考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学陇桥学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学陇桥学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.案例题

Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,fromgas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld'sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.

Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.

Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.

Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexhaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.

Willwereally,astoday'sscientist'sclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?

Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”

Livinglonger

AnthonyAttala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,believesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.

BruceLehn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce”unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchaskidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient'simmune-logicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.

Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andallowingthemtodevelopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal'sown.ButProf.Lehnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse'sandweprobablydon'twanttoputahumanbrainingananimalbody.”

RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop”authenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:”It'sisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday'speopleintheir60s”

Aliens

ConlinPillinger,professorofplanetarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:”IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidstarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites（陨石）.

ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA'sAmesResearchCenter.Believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeinancientpermanentfortsofMarsoronotherplaners.

Headds:”ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.

PrincetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“likely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovereddeform2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.

Hesays:”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesislikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.

Coloniesinspace

RichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.

“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniesoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammedrunsout.”

Spinalinjuries

EllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinjuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflictedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.

Shesays:''Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprescribedrugsthatcausesevered（断裂的）spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregroup.''

‘‘Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:byreplacingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictsthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegroundandlimbswillstarttoberegroundafewyearslater.Repairstothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,''Prof.HeberKatzadds.

Obesity

SydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NobelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolutionwillfavorsmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity，”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”

Robots

RodneyBrooks,professorofroboticatMitosestheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”

Energy

BillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifornia,says:"Themostsignificantbreakthroughwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”

Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarning.

Society

GeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says^"TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite（前提）forordinaryhumandecency.

“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”

Healsopredictsthat“absurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeunfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.

Thisthreechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusallbrighter,wiser,happierandkinder”.

1.WhatisJohnLingam'sreportabout?

A.Asolutiontotheglobalenergycrisis.

B.Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.

C.Thelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscience.

D.Scientists'visionoftheworldinhalfcentury.

2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture（）.

A.Mayinvitetrouble

B.Maynotcometrue

C.Willfoolthepublic

D.Domoreharmthangood

3.ProfessorBruceLehnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat（）.

A.Humanswon'thavetodonateorgansfortransplantation

B.Morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantation

C.Animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodies

D.Organtransplantationwon'tbeasscaryasitistoday

4.AccordingtoProfessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMishear,propelwill（）.

A.Lifeforaslongastheywish

B.Berelievedfromallsufferings

C.Lifeto100andmorewithvitality

D.Beabletolivelongerthanwhales

5.PrincetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksthat（）.

A.Scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartoours

B.HumanswillbeabletosettleonMars

C.Alienlifewilllikelybediscovered

D.LifewillstarttoevolveonMars

6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans（）.

A.Mightsurviveallcatastrophesonearth

B.Mightacquireamplenaturalresources

C.WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreely

D.Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife

7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,predictsthat（）.

A.Humanorganscanbutmanufacturedlikeappliances

B.Peoplewillbeasstronganddynamicassupermen

C.Humannervescanbereplacedbyopticfibers

D.Lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregroup

8.RodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultorthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencefor（）.

9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBilljoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan'tbeusedtomake（）.

10.AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof（）.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.A

4.C

5.C

6.A

7.D

8.artificialintelligence

9.weapons

10.religion

【解析】1.

根据第一段的最后一句"JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld'sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe."以及文章的首句可推断出，"theworld'sfinestminds"指的是前面提到的顶尖科学家们,他们对2056年，也就是半个世纪后的世界做出了一些预测，所以选项D正确。

2.

根据关键词“StevenPinker”定位到第六段。"Thisisaninvitation...made50yearsago."也就是说，这个预测可能实现不了，选项B正确。"invitation"在这里指"vision"，而非"邀请"，所以选项A和C错误。

3.

根据关键词“BruceLehn”定位到Livinglonger这一部分的第二段"BruceLahn...anticipatestheabilitytoproduce'unlimitedsupplies'oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneedforhumandonors."题干中的predict和句中的anticipate同义，而"withouttheneedforhumandonors"和A选项对应，所以选项A符合原文。

4.

根据Livinglonger这一部分的第四段的最后一句"Their60s."选项C符合原文。选项B文中没有提及，选项A和选项D与原文含义不符，可以排除。

5.根据关键词“FreemanDyson”定位到Aliens这一部分的第四段的内容。"lifefromouterspacewillbediscoveredbefore2056..."所以选项C与原文相符。

6.

根据关键词“RichardGott”定位到Coloniesinspace这一部分的第一段。"...whichwouldbea'lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth'."Lifeinsurancepolicy为比喻用法，意为"可以保护人类免于地球上灾难的侵袭"，选项A与原文一致。

7.

根据关键词“EllenHeber-Katz”定位到Spinalinjuries这一部分的第二段的首句"Ibelievethat...regenerateandlostlimbstoregroup"，选项D与原文含义相符。

8.根据关键词“RodneyBrooks”定位到Robots这一部分的内容“theproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.”。

9.

根据关键词“BillJoy”定位到Energy这一部分第二段的内容“suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweapons.”动词make后面要接名词或名词短语。

10.

根据关键词“GeoffreyMiller”定位到Society这一部分第二段的内容"Thus,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction."介词短语inplaceof后面需接名词，在这里inplaceof与kill意义相近，故答案为religion。

2.单选题

TheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentwerecharacterizedbyadebateconcerning______orindividualstatesshouldhavemorepower.

问题1选项

A.whetherthefederalgovernment

B.eitherthefederalgovernment

C.thatthefederalgovernment

D.thefederalgovernment

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：美国政府早期的特点是一场关于是联邦政府还是州政府应该拥有更多权力的辩论。根据题目划分句子成分可知，concerning到句子结尾是修饰debate的后置定语，横线到句子结尾是修饰concerning的状语从句；either…or“或者……或者……”，whether…or…“是……还是……”，结合语境A选项whetherthefederalgovernment符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

WhyhavebegantoreadIrishbookswitha（）andpassionateinterest.

问题1选项

A.inquisitive

B.curious

C.prying

D.inquiring

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他们开始怀着浓厚的好奇和兴趣阅读爱尔兰的书籍。

考查形容词辨析。inquisitive好学的，好奇的，兴趣广泛的，过分打听他人私事的；curious好奇的;prying爱打听的;inquiring好问的，爱探索的。句子整体表达的是带褒义的，因此A项正确。

4.单选题

Theinfluenceofclimateonbehaviorappearsall-pervasive.Indeed,whocanclaimthatweatherfactorshavenoinfluenceontheirdecision-making?Everyonecanpointtoinstanceswhereplansandactivitieshavebeenchangedbecauseofweatherconditions.People'smoodsalsochangewiththeweather:brightsunnydaysseemtoliftspirits,whiledarkrainyperiodsbringondepression.

Lawenforcementagenciesarebeginningtoshowinterestintheeffectofatmosphericconditionsonbehavior.Everyyear,theFBI'sUniformCrimeReportsprovidebreakdownsofthecrimeratesbymonthandseasonoftheyear.Bothmonthlyandseasonalvariationsareconsideredtoreflectthevaryinginfluenceoftemperature,precipitation,humidity,lengthofdaylight,andanumberofotherclimatologicalfactors.

Variousstudiesfindrelationshipsbetweenspecificclimatologicalconditionsandcrime.Risingtemperatureisgenerallyaccompaniedbyincreasesinaggressionandviolentcrime.Ontheotherhand,highhumidityappearstoreducetheincidenceofphysicalactivityandaggression.Rain,cloudcover,andotherformsofinclementweatherareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofpropertycrimesandincreaseddepression.

Ourstudyshowedthatlowhumidityhasthemostwidespreadinfluenceonalltypesofcrimestudied.Theanalysisalsoshowsthatashumidityincreasesthelevelofcrimedecreases.TemperaturealsohasagreateffectIncreasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories.Burglariesanddaytimeassaultsalsotendtoincreasealongwithcloudcover.Exceptforwindspeedandbarometricpressurewithregardtodaytimeassaults,theremainingweatherfactorshavevirtuallynoinfluenceonthelevelsofcrime.

Individualswhorespondwithcriminalbehaviortoweatherchangesorweatherextrememaybecontrollablebyadministeringdrugsthatoffsettheseinfluences.Electricalstimulationofpleasurecentersinthebrainmaysomedaybeafeasiblecountermeasuretoaggressivestimuliduetoincreasedtemperatureorotherweathervariables.

Changingormanipulatingtheweatherisonepossiblemeansofattackingaweather-crimeinteraction.Thisapproachmaynotbefeasibleduetothemanyrelationshipsbetweenweatherclimateandtherotationoftheearth.Minorchangesmaybepossiblesuchasregulationofrainfallorskycover.Ontheotherhand,temperaturecontrolmaybepossible.

Moreresearchisneededtoassessandclarifytherelationshipbetweencrimeandthevariousclimatologicalfactors.Oncethisisaccomplished,itwillbenecessarytodevisemoreaccuratemeansofforecastingtheweather,counteractingtheeffectsofweatheronhumanbehavior,andcontrollingtheenvironment,oridentifyingotherapproachestotheproblem.

1.Peoplearelikelytobeveryactiveandaggressive（

）.

2.Peopleareinlowspirits

（

）.

3.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptthat

（

）.

4.Thefollowingarealloptimum-conditionsexcept

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwaystohandlecrimeisnotmention（

）.

问题1选项

A.whenitisrainyandcloudy

B.ashumidityincreases

C.whenthereislittlemoisture

D.astemperaturedecreases

问题2选项

A.duringthenight

B.onclearandfinedays

C.onhotandsunnydays

D.duringcoldandstormy-weather

问题3选项

A.nighttimestealingincreasesalongwithtemperature

B.nobodyisfreefromtheinfluenceofweatherfactors

C.crimeratesarerelatedtotemperature,moisture,etc.

D.peoplearethinkingaboutthepossiblewaystohandleindividualreactiontoclimatologicalchanges.

问题4选项

A.littleskycover

B.highertemperature

C.higherhumidity

D.lowertemperature

问题5选项

A.Surgicalcorrectio

B.Medicinetreatment

C.Weathercontrol

D.Morepolicework.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词activeandaggressive定位至第三段:Ontheotherhand,highhumidityappearstoreducetheincidenceofphysicalactivityandaggression(另一方面，湿度高会减少激烈的身体接触和侵害事件的发生),因此C项“温度低时”正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词inlowspirits定位至第三段:Risingtemperatureisgenerallyaccompaniedbyincreasesinaggressionandviolentcrime(温度上升时人的好斗情绪和暴力犯罪事件会增加),由此可知D项“在寒冷和暴风雨时”人情绪低落”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:气温升高时夜间入室盗窃事件增多,第四段指出:Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(气温升高不会影响夜间入室盗窃的频率，但会增加其他类型的犯罪事件),因此A项不符合文章所述。B:人人都会受天气因素的影响,第一段指出:Theinfluenceofclimateonbehaviorappearsall-pervasive(气候对行为的影响是全方位的),因此B项符合原文。C:犯罪率与气温、湿度等因素有关,第四段指出:Ourstudyshowedthatlowhumidityhasthemostwidespreadinfluenceonalltypesofcrimestudied(研究表明低湿度对各类犯罪有最广泛的影响),以及Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(气温升高不会影响夜间入室盗窃的频率，但会增加其他类型的犯罪事件),因此C项正确。D:人们在考虑个人应对气候变化的有效方法,最后一段指出:Moreresearchisneededtoassessandclarifytherelationshipbetweencrimeandthevariousclimatologicalfactors(需要更多研究来评估和阐明犯罪与多种多样气候因素的关系)。因此本题答案选A。

4.判断推理题。题干问的是以下哪个选项不属于能减少犯罪的情况。第四段指出:Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(气温升高不会影响夜间入室盗窃的频率,但会增加其他类型的犯罪事件),由此可知答案为B项“气温升高”。

5.细节事实题。题干问的是以下哪项不属于文中提及的解决措施。由第五段“Electricalstimulationofpleasurecentersinthebrainmaysomedaybeafeasiblecountermeasuretoaggressivestimuliduetoincreasedtemperatureorotherweathervariables(总有一天，电刺激大脑快感中心会成为应对因气温不断升高或其他天气变量而导致的激进刺激的一种可行措施)”可知A项“外科轿治”正确。由第五段“Individualswhorespondwithcriminalbehaviortoweatherchangesorweatherextrememaybecontrollablebyadministeringdrugsthatoffsettheseinfluences(可能通过采用能抵消这些影响的药物来治疗有犯罪行为的人)”可知B项“药物治疗”正确。由第六段“Changingormanipulatingtheweatherisonepossiblemeansofattackingaweather-crimeinteraction(改善或控制天气变化可能成为对抗受天气影响的犯罪行为的一个方法)”可知C项“天气控制”正确。因此本题选D。

5.单选题

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned——andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow.“Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,”saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsateightpercentinterestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaroundfivepercentayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85percentofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwouldhavehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension,（）

2.Ifoneleavesearlybeforehisplan'snormalretirementage,（）

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

问题2选项

A.he'lltake90percentofthetotalamountofhispension

B.he'llhavehalfofhispensionpayments

C.he'llhavehispensionpaymentreducedby5%ayear

D.he'llhaveonly85percentofhisfullpension

问题3选项

A.earnlessinterest.

B.bebetteroffthanwithatraditionalpension.

C.startinvestmentimmediately.

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits.

问题4选项

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed.

B.TheRetirementDilemma.

C.LeaveEarly,LoseBig.

D.TakethePensionwithYou.

问题5选项

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30ths.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlastbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:根据第一段，当一个人带着传统的养老金离开工作岗位时，他会有一定金额的养老金。选项D正确。

第2题:根据第五段的第二句，相反，你可以根据雇主的决定得到5%左右的精算减值。选项C正确。

第3题:根据最后一段，当你提前退休并制定固定缴款计划时，问题是你开始把钱花在可以赚取利息的投资上，如果你在55岁退休，开始使用传统的养老金，到65岁时，你将只有你一直工作到65岁时的一半。选项A正确。

第4题:根据最后三段的内容可知，主要是讲提前退休将会损失更多，所以选项C正确。

第5题:根据第二段“theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.”所以选项B错误。

6.翻译题

该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施，学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。

【答案】答：

TheactaimstoreformAmerica’selementaryandsecondaryschoolsandgiveallchildrenaccesstoahigh-qualityeducation.Theultimategoalistoensurenooneisleftbehind.Asaresultoftheimplementationofthisact,schoolsenjoysmoreflexibilitytouseresourceswheretheyaremostneeded.Parentscanbemoreinvolvedintheirchildren’seducation.

7.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theycanpredictfutureevents.

B.Theyhavenospecialmeanings.

C.Theyhaveculturalconnotations.

D.Theycannotbeeasilyexplained.

问题2选项

A.Itwascanceledduetobadweather.

B.Sheoversleptandmissedtheflight.

C.Shedreamedofaplanecrash.

D.Itwaspostponedtothefollowingday.

问题3选项

A.Theycanbeaffectedbypeople’schildhoodexperiences.

B.Theymaysometimesseemridiculoustoarationalmind.

C.Theyusuallyresultfrompeople’sunpleasantmemories.

D.Theycanhaveanimpactasgreatasrationalthinking.

问题4选项

A.Theycallforscientificmethodstointerpret.

B.Theymirrortheirlong-cherishedwishes.

C.Theyreflecttheircomplicatedemotions.

D.Theyareoftenrelatedtoirrationalfeelings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

M:[5]Doyouthinkdreamshavespecialmeanings?

W:[5]No,Idon’tthinktheydo.

M:[5]Idon’teither.Butsomepeopledo.Iwouldsaypeoplewhobelievethatdreamshavespecialmeaningsaresuperstitious,especiallynowadays.Inthepast,duringthetimesofancientEgypt,GreeceorChina,peopleusedtobelievethatdreamscouldforeseethefuture.Buttoday,withallthescientificknowledgethatwehave,Ithinkit’smuchhardertobelieveinthesesortsofthings.

W:Mygrandmotherissuperstitious,andshethinksdreamscanpredictthefuture.[6]Onceshedreamedthattheflightshewasduetotakethefollowingdaycrashed.Canyouguesswhatshedid?Shedidn’ttakethatflight.Shedidn’tevenbothertogototheairportthefollowingday.Insteadshetookthesameflight,butaweeklater,andeverythingwasfine,ofcourse.Noplaneevercrashed.

M:Howfunny!Didyouknowthatflyingisactuallysaferthananyothermodeoftransport?It’sbeenstatisticallyproven.Peoplecanbesoirrationalsometimes.

W:Yes,absolutely.Butevenifwethinkthey’reridiculous,[7]emotionscanbejustaspowerfulasrationalthinking.

M:Exactly,peopledoallsortsofcrazythingsbecauseoftheirirrationalfeelings,butinfact,somepsychologistsbelievethatourdreamsaretheresultofouremotionsandmemoriesfromthatday.IthinkitwasSigmundFreudwhosaidthatchildren’sdreamswereusuallysimplerepresentationsoftheirwishes—thingstheywishedwouldhappen.Butinadults,[8]dreamsaremuchmorecomplicatedreflectionsoftheirmoresophisticatedsentiments.

W:Isn’titinterestinghowpsychologiststrytounderstandusingthescientificmethodsomethingasbizarreasdreams?Psychologyisliketherationalstudyofirrationalfeelings.

5.Whatdobothspeakersthinkofdreams?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问的是两位说话者对梦的看法。对话开头，男士询问女士是否认为梦具有特殊意义，女士给出否定回答，接着男士说“我也不这么认为”，表明他与女士看法一致，因此B选项“它们没有特殊意义”符合录音原文。A选项“它们能够预测未来发生的事情”，这是古埃及、古希腊和中国古代的人们的看法，并不是说话者的看法，因此不正确；C选项“它们蕴含着文化意义”和D选项“它们很难解释”在录音中均未提及。

6.Whydidn’tthewoman’sgrandmothertakeherscheduledflight?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问为什么这位女士的祖母没有乘坐她预定的航班？录音中女士提及她的祖母相信梦可以预测未来，有一次因为梦见自己第二天要乘坐的飞机坠毁了（theflight...crashed），她就没有坐那趟航班，甚至连机场也没去。C选项“她梦见飞机失事”是录音原文的同义表达，因此正确。A选项“由于天气不好取消了”；B选项“她睡过头，错过了航班”和D选项“推迟到了第二天”在录音中均未提及，因此可排除。

7.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutpeople’semotions?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问的是女士关于人的情绪的看法。录音中女士提及即使人们有时候很荒唐，但情绪的力量并不亚于理性思考。D选项“它们的影响力不亚于理性思考”是录音原文的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“它们会受到人们童年经历的影响”和C选项“它们通常是由人们不愉快的记忆引起的”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除；B选项“相比于理性思维，它们有时会显得很可笑”，虽然是女士说的，但这是女士对男士的上一句话“人们有时会很不理智”表示赞同，并且着重想强调的还是后半部分：情绪的力量并不亚于理性思考，因此B选项也不选。

8.WhatdidpsychologistSigmundFreudsayaboutadults’dreams?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问心理学家弗洛伊德对成人的梦的看法。男士提到，弗洛伊德将儿童的梦与成人的梦进行了对比阐释，认为成人的梦更为复杂，反映了他们复杂的情感。C选项“反映了他们复杂的情感”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。A选项“它们需要用科学的方法来阐释”，利用录音中出现的thescientificmethod设置的干扰，这并不是弗洛伊德的看法，所以排除；B选项“反映了他们长期以来的愿望”，这是弗洛伊德对儿童的梦的看法，不是成人的梦，因此排除；D选项“它们通常与非理性情绪相关”，利用录音中的irrationalfeelings设置干扰，这是男士的个人观点，与弗洛伊德的看法无关，因此也不选。

8.单选题

Theyhopetobeabletomoveintothenewbuildingattheendofmonth,butthingsdidnot（）astheyhadexpected.

问题1选项

A.workout

B.workat

C.workon

D.workoff

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项workout“解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂；锻炼”；B选项workat“从事于……；致力于……”；C选项workon“影响，对……起作用；继续工作；从事于……”；D选项workoff“售出；清理，排除；渐渐地清除；冒充”。句意：他们希望能在月底搬进新楼，但事情没有如他们预料的那样顺利。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Thestructureoftheglobaleconomy（）thatdevelopingnationsputalltheireffortsintoraisingcash—usuallybyexportingwhatevervirginresourcestheindustrialworldmightdesire.

问题1选项

A.dictates

B.regulates

C.allows

D.appeals

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。dictate“命令；要求”；regulate“调节”；allow“允许”；appeal“呼吁；上诉”；句意：全球经济的结构……发展中国家把所有的努力都投入到筹集资金上——通常是通过出口工业世界可能需要的任何原始资源。与“thestructureoftheglobaleconomy”搭配的只能是dictate，表示“全球经济要求”因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Weshould（

）ourhumanandmaterialresourcesifwear