考研考博-英语-云南警官学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南警官学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Herpeerswereherworstcritics.

问题1选项

A.students

B.equals

C.teachers

D.subordinates

【答案】B

【解析】peer意为同等的人，同龄人。equal同辈，相等的事物；subordinate下属，从属。选项B与之意思相近。

2.单选题

Manyaninstitutionhasbeensetuptotryandmakesenseoftheinscrutablenatureofushumanbeings,andalthough（）,itisonlyinstrumentalinshowinghowlittlewereallyunderstand.

问题1选项

A.aninroadhasbeensetup

B.theinroadhasbeensetup

C.aninroadhasbeenmade

D.inroadshavebeenmade

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配和语法题。根据后面主句中的it可判断although引导的让步状语从句中主语应该为名词单数，所以选项D可排除。又根据固定搭配makeaninroad“取得进展”。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

PeopleweresurprisedtofindthatMr.Johnsonhadtheabilityto（）everythinghewasinvolvedin.

问题1选项

A.prevail

B.dominate

C.preside

D.instruct

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。prevail盛行，流行；dominate控制，支配；preside主持，担任会议主席；instruct指导，通知。句意：人们惊讶地发现Mr.Johnson有能力操控他所做的每件事。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegree______whichthestudents’potentialityisdeveloped.

问题1选项

A.to

B.of

C.with

D.in

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项to“对”，B项of“……的”，C项with“和”，D项in“在……里”。Todegree表示“在……程度上，到……的程度”，thestudents’potentialityisdeveloped修饰thedegree，degree后面如果要用从句的话，在用which的同时还要加上介词to。句意：教学质量应以学生潜能开发的程度来衡量。因此A项正确。

5.单选题

Thesystemwasredesignedtoembracethenetworkandeventually（

）itinaprofitabledirection.

问题1选项

A.adapt

B.control

C.install

D.steer

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“使适合，使适应，改编”；B选项control“控制，支配，操纵”；C选项install“安装，安置，使就职”；D选项steer“驾驶，掌舵，指引……的路线”。句意：该系统被重新设计，目的是使其与网络兼容，并最终使网络朝获利方向发展。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Theproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

问题1选项

A.presumption

B.prosperity

C.precedence

D.probability

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。presumption“放肆，傲慢；推测”；prosperity“繁荣，成功”；precedence“优先；居先”；probability“可能性”。根据前半句“这个问题应该最先被讨论”可知这个问题优先于其他的，因此选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Restandproperdietarecontributivetogoodhealth.

问题1选项

A.conducive

B.apprehensive

C.pervasive

D.exclusive

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.conducive有助的；有益的B.apprehensive忧虑的；不安的

C.pervasive普遍的D.exclusive独有的；专用的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：休息和适当的饮食对身体健康……。根据句意，休息和适当饮食应该是有益于身体健康。因此选A。划线词contributive意为“有帮助的”。A选项与划线词意思相近。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】休息和适当的饮食有助于身体健康。

8.单选题

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery（

）ofhismoney.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:虽然他已经很富有了，但是他仍十分节俭。

economic经济的；thrifty节俭的，通常与with连用，例如bethriftywithmoney节约用钱；frugal节俭，通常与of连用，例如befrugalofone’smoney节约用钱;careful小心的。故选C。

9.单选题

Mothertoldmethatthemostimportantthingofchoosingapieceofclothisits（

）.

问题1选项

A.style

B.texture

C.textile

D.content

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项style“风格，类型”；B选项texture“质地，纹理，结构”；C选项textile“纺织品”；D选项content“内容，满足”。句意：母亲告诉我，挑选一块布最重要的是看它的质地。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Therats（

）bacterialinfectionsoftheblood.

问题1选项

A.develop

B.produce

C.stimulate

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。develop意为“发展，患(病)，出现(问题)”；produce意为“生产，制造”；stimulate意为“刺激”；induce意为“引诱”。bacterialinfections意为“细菌感染”，时一种病症，主语为“rats（老鼠）”，故只有A选项符合逻辑。

句意：老鼠出现了血液细菌感染。

11.单选题

Structurally,theinsideofearlyChristianchurcheswasquitesimple.

问题1选项

A.layout

B.design

C.interior

D.content

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.layout布局B.design设计

C.interior内部D.content内容

【答案】C

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句中与划线词搭配的是“早期基督教教堂”和“很简单”，并且根据Structurally可知，“很简单”是从结构上来说的；另外，原词inside“内部”。因此，C选项interior“内部”最接近原句句意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项layout“布局”，不符合原句句意；

B选项design“设计”，不符合原句句意；

D选项content“内容”，与“早期基督教教堂”搭配不当，且原句指的是教堂的内部结构。

【句意】从结构上看，早期基督教教堂的内部相当简单。

12.单选题

Everymemberofsocietyhastomakea（

）tostruggleforthefreedomofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.guarantee

C.resolve

D.pledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。warranty意为“保证，担保”，通常指承诺退款，类似质保；guarantee意为“保证，担保”，通常指只负责修理，类似保修；resolve意为“决定”；pledge意为“保证，誓言”，makeapledge意为“宣誓，发誓”。

句意：每个社会成员都必须宣誓为国家自由而奋斗。

13.单选题

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas（）byhiscolleagues.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.theoretical

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的想法总是被同事们认为（）。condemn意为“谴责，反对”，表明其后的形容词应为贬义词。A选项imaginative想象的，虚构的；B选项ingenious聪明的，精巧的；C选项impractical不切实际的，不实用的；D选项theoretical理论上的。C选项impractical符合句意和逻辑。

14.单选题

（）hewasintheUnitedStatesasstudentstudyingcomputerscience,butinrealityhewasspyingonSiliconValleyfirmsforGunDapSystems,hisemployer.

问题1选项

A.Disingenuously

B.Discretely

C.Officiously

D.Ostensibly

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。disingenuously“不诚实地”；discretely“离散地”；officiously“过分殷勤地，非官方地”；ostensibly“表面上，外表”。句意：表面上他在美国学习计算机科学，但实际上，他是在为他的雇主GunDapSystems监视硅谷的公司。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Shamanismisthebeliefinaspiritualworldinwhichalllivingthingsareconnected.ItistheoldestformofsystematicbeliefinhumanhistoryasthereisevidenceofshamanismexistinginNeolithictimesthousandsofyearsago.PeopleinmostancientculturespracticedShamanisminsomeformduringtheirhistories.Whilesomefeaturesarecommontothepracticeofshamanism,mostculturesaddedtheirownuniqueaspects.Overtime,however,organizedreligionsbegantospringupinancientcivilizations,soshamanismwaseithersuppressedordisappearedentirely.Inmoderntimes,eventhoughsomepeoplepracticeit,mainstreamsocietymostlyviewsitskeptically.

Theriseofshamanisminancienttimescanbeattributedtomankind’sdesiretounderstandhowtheworldaroundhimworked.Lackingmodernscientificmethodsaswellastheknowledgetounderstandtheworld,peopleinancienttimescametobelievetherewasaspiritualconnectionbetweenman,animals,plants,themoon,thesunandthecosmosinitsentirety.Someculturesattributedthisspiritualpowertoadeityorpantheonofdeitieswhileotherscreditedittonatureasawhole.Overtime,someculturescreatedelaboratesetsofbeliefsandrituals—nowcalledshamanism—concerningthisspiritworld.Centraltothesebeliefsinmostcultureswasthenotionthatanindividualwithadeepconnectiontothespiritworld—ashaman—couldactasaguideandadvisortoothers.

Inmostcultures,shamansweremenwhoheldpositionsofprominence,butwomencouldbeshamansinsomeinstances.Ashaman’srolevariedfromculturetoculture,butsomeaspectsofitwerenearlyuniversal.Amongthemweretheperceivedabilitiestocommunicatewiththespiritualworld,totraveltothatworld,toseethefuture,tohealthesick,andtoguidethedeadtotheirfinalrestingplace.Shamansweretypicallycalledupontoactasadvisorsforagroup’sleaders,tousetheirskillstoaskforhelpduringtimesofneed,andtobethekeepersoftheircommunities’oralhistoryandtraditions,whichtheywouldpassontothenextgeneration.Typically,shamansworeelaboratecostumesthatreflectedtheirroleinsociety.AnimalmotifsintheiroutfitswerecommontoshamansinIndiantribesintheAmericas,yettheirgarbdifferedinotherregions.

Shamansusedavarietyofmethodstocalluponthespiritualworldforguidanceorassistancewiththesick.Theyemployedmusic,singing,andchanting,andtheysometimestookplantsthatinducedpsychedelictrances.Mostshamanswereskilledatrecognizingwhichplantswereusefulasmedicines,sothisaidedthemintheirrolesashealers.Mostshamanisticpracticesandskillswerekeptsecretfromoutsiders—evenfromothertribesinthesameculture—andshamansleftnowrittenrecords,soitisdifficultformodernanthropologiststounderstandmanyaspectsofshamanisminancientcultures.Eveninmoderntimes,manyprimitivetribesthatpracticeshamanism,suchasthoseintheAmazonRainforest,arereluctanttodivulgetheirsecretstooutsiders.

Whileshamanismprevailedduringprehistorictimes,itwentintoalongdeclinethathaslastedforthousandsofyears.TheriseofcivilizationandtheestablishingofstrongcentralgovernmentsinMesopotamianandEgyptwerethefirstinaseriesofstepsthatledtothefoundingoforganizedreligionandtherepressingofshamanism.ThedevelopmentofChristianityandthespreadofEuropeanbeliefsandculturearoundtheworldfurtherhelpedcontinuethetrendofshamanismbecomingirrelevant.Forinstance,theEuropeansoftenforciblyconvertednativesinNorthandSouthAmericantoChristianityandmadethemabandontheirshamanisticpractices.

Shamanismneverdiedoutentirelydespitesomepeople’sbesteffortstomakethishappen.Infact,manytribesresistedeffortstostampitoutandcontinuedobservingtheirbeliefsinprivate.Today,shamanismhasbecomemoreaccepted,anditispracticedopenlyinnumerousplacesaroundtheworld,includinginmodernsocietiesinNorthAmerica,SouthAmericaandAsia.Forexample,theHmongpeopleofsoutheastAsiabroughtshamanismtotheUnitedStateswhentheymigratedthereinlargenumbersinlate1900s.Still,despitethisslightrenewalinshamanisticbeliefs,manypeopleregarditassuperstitionfromamoreprimitiveage.

16.Instatingthatorganizedreligionsbegantospringup,theauthormeansthattheorganizedreligions________.

17.Theauthor’sdescriptionofshamanisminparagraph1mentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

18.Thewordperceivedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

19.Accordingtoparagraph4,anthropologistshaveproblemsunderstandingshamanismbecause________.

20.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthefinalparagraphofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.gainedpopularity

B.wereestablished

C.inspiredpeople

D.causedproblem

问题2选项

A.Manyculturesaroundtheworldoncepracticedsomeformofshamanism

B.Shamanismhasexistedasahumanbeliefsystemforseveralmillennia

C.Itwastheinspirationforanumberoforganizedreligionsthatwerefounded

D.Certainaspectsofshamanismtendtobedifferentfromculturetoculture

问题3选项

A.innate

B.supposed

C.invaluable

D.imaginary

问题4选项

A.fewbooksthatshamansrecordedtheirknowledgeinhavebeenfound

B.itisdifficulttounderstandthemindsofshamansfromthepast

C.theknowledgethatpastshamanspossessedwasneverrecorded

D.mostshamanstodayareunwillingtoimparttheirknowledgetoothers

问题5选项

A.TheonlyplacesonEarthwhereshamanismcontinuestosurvivearetheAmericasandAsia.

B.Thereareseveralcontinentswhereshamanismispracticedintheopenwithoutfearofrepression.

C.Evenintheworld’smostmodernsocieties,somepeopleareopen-mindedenoughtoacceptshamanism.

D.Thankstopeopleonsomecontinents,shamanismhasnotbeenforgottenbutisstillpracticedtoday.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】16.语义推测题。springup的意思是“出现”，根据第一段第二句Itistheoldestformofsystematicbeliefinhumanhistory（萨满教是人类历史上最古老的系统信仰形式）和五句Overtime,however,organizedreligionsbegantospringupinancientcivilizations,soshamanismwaseithersuppressedordisappearedentirely.（然而，随着时间的推移，有组织的宗教开始在古代文明中涌现，所以萨满教要么被压制，要么完全消失。），可知在这之前其他宗教没有出现，推测这里指其他宗教被建立，所以B选项“被建立”符合题意。A选项“得到普及”，C选项“鼓舞人们”和D选项“引起问题”语义不符，故错误。因此B选项正确。

17.事实细节题。A选项“世界上许多文化都曾经存在过某种形式的萨满教”：根据第一段第三句PeopleinmostancientculturespracticedShamanisminsomeformduringtheirhistories.（在大多数古代文化中，人们在他们的历史中都以某种形式信奉萨满教。），可知许多文化都存在过某种形式的萨满教，故错误。B选项“萨满教作为人类的信仰体系已经存在了几千年”：根据第一段第二句thereisevidenceofshamanismexistinginNeolithictimesthousandsofyearsago（有证据表明，萨满教存在于几千年前的新石器时代），可知萨满教已存在几千年，故错误。D选项“各文化萨满教在某些方面的倾向于不同”：根据第一段第四句mostculturesaddedtheirownuniqueaspects（大多数文化都添加了自己独特的方面），可知各个文化的萨满教不尽相同，故错误。C选项“这是许多有组织的宗教建立的灵感”：文章没有提到其他宗教的建立和萨满教的关系，因此C选项正确。

18.语义推测题。根据第三段第三句Amongthemweretheperceivedabilitiestocommunicatewiththespiritualworld,totraveltothatworld,toseethefuture,tohealthesick,andtoguidethedeadtotheirfinalrestingplace.（其中包括与精神世界沟通的感知能力，去那个世界旅行，看到未来，治愈病人，引导死者到他们最后的安息之地），perceived意思是感知到的，结合句意可知这种感知能力是一种天赋，所以A选项innate“天生的”符合题意，故正确。B选项supposed“假设的；期望的”，C选项invaluable“无价的”和D选项imaginary“想象的”语义不符，故错误。因此A选项正确。

19.事实细节题。根据第四段倒数第二句shamansleftnowrittenrecords,soitisdifficultformodernanthropologiststounderstandmanyaspectsofshamanisminancientcultures（萨满教没有留下任何书面记录，因此现代人类学家很难了解古代文化中萨满教的许多方面），可知现在人们很难了解古萨满是因为没有书面记录，所以C选项“在过去，从来没有记录关于萨满的知识”正确，A选项“很少找到记载关于萨满的知识的书籍”错误。B选项“很难理解久远的萨满教思想”和D选项“如今，大多数萨满不愿意把他们的知识传授给别人”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

20.主旨大意题。根据第六段第三句Today,shamanismhasbecomemoreaccepted,anditispracticedopenlyinnumerousplacesaroundtheworld,includinginmodernsocietiesinNorthAmerica,SouthAmericaandAsia.（如今，萨满教已经被越来越多的人接受，并且在世界各地的许多地方公开运用，包括在北美、南美和亚洲的现代社会。），可知萨满教在现在也有人接受，所以C选项“即使在世界上最现代的社会，一些人也足够开明，接受萨满教”正确。A选项“世界上只有美洲和亚洲的萨满教仍然存在”：这里没有提到萨满教存在的地区，故错误。B选项“有几个大洲的萨满教在思想开放的地区运用，所以不怕被镇压”：文章没有提到萨满教是否怕被镇压，故错误。D选项“因为一些大陆上的人们，萨满教没有被遗忘，仍然存在”：没有强调因为大陆上的人所做的行为让萨满教继续存在，主要是各部落的努力，故错误。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

IfsecuritiesofaforeigncorporationaresoldintheUS,thecorporationis（）totheUSlaw.

问题1选项

A.dedicated

B.subject

C.projected

D.loyal

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。dedicated“专注于”;subject服从的；projected“突出的”;loyal“忠诚的”。句意：外国公司的证券在美国出售的前提就是必需服从美国的法律。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.Thereallybigquestion,however,iswhetherthisisjustacyclicalblip,orthestartofatrulyhistoriclong-termtrend.

BothviewpointswillhavetheirsupportersinDavos.ThosewhopredictthecontinuingdominanceofthewesternworldwillarguethattheUSeconomyisalreadybeginningtorecoverandthatithasconsistentlysurprisedskepticswithitstechnologicalprowessandeconomicresilience.

AsforEurope,somebelievethattheeurozonecrisishasalreadypeaked.Theyarguethatmarketconfidenceisreturning,thattheGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealthandthattheEuropeanUnionisbeginningtoputinplacethereformsthatwillmakeEUmoreresilientandunifiedinfuture.

Optimismaboutwesternstrengthisoftencombinedwithcertainskepticismaboutthe"Asianmiracle".TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.SessionsonIndiawillhearcautionsabouteverythingfromcorruptiontowatershortageandarmedrebellionsinthecountryside.

Ingeneral,however,optimismaboutAsiaandpessimismaboutthewestislikelytobetheprevailingmood.EventhoughtheUSeconomyisnowgrowing,anapparentbudgetdeficitandarisingnational'debtpresentapictureofbotheconomicandpoliticalweakness.Similarly,thethreatofsovereign-debtcrisescontinuestohoverovertheEU—anditspoliticalresponsehassofarbeenanythingbutconvincing.

Theconventionalwisdomisthataprofoundshiftofeconomicandpoliticalpowerfromwesttoeastisindeedunderway.Thenextquestioniswhetherthetransitionwillbesmoothorturbulent.

Onceagain,bothsidesoftheargumentwillbeaired.Theoptimistswillarguethattheworldisalreadymovingtowardsanewphaseinthestoryofglobalization.TheybelievethatUSangeraboutallegedChinesecurrencymanipulationandmercantilismwillbeblunted,asChinaallowsitscurrencytoappreciateandastheChinesecomermarketbeanstofulfillitspotential.TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.Accordingtotheoptimisticscenario,thewesternworldwillabandonanyflirtationwithprotectionism,asitincreasinglyrealizesthatthegrowthmarketsforthewest'slargecompanieslieincountriessuchasChina,IndiaandBrazil.ThecurrentsurgeinEuropeancarsalestoChinacouldbecitedasanencouragingexampleofthistrend.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.ThethemeoftheDavosEconomicForumwouldbe（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheGermaneconomyis（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedasadragonChina'seconomicgrowthinthepassage?

5.TheChina-USrelationshipwillbeaverychallengingonebecause（）.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

问题2选项

A.currentproblemsinworld'seconomicrecovery

B.therestructuringofworldeconomyinthepost-crisisera

C.continueddominanceofthewestintheworldeconomy

D.theneedtoaddressthelatestdevelopmentsintheworldeconomy

问题3选项

A.inverygoodshape

B.recoveringgradually

C.experiencingsomeproblems

D.undergoingreforms

问题4选项

A.ageingpopulation

B.highinflation

C.resourceshortages

D.China-USrelations

问题5选项

A.itishardtobalancethedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowers

B.itembodiesalltheproblemsbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers

C.itispartofthestoryofglobalization

D.theUSisangryaboutChina'seconomicandfinancialpractices

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.作者态度题。纵观全文，作者在文章中只是客观地讲述和分析了世界各国的经济与政治情况，作者并没有过多的发表自己的个人看法，所以在讨论文章中的一些问题的时候，应该是中立的态度。选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知随着全球政治和商业精英齐聚达沃斯，占主导地位的经济和政治趋势是明显的。在大萧条之后，西方和亚洲强国的不同命运已成为一个重要的主题。接下来的文章讲述了不同国家的发展情况及整个世界的经济发展态势。可推断出它的主题应该是危机过后世界经济结构的调整。选项B符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第三段，“theGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealth”，可知作为欧元区核心的德国，经济状况是好的。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.”，可知中国不断上升的通胀，以及环境恶化和社会老龄化对中国构成的长期风险。所以中美关系在文中没有提及。选项D符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第一段，“IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知在大萧条之后，西方和亚洲强国的不同命运已成为一个重要的主题。即西方和亚洲强国的经济实力存在差异。根据文章最后一段，“TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.”，可知中美关系被视为发达国家与新兴大国之间新关系的缩影。即中美之间的关系反映了发达国家与新兴国家之间的财富差距。可推断出中美关系具有挑战性的原因在于很难平衡西方和亚洲强国的发展差距。选项A符合题意。

18.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

礼仪之于社会犹如衣着之于个人。人若不穿衣服，就会一丝不挂，令人耻笑，必然导致道德败坏；社会耍是没有礼仪，就会陷入可怕的境地，而社会成员之间所必需的交往就会被无谓的冲突和纠纷所干扰。假定社会是一列火车，礼仪就好比轨道，火车只能沿着它隆隆前进。假定社会是一辆贵宾车，礼仪就好比轮子与轴，马车只有靠它们才能滚滚前进。缺了礼节，最亲密的朋友会变成死敌，友好或结盟的国家会兵戎相见。我们可以从人类历史上找到许多这种例子。因此我劝你对于任何人都要讲礼仪，并且尽力不做违背礼仪的事，以免冒犯他人或者树敌。

【答案】Etiquettetosocietyiswhatapparelistotheindividual.Withoutapparelmenwouldgoinshamefulnuditywhichwouldsurelyleadtothecorruptionofmorals;andwithoutetiquettesocietywouldbeinapitiablestateandthenecessaryintercoursebetweenitsmemberswouldbeinterferedwithbyneedlessoffencesandtroubles.Ifsocietywereatrain,theetiquettewouldbetherailsalongwhichonlythetraincouldrumbleforth;ifsocietywereastatecoach,theetiquettewouldbethewheelsandaxis,onwhichonlythecoachcouldrollforward.Thelackofproprietieswouldmakethemostintimatefriendsturntobethemostdecidedenemiesandthefriendlyoralliedcountriesdeclarewaragainsteachother.Wecanfindmanyexamplesinthehistoryofmankind.ThereforeIadviseyoutostandonceremonybeforeanyoneelseandtotakepainsnottodoanythingagainstetiquettelestyougiveoffencesormakeenemies.

19.单选题

Whilethemissionofpublicschoolshasexpandedbeyondeducationtoincludesocialsupportandextra-curricularactivities,theacademicschedulehaschangedlittleinmorethanacentury.

Reclaimingtheschooldayforacademicinstructionandescapingthetime-boundtraditionsofeducationarevitalstepsintheschool-reformprocess,saysareportreleasedtodaybytheNationalEducationCommissiononTimeandLearning.

Thecommission'sreport,titled"PrisonersofTime,"callsthefixedclockandcalendarinAmericaneducationa"fundamentaldesignflaw”indesperateneedofchange."Timeshouldservechildreninsteadofchildrenservingtime,"thereportsays.

Thetwo-yearcommissionfoundthatholdingAmericanstudentsto"world-classstandards"willrequiremoretimeforclassroominstruction."Wehavebeenaskingtheimpassibleofourstudentsthattheylearnasmuchastheirforeignpeerswhilespendinghalfasmuchasincoreacademicsubjects,"itstates.

TheCommissioncomparedtherelationshipsbetweentimeandlearninginJapan,Germany,andtheUnitedStatesandfoundthatAmericanstudentsreceivelessthanhalfthebasicacademicinstructionthatJapaneseandGermanstudentsareprovided.Onaverage,Americanstudentscanearnahighschooldiplomaiftheyspendonly41percentoftheirschooltimeonacademics,saysthereport.

Americanstudentsspendanaverageofthreehoursadayon“core”academicssuchasEnglish,math,science,andhistory,thecommissionfound.Theirreportrecommendsofferingaminimumof5.5hoursofacademicseveryschoolday.

Thenine-membercommissionalsorecommendslengtheningtheschooldaybeyondthetraditionalsixhours.

"Ifschoolswanttocontinueofferingimportantactivitiesoutsidetheacademiccore,aswellasservingasahubforfamilyandcommunityservices,theyshouldkeepschooldoorsopenlongereachdayandeachyear,"saysJohnHodgeJones,superintendentofschoolsinMurfreesboro,Tenn.,andchairmanofthecommission.

ThetypicalschoolyearinAmericanpublicschoolsis180days.Elevenstatesallowschoolyearsof175daysorless,andonlyonestaterequiresmorethan180days.

"Foroveradecade,educationreformadvocateshavebeenworkingfeverishlytoimproveourschools,"saysMiltonGoldberg,executivedirectorofthecommission.“But…ifreformistotrulytakehold,thesix-hour,180-dayschoolyearshouldberelegatedtomuseums—anexhibitfromoureducationpast"

1.Comparedwiththeacademiccoursesmorethanahundredyearsago,theacademiccoursesnow（）.

2.Theresearchesbythecommissionmentionedinthepassagearemostconcernedabout（）.

3.Asismentionedinthepassage,schoolsintheUnitedStatesdothefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.AmericanstudentsdifferfromthoseinJapan,Germanyinthat（）.

5.ExecutivedirectorofthecommissionMiltonGoldbergwouldmostprobablyagreethat（）.

问题1选项

A.includesomeextra-curricularactivities

B.focusmoreoneducationofsocialsupport

C.demandstudents'morecontributionoftime

D.remainmoreorlesswhattheyusedtobe

问题2选项

A.thetimeattributedtoacademiclearning

B.thecomponentsofschooleducation

C.thechangesineducationintherecentcentury

D.thefashionofeducationmanagement

问题3选项

A.providingimportantoutside-academicactivities

B.servingsocialunitssuchasfamilyandcommunity

C.arrangingsix-hourteachingandlearningeveryday

D.havingcompetitionwithschoolsofothercountries

问题4选项

A.theystayatschoolforashortertimeeveryday

B.theydonotlearnasmuchastheircounterpartsabroad

C.theydevotelesstimetoacademiclearning

D.theyearnahighschooldiplomamoreeasily

问题5选项

A.whattheeducationreformadvocateshavedoneisnotgoodenough

B.thetimeofschooldayandschoolyearshouldbeextended.

C.visitingmuseumscanimprovestudents'academiclearningability.

D.socialsupportandextra-curricularactivitiesshouldbecancelled.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。第一段中的“Whilethemissionofpublicschoolshasexpandedbeyondeducationtoincludesocialsupportandextra-curricularactivities,theacademicschedulehaschangedlittleinmorethanacentury.虽然公立学校的任务已经拓展到教育以外的社会支持和课外活动，但在一个多世纪里学术时间安排却变化很小。”可推断D“仍然跟过去差不多”正确；故C“要求学生贡献更多时间”不正确。A“extra-curricularactivities课外活动”属于学校任务，不属于学术课程；B“更注重社会支持的教育”文中没有提及。

2.事实细节题。第二段中“Reclaimingtheschooldayforacademicinstructionandescapingthetime-boundtraditionsofeducationarevitalstepsintheschool-reformprocess，…在学校改革的过程中，恢复以学术为导向的学校教学日和跳出有时限的传统教育是学校改革进程至关重要的步骤”可推断A“用到学术学习上的时间”正确；故C“最近这个世纪的教育变化”不正确。B“学校教育的构成”及D“教学管理的方式”在文中没有提及。

3.事实细节题。由倒数第三段中“Ifschoolswanttocontinueofferingimportantactivitiesoutsidetheacademiccore,aswellasservingasahubforfamilyandcommunityservices如果学校想继续提供学术核心以外的重要活动，以及充当家庭和社区服务的中心…”可推断A与B在文中有提及；由倒数第四段中“lengtheningtheschooldaybeyondthetraditionalsixhours.延长传统的6小时教学日时长…可推断C在文中有提及；D“和其他国家的学校进行竞争”在文中没有提及，故D项为正确选项。

4.事实细节题。由第五段中“...foundthatAmericanstudentsreceivelessthanhalfthebasicacademicinstructionthatJapaneseandGermanstudentsareprovided….发现美国学生接受的基本学术教育不到日本和德国学生的一半”可推知C“与德国和日本的学生不同的是美国学生在学术学习上投入的时间较少”正确。A“美国学生每天在校时间较少”在文中没有提及，由第四段中“…thattheylearnasmuchastheirforeignpeerswhilespendinghalfasmuchasincoreacademicsubject…美国学生所学的东西和他们的外国同龄人一样多，但花在核心学术学科上的时间却只有他们的一半…”可知B与D不正确。

5.判断推理题。由最后一段中“Butifreformistotrulytakehold,thesix-hour,180-dayschoolyearshouldberelegatedtomuseums—anexhibitfromoureducationpast"但是…如果改革真的生效，那么每天6个小时，一年180天的上学时间就应该被归入到博物馆中来展示我们过去的教育”可推断“MiltonGoldberg支持每天上学的时间和每学年的天数被延长”，故B正确；也由此知C“参观博物馆能提升学生的学术学习能力”不正确。最后一段中“Foroveradecade,educationreformadvocateshavebeenworkingfeverishlytoimproveourschools…过去的十来年，教育改革倡导者们一直在狂热地努力改进我们的学校”可推断A“教育改革倡导者所做的还不够”不符合原文；D“社会支持与课外活动应被取消”在原文中未提及。

20.单选题

NewEnergySourcestotheRescueAspetrolpricesrise,policymakersandventurecapitalistsaresuddenlyembracingalternatives.Willthetrendlast?

Reasonsforthechange

Inhislongcareerincountrymusic,WillieNelsonhasalwaysbeenontheleftsideofallthings.Now,at73,heisinthevanguard.Mr.Nelson,wholivesonabigfarmoutsideAustin,powershiscarwiththehelpofvegetableoil.Hehasevencreatedhisownlineofthiscleaner-burningdieselblend.Hecalledit“BioWillie”,whichisdistributedatseveralsitesinTexasandisgoingnational,too.Mr.NelsonarguesthatitwillhelpAmerica’sfarmers,truckers,andtheenvironmentwhile,atthesametime,reducingdependenceonforeignpetroleum.

WithhighpetrolpricescausingtroublesinWashington,D.C.,everyoneistryingtofindoutalternatives.Soyabeans,canola(rapeseed),switchgrass,anything,isbeinginvestigated.EvenGeorgeBush,aformeroilmanwhosupportsloyallytheindustrialdevelopment,calledlastweekformoreresearchintoethanolandbio-diesel-twokeytypesofbio-fuelsandboldlypredictedthat“ethanolwillreplacegasolineconsumption”.JimWoolsey,aformerheadoftheCIAnotesthatdevelopingbio-fuelsisinthenationalinterest,sinceitishightimeAmericastoppeditsrelianceonpetroleumfromforeigncountriesandsostoppedfundingsomefanaticalrelig