考研考博-英语-中华女子学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中华女子学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Tofightagainstcomputercrimes,acomputersystemneedsasurewayofidentifyingitsrightusersandrejectingthosewhoarenotentitledtouseit.Theidentificationsystemshouldbequick,simple,andconvenient.

Atpresent,signaturesarewidelyusedtoidentifycreditcardholders,butittakesanexperttodetectagoodforgery.Sometimesevenahumanexpertisfooled,andthereisnoreasontobelievethatacomputercoulddoanybetter,

Photographsarealsosometimesusedforidentification.But,peoplefinditinconvenienttostopbyacredit-cardcompanyandtobephotographed.Companiesmightlosebusinessiftheymadethepicturesunderabsoluterequirement.Also,photographsarelessusefulthesedays,whenpeoplefrequentlychangetheirappearancebychangingthewaytheyweartheirhair.Finally,computerprogramsforanalyzingphotographsarestillhighlyexperimental.

Cash-drawingsystemsoftenusetwoidentificationnumbers:Oneisrecordedonamagneticstripeontheidentificationcards,andtheotherisgiventotheCRSholder.Whentheuserinsertshiscardintothecash-drawingterminal,hekeysintheidentificationnumberhehasbeengiven.Thecomputercheckstoseethatthenumberrecordedonthecardandtheotherkeyedinbytheuserrefertothesameperson.

Foralongtime,fingerprintshaveprovidedamethodofpositiveidentification.Buttheysufferfromtwoproblems.Oneisthatthereisnosimplesystemforcomparingfingerprintselectronically,theotheristhatbecausemostpeopleassociatebeingfingerprintedwithbeingarrested;theymostsurelywouldresistbeingfingerprintedforroutineidentification.

Voiceprintshavesuggested.Withthese,theuserhasonlytospeakafewwordsforthecomputertoanalyzehisvoice.Therearenopsychologicalproblemshere.Andtechnicallyit’seasiertotakeandanalyzevoiceprintsthanfingerprints.However,ithasyettobeprovedthatthecomputerline.

Evenlipprintshavebeensuggested.Butit’sdoubtfulthatkissingcomputerwillevercatch.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneoftheidentificationsystemrequirements?

2.Themostreliableandconvenientidentificationmethodinpresentuseis______.

3.Ifthetechnicalproblemscanbeworkedout,whichmethodisthemostpromising?

4.Whichofthefollowingmethodsistheleastpsychologicallyacceptable?

5.Thepassageisorganizedby______.

问题1选项

A.Convenience.

B.Reliability.

C.Lowcosts.

D.Acceptability.

问题2选项

A.signatures

B.photographs

C.fingerprints

D.magneticstripes

问题3选项

A.Voiceprints.

B.Fingerprints.

C.Photographs.

D.Signatures.

问题4选项

A.Photgraphs.

B.Lipprints.

C.Fingerprints.

D.Voiceprints.

问题5选项

A.asimplelistingoffacts

B.presentingasolutionanddiscussingitsadvantagesordisadvantages

C.causeandeffect

D.comparisonandcontrast

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“Theidentificationsystemshouldbequick,simple,andconvenient.”识别系统的要求包括快速、简单和便捷。只有选项C未提及。

2.根据第二段的第一句“Atpresent,signaturesarewidelyusedtoidentifycreditcardholders,butittakesanexperttodetectagoodforgery.”由此可知,签名存在鉴定困难的问题,排除A。根据第三段第一句话“Photographsarealsosometimesusedforidentification.But,peoplefinditinconvenienttostopbyacreditcardcompanyandtobephotographed.”可知照片存在着应用不方便的问题,排除B。根据第五段“Foralongtime,fingerprintshaveprovidedamethodofpositiveidentification.Buttheysufferfromtwoproblems.”可知,指纹也存在两个问题,排除C。所以,本题选D。

3.根据原文可知,作者在文中提到了几种识别方式的各种问题，而且认为声纹比指纹识别更好，只是由于技术问题还没有被开发出来，由此推断声纹将成为最有发展前景的识别方式。选项A正确。

4.根据第五段的最后一句“theymostsurelywouldresistbeingfingerprintedforroutineidentification.”由此可见,大部分人将取指纹与被捕联系起来,他们肯定不会为了例行的身份鉴定而接受指纹鉴定。因此,从心理上讲,最不能接受的是取指纹。

5.本题考察行文思路,文章在首段提出计算机识别系统的基本原则,然后分别分析几种不同识别方法的利弊。也就是说,本题是通过提出一个解决办法然后进行利弊分析的方式来展开的。因此,选项B正确。

2.单选题

Theword“conservation”hasathriftymeaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“limitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.

Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termsclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.

Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertableinthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatershedsneedtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis____.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat____.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn’trealize____.

4.Toavoidrepeatingthemistakeofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat____.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“livingspace...isfigured...alsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth”(Para.3)?

问题1选项

A.positive

B.neutral

C.suspicious

D.critical

问题2选项

A.theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestry

B.theyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotection

C.theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudy

D.theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials

问题3选项

A.theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthings

B.theimportanceoftheproperuseofland

C.theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloods

D.thevalueofthebeautyofnature

问题4选项

A.weplantmoretrees

B.naturalsciencebetaughttoeverybody

C.environmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone

D.wereturntonature

问题5选项

A.Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller.

B.Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume.

C.Weneedtotakesomemeasuretoprotectspace.

D.Wemustpreservegoodlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.观点态度题。题干“作者对自然资源开发现状的态度是____。”根据原文第3段第1句Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.（为了我们自己和后人的利益，我们现在必须着手弥补前人的错误。）可知，作者认为前人对自然资源开采的行为是错误的，并且后文一直在写我们应该怎样节约资源、保护环境，所以D选项“批评的”最符合，排除A选项“肯定的”、B选项“中立的”、C选项“怀疑的”。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词“thegreatestmistakeofourforefathers”（我们前人最大的错误）定位到原文第3段第1、2句Forthesakeof…repairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.（为了我们自己和后人的利益，我们现在必须着手弥补前人的错误。因此，保护环境应该成为每个人日常生活的一部分。）为了弥补前人的错误，我们要保护环境，说明前人的行为破坏了环境，没有意识到保护环境的重要性。B选项“他们几乎没有环境保护意识”表述与原文相符。A、C选项可定位到原文第2段第1句Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea…（五十年前，自然研究不是学校工作的一部分；科学林业是一个新概念……）科学林业在50年前虽然是一个新概念，但前人对他并不是一无所知，选项表述错误，且这并不能说明“对科学林业一无所知”并不是“最大的错误”，排除A选项“他们对科学林业一无所知”；同理，原文只是提到了“自然研究不是学校工作的一部分”，这不能说明“没有意识到自然研究的重要性”是“最大的错误”，排除C选项“他们没有意识到自然研究的重要性”；D选项“他们不知道如何充分利用原材料”可定位到原文第1段第3句Ourforefathershadnoideathat…thetreasureswere“limitless”and“inexhaustible”.（我们的祖先不知道人口的增长会比原材料的供应更快；甚至直到最近，他们中的大多数人还愚蠢地认为资源是“无穷尽的”，“用之不竭的”。）由此可知，先人们并非不知道如何充分利用原材料（即自然资源），而是不知道自然资源也是有限的，排除D选项；也可以佐证B选项的正确性，因为他们没有环境保护意识认为自然资源“用之不竭”，而过分开采，破坏了环境。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

3.判断推理题。根据题干“从第3段可以推断出，之前的几代人没有意识到____”定位到第3段。第3段开头讲“为了弥补前人的错误，每个人都要保护环境”；接着用3个“weneedto”开头的句子讲“我们应该怎么做”，①第3段第4句Weneedtoknowwhy…beforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.（我们需要知道，为什么所有的河流流域都需要植物的保护，为什么小溪和河流必须在它们最终流入海洋之前充分惠及土壤。）；②第3段第5句Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.（我们需要被教导种树和砍伐树木的责任。）；③第3段第6句Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspace…abovetheearth（我们需要知道高大成熟植被的重要性，因为大多数跟人类一样生活在这个星球上的生物，它们的生存空间不仅用平方的面积来计算，还用地表上方立方的体积来计算）；最后1句总结Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.（简而言之，我们的目标应该是尽可能地恢复自然的原始美。）由此推断，前人对自然资源的过度开采，破坏了环境，破坏了自然的原始美，D选项（没有意识到）“自然之美的价值”最符合原文。A选项“水、土壤和生物的相互依赖”、B选项“合理使用土地的重要性”、C选项“土壤破坏和河水泛滥的危害”都是根据具体的措施推断出来的，比较片面，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

4.断推理题。根据题干“为了避免重复我们祖先的错误，作者建议____”定位到原文第3段。根据第3段给出的3个建议：①第3段第4句Weneedtoknowwhy…beforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.（我们需要知道，为什么所有的河流流域都需要植物的保护，为什么小溪和河流必须在它们最终流入海洋之前充分惠及土壤。）；②第3段第5句Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.（我们需要被教导种树和砍伐树木的责任。）；③第3段第6句Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,because…（我们需要知道高大成熟的树木的重要性，因为……。）由这3个建议可以概括出，作者的建议都是“我们要知道什么”“我们要学习什么”，即要普及环境保护的知识，提高人们的环境保护意识，C选项“应面向所有人进行环境教育”最符合原文。A选项“我们要种更多的树”、B选项“向每个人教授自然科学知识”（原文建议中教授的是环境保护相关的知识，自然科学的表述不准确；而且环境保护才是全文的主题。）、D选项“我们要回归自然”原文均未提及。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

5.判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文第3段倒数第二句Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspace…abovetheearth（我们需要知道高大成熟植被的重要性，因为大多数跟人类一样生活在这个星球上的生物，它们的生存空间不仅用平方的面积来计算，还用地表上方立方的体积来计算）。这句话介绍了其他生物的生存空间的两种计算方式：第一，用平方算面积；即横切面土地面积的大小；第二，立方算体积，即三维空间里生存的空间包括森林植被等。由此可知，该句只是在介绍计算其他生物生存空间的不同角度，并不涉及生存空间的变化。A选项“我们（人类）在地球上的生活空间越来越小”属过度推断，排除；B选项“我们的生活空间应该以立方体积来衡量”，原文介绍的是其他生物生存空间的两种计算方式，即使要类比，人类生存空间的计算方式也应该是两种都要，B选项表述不完整，排除；C选项“我们需要采取一些措施来保护太空”对原文理解有误，全文都是围绕环境保护展开的，原文中的abovetheearth应该指的是“地表以上”；而不是地球以上即太空，排除；D选项“我们必须为鸟类和动物保持良好的生活条件。”原句告诉我们，地表上方的立体空间也是其他生物的生存空间，并且原文这句话是要说明高大成熟植被的重要性，即我们要保护植被，这一点与全文主题保护环境也相符合，D选项符合原文。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

3.单选题

Manynovelsthatattempttothemirrortheworldarereally（

）oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

问题1选项

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reflection“反映”；demonstration“示范”；illumination“照明”；reproduction“繁殖”。句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实。选项A符合题意。

4.翻译题

Analystshaverepeatedlypredictedthatthe“internetofthings”,whichaddssensorsandinternetcapabilitytoeverydayphysicalobjects,couldtransformthelivesofindividualsasdramaticallyasthespreadofthemobileinternet.Providershavefocusedonthehome,toutingproductssuchascoffeepotsthatturnonwhenthealarmclockrings,lightingandblindsthatadjusttothetimeofday,andfridgesthatsendanalertwhenthemilkrunsout.Butsofarconsumershavebeenlargelyresistanttomakingtheirhomes“smart”.That’snotforwantoftryingbytechfirms,whichhavepouredcashintotheireffortstoconnecteverydayobjectstotheInternet.

【答案】

分析人士曾多次预测，将传感器和互联网功能添加到日常物理物体上的“物联网”，可能会像移动互联网的普及一样，极大地改变个人生活。供应商主要关注家居领域，他们兜售各种家居产品。例如：当闹钟响起时就会自动启动的咖啡壶、可根据一天时间变化自动调节的智能灯具和百叶窗帘，以及当牛奶喝光时就会自动发送提醒的冰箱等等。然而，迄今为止，顾客大力抵制此类家庭智能化。这并不是因为科技公司没有全力以赴，为使家居产品具备联网功能，科技公司投入了大量财力。

5.翻译题

residentialarea,leavesofblackbarrier,plaque,arch

二大门

二大门建于1909年，是清华大学的老校门。1933年，校园扩大，西区住宅区延伸，（同时）新校门修建（即现在的西校门）。梁实秋在清华大学读书的时候，这样描述它的老校门：清华大学的老校门由灰砖砌成，复以白漆，笼罩在淡淡的乳白色中，与总是半开着的两扇黑色棚栏相映衬。

在拱形大门的横匾上刻着三个醒目的中国字“清华园”，为清朝末期一个叫作那同的达官所书写。大门在文化革命初期被损毁，直到1991年才重新修复。

【答案】TheSecondGate,builtin1909,istheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversity.In1933,thecampuswasexpanded,theWestSideresidentialareawasextended,andthenewschoolgate(nowtheWestGate)wasbuilt.

WhenLiangShiqiuwasastudentatTsinghuaUniversity,hedescribeditsoldgatethisway:TheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversitywasbuiltofgreybrick,cladinwhitepaint,andenvelopedinapalemilkywhite,setoffbytwoleavesofblackbarrierthatwerealwayshalfopen.

OnthehorizontalplaqueofthearchedgatearethreestrikingChinesecharacters“QingHuaYuan”,writtenbyanofficialnamedNatonginthelateQingDynasty.ThegatewasdamagedatthebeginningoftheCulturalRevolutionandwasnotrestoreduntil1991.

6.单选题

Weareto（）10,000,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.

问题1选项

A.turnin

B.turnout

C.turnup

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】turnin"交上,归还";turnout"证明是,结果是,生产";turnup"出现,发生";turnto"变成,求助于"。句意:我们计划明年生产一万台电脑以满足市场的需求。turnout在这里是生产的意思,所以选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall（）inallthree.

问题1选项

A.rare

B.lacking

C.short

D.scarce

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的”；lacking“缺乏的；没有的；不足的”；short“短的；不足的；矮的”；scarce“缺乏的；不足的；稀有的”，这四个词是同义词，都有“缺乏的”的意思，但是这里fallshort是一个固定搭配，表示“不足；缺乏”。句意：当我们认为成功的人具有智慧、强健的体魄和好运时，我们只是在为我们……以上三种因素而找借口。故正确答案为选项C。

8.单选题

Mygrandfatherhadalwaystakena（）interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.

问题1选项

A.splendid

B.weighty

C.vague

D.keen

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项splendid“壮丽的”；B选项weighty“重的”；C选项vague“模糊的”；D选项keen“热切的”。句意：我的祖父一直对我的作品很感兴趣，我也同样欣赏他那个时代的故事。本句表示有浓厚的兴趣，因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

问题1选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题2选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题3选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题4选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:F

第3题:E

第4题:G

【解析】1.根据SectionA的主要内容，可知该段首先介绍了各种类型的欺凌，然后具体分析了英国小学的欺凌现象，可判断出整个段落的主要内容为：对英国学校欺凌现象的调查。选项Ⅳ符合题意。

2.根据SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且会让经历欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮丧。在极端情况下，它甚至会导致自杀。下文继续提到了受到欺凌的小学生在成年后更容易遇到交际困难。可判断出本段主要提到欺凌对孩子们带来的影响。选项Ⅵ符合题意。

3.根据SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知过去学校会否认学校欺凌这个问题，声称学校没有欺凌事件。下文继续提到学校的态度发生了改变，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，许多学校现在承认欺凌现象的出现，并且会有明确的应对措施。可判断出本段主要提到了学校对欺凌事件的态度变化。选项V符合题意。

4.根据SectionD第一句“Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.”，可知本段主要对学校态度转变的原因进行了解释，此句为中心句。可判断出此段的主要内容为导致学校采取新的应对方法的原因，选项Ⅶ符合题意。

10.单选题

Myuncleisquitewormoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnolongertheman（

）hewasfifteenyearsago.

问题1选项

A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词theman表示人，不能用which，关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that引导。

句意：我叔叔经过多年的艰苦工作，累得精疲力竭。他不再是十五年前的那个人了。

11.单选题

The

Chairmanwasevidently__________by

Jim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

问题1选项

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组题。A选项putdown镇压，记下；B选项putacross圆满完成，解释清楚，使被人理解；C选项putaway放好，抛弃；D选项putout扑灭；恼怒。根据句意可知，董事长明显被吉姆的话激怒了，瞪了他好一会。因此，D项是正确答案。

12.单选题

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)-richandtheinfo-poor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess…afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon…werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

1.Digitaldivideissomething（）.

2.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit（）.

3.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof（）.

4.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsforeigninvestmentseemstobe（）.

问题1选项

A.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

B.therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

C.theworldmustguardagainst

D.consideredpositivetoday

问题2选项

A.offerseconomicpotentials

B.canbringforeignfunds

C.cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

D.connectspeopleallovertheworld

问题3选项

A.providingfinancialsupportoverseas

B.preventingforeigncapital’scontrol

C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure

D.acceptingforeigninvestment

问题4选项

A.howwelldevelopeditiselectronically

B.whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

C.whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern

D.howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

问题5选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：数字鸿沟是_______。通过题干关键词“digitaldivide”定位到第一段。第一句是对“数字鸿沟”所下的一个定义。其后作者提到MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago（他和妻子20年前就谈到这种隐伏的危险），这里的loomingdanger指的就是“thedigitaldivide”，即在世界范围内产生信息富裕和信息贫乏的两类国家。当时，作者就认为前途是乐观的，因为早在20年前就已经出现了一些防止产生这种分化的积极因素，只是当时这些因素还不太明显。同时定位到第二段，作者提到了“因特网的普及使这种鸿沟正得到缩小”，可见，A选项“因为因特网而变得糟糕”与原文意思相反，是错误的。B选项“富裕国家应该承担责任”，此内容文中没有提到，属于无中生有，所以B选项不正确。D选项“今天被认为是积极的”，根据第二段最后一句AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.（网络的普及能帮助世界战胜贫困。），在作者看来，这种鸿沟是不好的现象。D选项的说法显然是错误的，因为作者就是要消除这个鸿沟。综上所述，C选项“全世界都要警惕”，是正确的。

2.事实细节题。题干：政府重视因特网是因为它_______。通过题干关键词“government”“internet”定位到第二段，文中提到AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.（政府之所以大力推广因特网是出于因特网可能成为消除贫困的最好的工具的考虑）。第三段更是提到“Butithasenormouspotential”（因特网可能具有巨大的潜力）。因此可以判断A选项“提供很多经济可能”是正确的。B选项“可以带来海外投资”。在第四段ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.（在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资越多，你将变得越富裕。）。作者建议贫穷国家在利用外资方面放弃一些过时的偏见—如殖民、侵犯主权等概念，积极利用外资建立自己的电子基础设施，以便充分利用国际互联网提供的机遇，走向富裕。这里的逻辑并不是互联网带来外资，而是利用外资发展网络工程，所以B选项不正确。C选项“能很快消灭世界贫困”。虽然作者提到了国际互联网的利用可能是战胜贫困的工具，但这仅仅是一种潜在的力量，把这种力量转化为现实则取决于不同国家的努力，并没有说能够很快消除贫困，C选项不正确。D选项“将世界人民连到一起”。正像上面所分析的，政府关注国际互联网是因为它为经济的发展带来的巨大潜力，而不仅仅是它将世界连成一片这个事实，D选项过于片面。综上所述，A选项为正确答案。

3.作者意图题。题干：作者提到美国的案例是为了证明_________