考研考博-英语-乐山职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-乐山职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thecommitteeputseveryeffortintoenablingwomentospeakoutagainstsexualharassment,andtogethelpwhentheyarevictimsofit.Becausetheharassmentis（

）bysilence,women’svoicesmustbeheard.

问题1选项

A.persisted

B.impeded

C.divulged

D.sustained

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persist“坚持；存留”；B选项impede“阻碍”；C选项divulge“泄露”；D选项sustain“维持；支撑”。句意：委员会尽一切努力使妇女能够公开反对性骚扰，并在她们受到性骚扰时得到帮助。因为性骚扰是由沉默……的，所以必须倾听女性的声音。由句意可知，是沉默使骚扰持续。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Theirdiplomaticprinciplescompletelylaidbaretheir（）forworldconquest.

问题1选项

A.admiration

B.ambition

C.aspiration

D.orientation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项admiration“钦佩，赞赏”；B选项ambition“野心，抱负”；C选项aspiration“渴望”；D选项orientation“方向”。句意：他们的外交原则完全暴露了他们征服世界的野心。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Apartfromaninteresting-lookingcarveddagger,heboxwasfullofcrockery,muchofit（）.

问题1选项

A.break

B.tobreak

C.breaking

D.broken

【答案】D

【解析】句意：除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外,货箱内装满陶器,而且大部分都已破碎。分词作状语,花瓶应该是被打碎的,所以用broken。

4.单选题

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Atallchimney.

B.Ahugepieceofrock.

C.Thepeakofamountain.

D.Thestumpofagianttree.

问题2选项

A.Humanactivity.

B.Chemicalprocesses.

C.Windandwater.

D.Fireandfury.

问题3选项

A.Itwasbuiltinancienttimes.

B.Itisahistoricalmonument.

C.Itwascreatedbysupernaturalpowers.

D.ItisIndians’sacredplaceforworship.

问题4选项

A.Bykillingtheattackingbears.

B.Byshelteringtheminacave.

C.Byliftingthemwellabovetheground.

D.Bytakingthemtothetopofamountain.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】PassageOne

[9]Devil’sTower,thefirstnationalmonumentinAmerica,couldalmostbemistakenforthestumpofanenormoustree.Itssheerrocksidessweepupfromabroadbaseuntiltheycutoffabruptlyattheflatsummit.Risingmorethan1,000feetinthemiddleofthegentlyrollingplainsofWyoming,themassivecolumnofrock,looksasthoughitwasdroppeddownintothislocationfromadifferenttimeandplace.

Inasense,itwas.Devil’sTowerisarelicofthepastwhenthemeltedrockoftheearth’scoreforceditswaytothesurfacetoformthethroatofavolcano.Asthecenturiespassed,therockcooledandhardened,shrinkingandcrackingintolongcolumns,borninfireandfury.[10]Devil’sTowerwasthenshapedbytheslow,gentleworkofwindandwater.Theouterlayersofthevolcanowerewornawayuntilthehardcorestoodcompletelyexposed.

[11]SmallwonderthatanIndianlegenddescribedDevil’sTowerasbeingformedbysupernaturalpowers.Thelegendsaysthatwhensevengirlswereattackedbybears,theytookrefugeontopofasmallrock,andtheyappealedtotheRockGodforhelp.[12]TheGodcausedtherocktogrowandtoliftthegirlsfarabovetheground,whileitssideswerescoredbytheclawsoftheangrybears.Eventoday,saysthelegend,thegirlscanbeseenabovethetoweringrockassevenshiningstarsinthenightsky.

9.WhatdoesDevil’sTowerlooklike?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问恶魔塔看上去像什么？录音首句就指出，恶魔塔为美国的第一个国家纪念碑。因其独特的外形，差点被人们误认为是一棵巨大无比的树桩。因此D选项“巨大的树桩”正确。A选项“一个高大的烟囱”和C选项“一座山的顶峰”在录音中没有提及；B选项“一块巨大的岩石”，录音有提及恶魔塔实质上是由巨大的岩石构成，但题目问的是恶魔塔看上去像什么，因此B选项不符合题干。

10.Whatcausedthevolcano’souterlayertowearaway?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问是什么导致了火山表面的侵蚀？录音中有提到恶魔塔是如何形成的。它是由岩石冷却、变硬、收缩和断裂而最终形成的。在此漫长过程中，恶魔塔受到风化水蚀。火山表面被侵蚀掉，坚硬的中心岩石完全暴露出来。因此，C选项正确。A选项“人类活动”和B选项“化学过程”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“火的燃烧与灼热”，录音中提到此信息是描述恶魔塔所产生的环境，并不是其外层被侵蚀掉的原因，因此D选项不正确。

11.WhatdoesanIndianlegendsayaboutDevil’sTower?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于恶魔塔的印第安传说是怎样的？录音提到，印第安传说中说魔鬼塔是由超自然力量形成的。C选项“它是由超自然力量创造的”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它是在远古时代建造的”和D选项“它是印第安人敬奉的圣地”在录音中没有信息提及；B选项“它是一个历史纪念碑”，录音中虽有提及恶魔塔是一座国家纪念碑（nationalmonument），但不等同于历史纪念碑（historicalmonument），而且这与题目问的印第安传说没有相关性，因此可排除B选项。

12.HowdidtheRockGodhelpthesevengirlsintheIndianlegend?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问“石神”是如何帮助印第安传说中的七个女孩的？录音最后详细讲述了这个关于恶魔塔的印第安传说：七个印第安女孩遇到熊的攻击。女孩们无处可逃，爬上了小岩石的顶部，向“石神”求助。“石神”让岩石往上“长”起来，熊只能用爪子在岩石上抓出一道道的深痕。因此，C选项“从地面上把她们抬升起来”符合原文表述。A选项“杀死攻击人的熊”；B选项“在山洞里掩护她们”和D选项“将她们带到山顶”在录音中均没有提及。

5.单选题

Iregret___somuchtimeandmoneyonstamps.

问题1选项

A.towaste

B.forwasting

C.havingwasted

D.atwasting

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。waste表示“浪费，滥用；消耗；使荒芜”，regretdoing“对做过的事表示遗憾、后悔”。句意：我___在邮票上浪费了那么多时间和金钱。本句表达“后悔已经在邮票上浪费那么多钱和时间”，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Thefarmersweremoreanxiousforrainthanthepeopleinthecitybecausetheyhadmoreat______.

问题1选项

A.loss

B.stake

C.danger

D.threat

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项loss“损失”；B选项stake“（在公司、计划等中的）重大利害关系”，atstake“得失都可能；有风险”；C选项danger“危险”；D选项threat“威胁，恐吓；凶兆”。句意：农民比城市里的人更渴望雨水，因为他们面临着更多______。根据语境，这里指的是没有下雨的话，农民比城市里的人面临更多不确定因素，结合短语atstake“得失都可能；有风险”，B选项stake“（在公司、计划等中的）重大利害关系”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein____.

问题1选项

A.residents

B.lodgers

C.settlers

D.inhabitants

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.residents居民；旅客B.lodgers租客

C.settlers移民D.inhabitants居民

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】根据原句前文中的landladies“女房东”推断，该处指的应该是租房的租客。B选项lodgers“租客”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项residents指的是某地的居民或者旅店的旅客；

C选项settlers“移民”；

D选项inhabitants既可以指人，即某地的居住者；也可以指栖息在某处的动物。

【句意】这所大学只允许附近几位经过挑选的女房东接收房客。

8.单选题

Anambulancemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof（）.

问题1选项

A.crisis

B.urgency

C.emergency

D.emergence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项想crisis“危机；危险期”；B选项urgency“紧急；催促”；C选项emergency“紧急情况；突发事件”；D选项emergence“出现；发生；露头”。句意：救护车必须有优先权，因为它通常要处理一些……。救护车需要处理的是一些紧急情况或突发事件，C选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Thelittlemanwas___onemeterfiftyhigh.

问题1选项

A.almostmorethan

B.hardlymorethan

C.nearlymorethan

D.asmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项almostmorethan“几乎超过”；B选项hardlymorethan“不足；仅仅”；C选项nearlymorethan“差不多超过”；D选项asmuchas“几乎；多达；至多”。句意：这个矮小的男人身高___一米五十。本句表达“矮小的男人身高不足一米五”因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Thetopexecutiveswereaccusedoftellinghalf-truthsandeven（）liesaboutthecompany’sfinancialconditions.

问题1选项

A.down-to-earth

B.upright

C.downright

D.actual

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。down-to-earth“切合实际的，现实的”；upright“正直的；诚实的”；downright“明白的；直率的”；actual“真实的，实际的”。句意：高管层被控告在关于公司财政状况上说半真半假的话，甚至完全在说谎。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecausetheybelievethiskindof（）groupingisadvisable.

问题1选项

A.homogeneous

B.instantaneous

C.spontaneous

D.anonymous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项homogeneous“同性质的”；B选项instantaneous“瞬间的”；C选项spontaneous“无意识的”；D选项anonymous“匿名的”。句意：有些教育工作者试图把能力相似的学生分到同一个班级，因为他们认为这种同质的分组是可取的。本句表示把能力相似的学生分到一个班是一种同质性的分组。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Mrs.Brownissupposed（）forItalylastweek.

问题1选项

A.toleave

B.tobeleaving

C.tohaveleft

D.tohavebeenleft

【答案】C

【解析】考查suppose的用法。时间状语是lastweek，说明是为了强调过去的时间，所以应该用完成时，Brown女士是主动离开，所以选项C符合题意。

13.翻译题

1.Therewasonceaharmonytowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtoliveinwithitssurroundings.

2.Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnationalbudgettoagriculturethanmostothercountries.

3.Iftherewereonlyadozenorsoairmoleculesinmykitchen,itwouldbelikelyifIwaitedayearorso一thatatsomepointthesixcoldestoneswouldcongregateinsidethefreezer.

4.Insteadofaglobalvillage,whichisanicedreambutimpossibletomanage,wewillhaveinventedanotherworldofself-containedcommunitiesthatcatertotheirownmember’sinclinationswithoutinterferingwithanyoneelse.

5.Itsgoalistofindouthowtheworldworks,toseekwhatregularitiestheremaybe,topenetratetotheconnectionsofthings—fromsubnuclearparticles,whichmaybetheconstituentsofallmatter,tolivingorganisms,thehumansocialcommunity,andthencetothecosmosasawhole.

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese

【答案】1.这个国家曾经有一个和谐的小镇，所有的生命几乎和周围的环境都和谐相处。

2.政府把国家大部分的预算都用于农业，比其他国家都要多。

3.如果我的厨房里只有十几个空气分子，似乎我需要等待一年左右，在某个时刻，六个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。

4.我们不是要建立一个美好但是难于管理的全球村，而是建立一个由独立群体组成的世界，这些群体在不干涉他人的情况下迎合自己的喜好。

5.它的目标是探究出世界的运行机制，寻求可能存在的规律，并且渗透到事物之间的联系中去——从构成所有物质的亚核粒子，到生物体，到人类社会群体，甚至整个宇宙。

14.案例题

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue（不断积累）tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry（公民）.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

A.ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth.

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.

C.Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

【答案】1.A

2.D

3.B

4.B

5.D

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，在发达国家中，只有两个国家不提供带薪照顾新生儿的假期保障。去年澳大利亚也建立了带薪探亲假，而在美国却还是没有这项政策。所以根据第一段的最后一句“Iwasn'tsurprised...we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.”可知，选项A符合原文。

2.

根据关键词“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“Infact,everystep...businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.”选项D正确。

3.

根据第三段的第一句“justifyingparentalsupport...mustpayfor.”选项B与原文描述相符。

4.

根据第四段“Thestaterecognizes...parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.”选项B与原文描述相符，正确。

5.

根据第四段的内容“Toclassifyductivecitizenry.”将养育子女归为一种个人选择，没有集体责任，这不仅仅是忽视良好养育的社会效益，实际上是在窃取这些福利。选项D这实际上是一个社会事业符合原文。

15.单选题

Heissittinginthecatbird（）.

问题1选项

A.seat

B.nest

C.position

D.den

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。sitinthecatbirdseat“处于必胜无疑的地位”。句意：他处于必胜无疑的地位。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

问题2选项

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

问题3选项

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

问题4选项

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

问题5选项

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到动作的氧化代谢率对它们生存方式造成的影响（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解释无氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了无氧糖酵解的不足以及对动物的生存产生的影响。综上所述，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段第一句提到了补偿的局限性（therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出动物由于无氧糖酵解所导致的大量能量消耗必须得到补偿，然后又通过小松鼠为例来说明小型动物补偿的时间短，而大型动物则需要很长的时间才能完成补偿，这就是补偿的局限性。选项B符合题意。

3.文章第二段第二句话Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent—inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了无氧糖酵解与动物体型的关系。随后举了恐龙的例子来解释说明肌肉越多，糖原质的含量就越多，体型大，肌肉多，选项D符合题意。

4.文章主要介绍无氧糖酵解对动物的生存产生的影响，没有使用一些非常晦涩难懂的专业知识，因此作者最可能针对的是刚刚接触相关学科的人群。选项A符合题意。

5.文章主要提及了氧化代谢率较低的大型动物的不利原因。作者通过举了恐龙这种大型动物来说明自己的观点，比如一只100吨重的恐龙可以通过无氧糖酵解产生3000个人进行氧化新陈代谢（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）产生的最大的能量，从而保证大型动物能在激烈的丛林中生存。选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovementinthelatenineteenthcentury______theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical.

问题1选项

A.diffuses

B.undermines

C.supports

D.underscores

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项diffuse“扩散，传播”，B项undermine“逐渐削弱（信心、权威等），渐渐破坏”，C项support“支持，帮助，支撑”，D项underscore“强调，划线于……下”。根据句子可知，句子缺少一个谓语动词，由Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovement（积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作）和theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical（这两个运动是敌对的断言）可判断，这两者的关系是“削弱”，B项符合。句意：19世纪晚期，积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作削弱了这两个运动是敌对的论断。因此，该题选择B项。

18.单选题

The______causeofdeathtodayinBritainisheartdisease,withcancerinsecondplace.

问题1选项

A.initial

B.previous

C.subsequent

D.prime

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。initial“最初的，第一的”；previous“以前的，早先的”；subsequent“随后的”；prime“主要的，最好的”。句意：如今，英国人的主要死亡原因是心脏病，癌症位居第二。选项D符合题意。

19.单选题

Livinginclose______toone’sneighborscanbecozyandcomforting,butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating.

问题1选项

A.homogeneity

B.proximity

C.lingering

D.access

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项homogeneity“同质，同种”，B项proximity“接近”，C项lingering“拖延的，迟迟不结束的”，D项access“通道，进入，机会”。根据but可知，前后句子为转折，由后面的butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating（但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息）对比可知，前面空格处应该表示“住在邻居隔壁”，B项符合。句意：住得离邻居很近是很舒适的，但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息。因此，该题选择B项。

20.单选题

They（）sotiredifthey（）forawholeday.

问题1选项

A.wouldn’tfeel,didn’twalk

B.wouldn'tfeel,weren’twalking.

C.wouldn'tbefeeling,weren’twalking

D.wouldn'tbefeeling,hadn’tbeenwalking

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。结合选项与题干可知本题考查混合虚拟语气，if引导的条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，应该用had+过去分词，因此可以排除选项A、B、C，又因为主句部分表示的是现在事实相反的情况，所以需要用would+动原，由此可知，此题选项D为正确答案。句意：如果他们不是一整天都在走路，那么他们将不会感到如此疲惫。

21.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Thelinkbetweenobesityandbirthdefect

B.Thelinkbetweenobesityanddiabetes

C.Theriskofbirthabnormalities

D.Theharmfuleffectsofobesity27.

问题2选项

A.Neuraltubedefects

B.Heartproblems

C.Cleftlipandpalate(唇腭裂)

D.Diabetes28.

问题3选项

A.20million

B.200million

C.400million

D.40million29.

问题4选项

A.Aweight-losssurgery

B.Abalanceddiet

C.Achangeoflifestyle

D.Moreexercise30.

问题5选项

A.Whyobesitycancausebirthdefects

B.Howobesitymaycausebirthdefects

C.Whyobesitycancausediabetes

D.Howobesitymaycausediabetes

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】CatherineandothercolleaguesfromBritain’sNewCastleUniversitycombineddatafrom18studies(26)tolookattheriskofabnormalitiesofbabieswhosemotherswereobeseoroverweight.(27)Obesewomenwerenearlytwiceaslikelytohaveababywithneuraltubedefectswhicharecausedbytheincompletedevelopmentofthebrainorspinalcordthestudyfound.Foronesuchdefect,spinalbifida(脊柱裂),theriskmorethandoubled.Theresearchersalsodetectedincreasedchancesofheartdefect,cleftlipandpalate,wateronthebrain(脑积水)andproblemsinthegrowthofarmsandlegs.(28)TheWorldHealthOrganizationclassifiesaround400millionpeoplearoundtheworldasobese,including20millionundertheageof5,andthenumberisgrowing.ObesityraisestherisksofdiseasessuchastypeIIdiabetes,heartproblemsandisahealthconcernpilingpressureonanalreadyoverburdenednationalhealthsystem.Recentresearchhastightweighttootherproblemsduringpregnancy.(29)AteamfromtheRoundCorporationThinkTankinCaliforniareportedin2008thatwomenwhogetpregnantafterweightlosssurgerytendtobehealthierandlesslikelytodeliverababybornwithcomplicationscomparedtoobesewomen.(30)Furtherstudymayshowhowobesitymaycausetheseproblems,JulietatNewCastleUniversityresearcherwhoworkedonthestudysaidinatelephoneinterview.Womenwhoarethinkingabouttryingforababyneedtochecktheirownweightfirst,andthenthinkaboutseekinghelpiftheyareoverweight.

26.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】全文围绕“肥胖的女性生的孩子更容易发生异常”展开，A选项“肥胖和出生缺陷”符合，故选A。

27.Babieswhosemothersareobesemayhaveincreasedchancesofthefollowingdiseasesexcept?

【解析】其余三种缺陷“neuraltubedefects,cleftlipandpalate,diabetes”文中都有提及，都有可能由母亲的肥胖引起，而糖尿病是针对母亲本人而言的，故选D。

28.AccordingtotheWHO,howmanypeopleareclassifiedasobesearoundtheworld?

【解析】文中提到世界卫生组织将约4亿人归为肥胖，故选C。

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuggestionforobesewomenwhoplantohaveababy?

【解析】那些做了减重手术的怀孕女性更健康，生的孩子更不容易有先天缺陷。

30.Accordingtothetalk，whatmaybethefocusoffurtherstudies?

【解析】将来的研究焦点可能在于“howobesitymaycausetheseproblems”，theseproblems指先天缺陷。

22.单选题

Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.Theofficialcasefor“academicmobility”isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.

Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,andtheirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whethereitherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues;onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.

Inthe20thcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheairplane,makingcontactbetweenschoolseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.

Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentersoflearningandafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.Inadditiononemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplewouldworkmsomeisolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.

1.Accordingtothepassage,scholarsandstudentsaregreattravelersbecause（）.

2.Thewritersaysthattravelwasimportantinthepastbecauseit（）.

3.What,inthewriter’sopinion,happenstoascholarwhoshareshisideaswithhiscolleagues?

4.Accordingtothepassage,therecentgrowthinairtravelhasmeantthat（）.

5.Thewriterthinksthatacademicworkhasrecentlybecomemorespecializedbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Salariesandconditionsarebetterabroad

B.standardsarehigheratforeignuniversities

C.theyareeagerfornewknowledge

D.theirgovernmentencouragethemtotravel

问题2选项

A.ledtoeconomicprogress

B.wasawayofspreadingideas

C.madenewideaslessshocking

D.brokedownpoliticalbarriers

问题3选项

A.Hegainsrecognitionforhisachievements

B.Heattractslargenumbersofstudents

C.Heriskshisideasbeingstolen

D.Heisconsideredslightlymad

问题4选项

A.morestudentsfromremoteareascanattenduniversity

B.universitiescanbebuiltinremoterplaces】

C.scholarsca