vigorously精神旺盛地，活泼地；大力地；inevitably不可避免地；自然而然地；必然地。因此C符合句意。

12.单选题

Theemployerwasvery______aboutthehealthofheremployeesasreplacementsweredifficulttoget.

问题1选项

A.splenetic

B.dogmatic

C.solicitous

D.obstinate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项splenetic表示“坏心眼的，容易发怒的”，B项dogmatic表示“教条的，武断的”，C项soli