考研考博-英语-云南外事外语职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南外事外语职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

IntheUnitedStateofAmericahouseshavechangedassocialcustomschanged.Atfirst,AmericanhousesfollowedthepatternsbroughtfromEuropebytheearlyimmigrants,but,sincetimberwasthemosteasilyobtainedmaterial,boardedwallsandshingleroofslargelyreplacedbricksandtiles.Lately,differentregionshaveevolvedtheirownmethodsofhousebuildingtosuitlocalconditions;forinstance,alowramblinghousewithwidelyspreadingeaves,istypicalofthePacificcoast.Inaddition,theplanofthehousehasbeguntochangeastheAmericanwayoflifehasdivergedmoreandmorefromtheEuropean.Housesarelessformal,androomsmergeoneintotheother,providingmorespaceforgeneralfamilylifeandfewerroomsforspecialpurposes.

【答案】在美国，房屋随着社会习俗的改变而改变。起初，美国的房屋仿效早期移民从欧洲带来的模式。但由于木材是最容易获得的材料，木板墙和木瓦屋顶大量取代了砖块和瓦。最近，不同的地区发展出了适合当地条件的房屋建造方法；例如，布局凌乱的低矮房子有着散开的屋檐，是典型的太平洋海岸建筑。此外，随着美国人的生活方式越来越不同于欧洲人，住宅的规划也开始改变。住宅不那么正式，房间相互融合，为一般家庭生活提供了更多的空间，特殊用途的空间也变少了。

2.单选题

Radarisusedtoextendthe______ofman’ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.

问题1选项

A.validity

B.liability

C.capability

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.validity（法律上的）有效；合法性

B.liability（法律上对某事物的）责任，义务

C.capability能力；才能D.intensity强烈；紧张

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息man’ssensesforobservinghisenvironment（一个人观察环境的感官）可知，空格处指的是“感官能力”，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。

【句意】雷达被用来扩展人观察环境的感官能力，特别是视觉。

3.单选题

Whatexactlyisalie?Isitanythingwesaywhichweknowisuntrue?Orisitsomethingmorethanthat?Forexample,supposeafriendwantstoborrowsomemoneyfromyou.Yousay,"IwishIcouldhelpyoubutI'mshortofmoneymyself."Infact,youarenotshortofmoneybutyourfriendisinthehabitofnotpayinghisdebtsandyoudon'twanttohurthisfeelingsbyremindinghimofthis.Isthisreallyalie?

ProfessorJerealdJellisonoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahasmadeascientificstudyoflying.Accordingtohim,womenarebetterliarsthanmen,particularlywhentellinga"whitelie",suchaswhenawomanatapartytellsanotherwomanthatshelikesherdresswhenshereallythinksitlooksawful.However,thisisonlyonesideofthestory.Otherresearcherssaythatmenaremorelikelytotellmoreseriouslies,suchasmakingapromisewhichtheyhavenointentionoffulfilling.Thisisthekindofliepoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeparticularlyskilledat:theliefromwhichtheliarhopestoprofitorgaininsomeway.

Researchhasalsobeendoneintothewayofpeople'sbehaviorchangesinanumberofsmall,apparentlyunimportantwayswhentheylie.Ithasbeenfoundthatiftheyaresittingdownatthetime,theytendtomoveaboutintheirchairsmorethanusual.Tothetrainedobservertheyaresaying“IwishIweresomewhereelsenow”.Theyalsotendtotouchcertainpartsofthefacemoreoften,inparticularthenose.Oneexplanationofthismaybethatlyingcausesaslightincreaseinbloodpressure.Thetipofthenoseisverysensitivetosuchchangesandtheincreasedpressuremakesititch（痒）.

AnothergesturewhichgivesliarsawayiswhatthewriterDesmondMorrisinhisbookManWatchingcalls“themouthcover”.Hesaysthereareseveraltypicalformsofthis,suchascoveringpartofthemouthwithfingers,touchingtheupper-liporputtingafingerofthehandatonesideofthemouth.Suchagesturecanbeinterpretedasanunconsciousattemptonthepartoftheliartostophimselforherselffromlying.

Ofcourse,suchgesturesasrubbingthenoseorcoveringthemouth,ormovingaboutinachaircannotbetakenasproofthatthespeakerislying.Theysimplytendtooccurmorefrequentlyinthissituation.Itisnotonegesturealonethatgivestheliarawaybutawholenumberofthings,and,inparticular,thecontextinwhichthelieistold.

1.Onesometimestellsone'sfrienda“whitelie”becauseonewantsto

（

）.

2.Oneresearchsuggeststhatwomen（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.Peoplemayrubtheirnoseswhentheyliebecause

（

）.

5.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.makeaprofitfromtheotherperson

B.avoidoffendingtheotherperson

C.convincetheotherperson

D.havesomefun

问题2选项

A.generallylifefarmorethanmen

B.tendtotellmoreseriousliesthanmen

C.makemorepromisestheycanfulfillthanmen

D.arebetterattellinglessseriousliesthanmen

问题3选项

A.politicianstendtotellintentionallies

B.menarelessskilledattellinglies

C.businessmenseldombreaktheirpromises

D.womentendtomakefalsepromises

问题4选项

A.theysufferfromhighbloodpressureatthetime

B.thenoseisthemostsensitivepartofthehumanbody

C.thenoserevealstheliarmoreeasilythantheotherpartsoftheface

D.theydosoinordertostopthemselvesfromtellingmorelies

问题5选项

A.liescaneasilybedetectedbycarefulobservers

B.liesareusuallyaccompaniedbystrangegestures

C.peopleareabletotellaliewhentheyhearotherslying

D.aliarmaygiveawayhisorherintentionunconsciously

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据下文的举例：比如一个女士在派对上对另一个女士说，她喜欢她的衣服，而实际上她觉得它看起来很糟糕。由此可推测，这样说是为了避免冒犯他人，选项B正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Otherresearcherssaythatmenaremorelikelytotellmoreseriouslies...”其他研究人员表示，男性更有可能说一些更严重的谎言。选项D是对原文的反向表达，意思是一致的，所以正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Thisisthekindofliepoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeparticularlyskilledat:theliefromwhichtheliarhopestoprofitorgaininsomeway.”这是政客和商人应该特别擅长的谎言：说谎者希望从谎言中获利或在某些方面得到好处。由此可推测，政客们倾向于故意说谎，选项A符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段的最后两句“Oneexplanationofthismaybethatlyingcausesaslightincreaseinbloodpressure.Thetipofthenoseisverysensitivetosuchchangesandtheincreasedpressuremakesititch.”对此的一种解释可能是说谎会导致血压轻微升高。鼻尖对于这种变化非常敏感，血压增加会使它发痒。选项A符合原文。

5.推理判断题。本题可采用排除法。选项A和C在文中没有提及；选项B符合原文；选项D无法直接从文中的信息推导出来，所以选项B更恰当。

4.单选题

Tosavemoneyformyeducation,motheroftentookonmoreworkthan（

）forher.

问题1选项

A.itwasgood

B.whatwasgood

C.wasgood

D.beinggood

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词性从句,than后面接名词或者名词性从句,只有B项符合。

5.单选题

Cometsarestillregardedwithawebysomepeople.

问题1选项

A.wonder

B.concern

C.resentment

D.detachment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。awe意为“敬畏，惊叹”；wonder意为“惊异，惊叹”；concern意为“涉及，关系到”；resentment意为“愤恨，不满”；detachment意为“超然，公正，独立”。

句意：一些人仍然敬畏彗星。

6.单选题

ASurveyhasfoundthatthreequartersofmenquiteenjoytheirfoodshoppingexperienceandarehappyto______theirwayaroundtheaislessearchingoutproducts.

问题1选项

A.drive

B.steer

C.navigate

D.voyage

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析与搭配。drive“推动；驾驶；驱赶”；steer“控制；引导；驾驶”；navigate“操纵；导航；航行”；voyage“航行；渡过”。四个选项虽都与驾驶、航行有关，但其中只有navigate可与one’swayaround搭配。句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性非常享受他们的食品购物体验，他们很乐意推车购物车来回寻找商品。因此C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（

）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

问题1选项

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨析题。A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。

句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

问题1选项

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith为固定搭配，表示“依照，与...一致”。

9.翻译题

Considerthesurveyevidence,whichshowsthatwhilemostAmericanswanttohavebothscienceandreligionintheirlives,they’llonlygosofartopreservetheformerattheexpenseofthelatter.

【答案】根据调查证据思考发现，尽管许多人在他们的生命里都想拥有科学和宗教，但是目前他们只会保留前者，而以后者为代价。

10.单选题

SinceWorldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices.Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare(particularlyforthepoorandminorities),improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealthpersonnel.Allhaveplayedapartintherecentimprovementinlifeexpectancy.Butthereismountingcriticismofthelargeremaininggapsinaccess,unbridledcostinflation,thefurtherfragmentationofservice,excessiveindulgenceinwastefulhigh-technology“gadgeteering,”andabreakdownindoctor-patientrelationships.Inrecentyearsproposedpanaceasandnewprograms,smallandlarge,haveproliferatedatafeverishpaceanddisappointmentsmultiplyatalmostthesamerate.Thishasledtoanincreasedpessimism—“everythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks”—whichsometimesbordersoncynicismorevennihilism.

Itistruethattheautomatic“passthrough”ofrapidlyspiralingcoststogovernmentandinsurancecarriers,whichwassetinapublicizedenvironmentof“therichestnationintheworld,”producedforatimeasenseofunlimitedresourcesandallowedtodevelopamoodwherebyeverypractitionerandinstitutioncould“dohisownthing”withoutundueconcernforthe“MedicalCommons.”Thepracticeoffull-costreimbursementencouragedcapitalinvestmentandnowtheindustryisovercapitalized.Manycitieshavehundredsofexcesshospitalbeds;hospitalshaveproliferatedasuperabundanceofhigh-technologyequipment;andstructuralostentationandluxuryweretheorderoftheday.Inanygivenday,one-fourthofallcommunitybedsarevacant;expensiveequipmentisunderusedor,worse,usedunnecessarily.Capitalinvestmentbringsrapidlyrisingoperatingcosts.

Yet,inpart,thispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.Itmustberealizedthatcareis,formostpeople,apainfulexperience,oftenaccompaniedbyfearandunwelcomeresults.Althoughthereisvastroomforimprovement,healthcarewillalwaysretainsomeunpleasantnessandfrustration.Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain.Toomanyphysiciansarereluctanttoadmittheirlimitationstopatients;toomanypatientsandfamiliesareunwillingtoacceptsuchrealities.Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.Inthemain,however,suchundertakingshavebeendrownedbyaveritablefloodofpublicandprivatemoneyswhichhavesupportedandencouragedthecontinuationofconventionalpracticesandsubsidizedtheirshortcomingsonamassive,almostunrestrictedscale.Exceptforthemostidealisticanddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.Inthisatmosphere,itisnotfairtocondemnasfailuresallattemptedexperiments;itmaybemoreaccuratetosaymanyneverhadafairtrial.

1.TheauthorimpliesthattheKaiserFoundationandPugetSoundplans(lines47-48)differedfromotherplansby（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasconsequencesoffull-costreimbursementEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,the“pessimism”mentionedatline35ispartlyattributabletothefactthat（

）.

5.Theauthorcitestheprepaidplansinlines46-48as（

）.

6.Itcanbeinferredthatthesentence“HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain”meansthat（

）.

7.Withwhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofthesystemforthedeliveryofhealth-careserviceswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelogicalstructureoftheselection?

9.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.encouragingcapitalinvestment

B.requiringphysicianstotreatthepoor

C.providingincentivesforcostcontrol

D.employingonlydedicatedandidealisticdoctors

E.relyingprimarilyonpublicfunding

问题2选项

A.risingoperatingcosts

B.underusedhospitalfacilities

C.overcapitalization

D.overrelianceonexpensiveequipment

E.lackofservicesforminorities

问题3选项

A.light-heartedandamused

B.objectivebutconcerned

C.detachedandunconcerned

D.cautiousbutsincere

E.enthusiasticandenlightened

问题4选项

A.therehasbeenlittlerealimprovementinhealth-careservices

B.expectationsabouthealth-careservicesaresometimesunrealistic

C.largesegmentsofthepopulationfinditimpossibletogetaccesstohealth-careservices

D.advancesintechnologyhavemadehealthcareserviceunaffordable

E.doctorsarenowlessconcernedwithpatientcare

问题5选项

A.counterexamplestotheclaimthatnothinghasworked

B.examplesofhealth-careplansthatwereover-funded

C.evidencethathealth-careservicesarefragmented

D.proofofthetheorythatnoplanhasbeensuccessful

E.experimentsthatyieldeddisappointingresults

问题6选项

A.thecostofhealth-careserviceswillnotdecline

B.somepeopleshouldnotbecomedoctors

C.medicalcareisnotreallyessentialtogoodhealth

D.illnessisoftenunpleasantandevenpainful

E.medicalsciencecannotcureeveryill

问题7选项

A.Itisbiasedinfavorofdoctorsandagainstpatients.

B.Itishighlyfragmentedandcompletelyineffective

C.Ithasnotembracednewtechnologyrapidlyenough

D.Itisgenerallyeffectivebutcanbeimproved

E.Itdiscouragespeoplefromseekingmedicalcare

问题8选项

A.Thethirdparagraphisintendedasarefutationofthefirstandsecondparagraphs.

B.Thesecondandthirdparagraphsexplainandputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.

C.Thesecondandthirdparagraphsexplainandputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.

D.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblem,andthesecondandthirdparagraphspresenttwohornsofadilemma.

E.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblem,theseconditscauses,andthethirdapossiblesolution.

问题9选项

A.criticizephysiciansandhealth-careadministratorsforinvestingintechno¬logicallyadvancedequipment

B.examinesomeproblemsaffectingdeliveryofhealth-careservicesandassesstheirseverity

C.defendthemedicalcommunityfromchargesthathealth-carehasnotimprovedsinceWorldWarII

D.analyzethereasonsforthehealth-careindustry’sinabilitytoprovidequalitycaretoallsegmentsofthepopulation

E.describethepeculiareconomicfeaturesofthehealth-careindustrythatarethecausesofspiralingmedicalcosts

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:E

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:E

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:B

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干关键词theKaiserFoundationandPugetSound，将信息点定位为文章第三段。根据“Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.（凯泽基金会（KaiserFoundation）和普吉特湾（PugetSound）的预付团体实践计划（grouppracticeplans）表明，并非所有的尝试都是徒劳的。）”“Exceptforthemostidealisticanddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.（除了那些最理想主义、最执着的人，他们没有寻求改变的动力，也没有自我约束或节俭的动力。）”从而得出本题答案。

2.

细节信息题。信息点定位到原文第一、二段。选项E与原文第二句所给信息不符，“Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare（particularlyforthepoorandminorities）,improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealthpersonnel.（这些措施包括更好地获得卫生保健（特别是对穷人和少数民族），改善物理植物，增加医生和其他卫生人员的数量。）”从而得出本题答案。

3.

观点态度题。通读全文，可以感受到作者行文态度十分客观，运用客观事实表达自己的观点，且对出现的问题十分在意。从而得出本题答案。

4.

细节信息题。根据题干关键词pessimism，将信息点定位到原文第三段第一句。“Yet,inpart,thispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.（然而，这种悲观情绪在一定程度上源于对医疗保健的过高期望。）”从而得出本题答案。

5.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词prepaidplans，将信息点定位到第三段第七句。“Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.（泽基金会（KaiserFoundation）和普吉特湾（PugetSound）的预付团体实践计划（grouppracticeplans）表明，并非所有的尝试都是徒劳的。）”根据句子前半句可得出本题答案。

6.

细节推断题。根据原题信息“HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain”，可将信息点定位到原文第三段第五句。根据第三段第四句“Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.（此外，医学的能力是有限的。）”即可得出本题答案。

7.

主旨态度题。根据原文“SinceWorldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices（自第二次世界大战以来，保健服务领域取得了相当大的进展）”“Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.（此外，医学的能力是有限的。）”等信息点的描述，即可得出本题答案。

8.

篇章结构题。通读全文，即可发现，文章首段提出问题，引出话题，紧接着第二段、第三段解释并表达了对这一问题的看法。

9.

主旨大意题。通读全文，即可得出作者观点，作者检查了一些影响医疗卫生服务分配的问题并对其严重性进行了评估。从而得出本题答案。

11.单选题

Theenvelopearrivedwiththeoldaddress（）,andthenewonewrittenalongsideit.

问题1选项

A.leftout

B.crossedout

C.cutout

D.fallen

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组。A:leftout“遗漏；忽略”；B:crossedout“勾掉，划掉”；C:cutout“停止；裁剪”；D:fallen“倒下”。句意：信封上的旧地址划掉了，旁边写着新地址。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。

12.单选题

Thenumberof500isa(n)（）numberfor498or503.

问题1选项

A.odd

B.round

C.long

D.even

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项oddnumber“奇数”；B选项roundnumber“整数”；C选项longnumber“多位数”；D选项evennumber“偶数”。题干中需知道数字500与498和503的关系，句意：500是498或503的近似百位整数。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowwellhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttorulersbyancientwriters,whorelatedhowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregiventoChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparableofthissemi-animal,semi-humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnatures,andthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps;andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andwhenthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist,ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbegood;butastheyarebad;andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegitimategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthemselvestobedeceived.

1.Theauthorofthepassagedoesnotbelievethat（

）.

2.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare

（

）.

3.Thefox,inthispassage,is

（

）.

4.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust

（

）.

5.Thewriterwouldapproveanunsuccessfulpoliticalcandidate（

）.

问题1选项

A.peoplecanprotectthemselves

B.thetruthmakesmenfree

C.leadershavetobeconsistent

D.princesatehuman

问题2选项

A.toiltrusting

B.strongandcareful

C.reliantonforce

D.lackinginintelligence

问题3选项

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhistrick

D.consideredworthless

问题4选项

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.tellthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent

问题5选项

A.gaveupallhisopportunities

B.promisedtotryagainnexttime

C.overthrewthegovernmentbyforce

D.toldthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者不认为……”。文章提到有两种方式来战斗，一是法律，即文斗，一是暴力，即武斗。并且用狐狸来比喻文斗，狮子比喻武斗，而一个成功的王子必须在这两种方法中自由切换，但是并没有提及到“吃人”，因此选项D“王子吃人”的说法是错误的，符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“狮子代表的是哪类人”。文章提到“王子应该学会像野兽一样管理国家，要模仿狐狸和狮子，因为狮子无法避免陷阱，而狐狸无法从狼群中脱身”（Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps;andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves），狮子代表的是力量，即武斗，因此选项C“依赖武力”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章中狐狸是……”。文章提到管理者必须要学会文斗与武斗，狐狸代表的是文斗，可知作者对狐狸是赞赏的，因此选项A“因它的计谋而受到赞赏”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示一个成功的统治者应该……”。文章提到“当守诚信会让自己的利益受损时，精明的统治者可以不讲诚信”（Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest），因此选项B“欺骗与撒谎”符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者会赞成一个失败的政治候选人……”。文章提到“当文斗行不通的时候，人们会选择第二种方式，即武斗”（butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond），选项C“用武力推翻政府”符合题意。

14.单选题

FrustratedwithdelaysinSacramento,BayAreaofficialssaidThursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpileofelectronictrash.

ASanJosecouncilwomanandaSanFranciscosupervisorsaidtheywouldproposelocalinitiativesaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteiftheCalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsstalledintheAssembly.TheyareamongagrowingnumberofCaliforniacitiesandcountiesthathaveexpressedthesameintention.

Environmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetoxichazardposedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.Anestimated6milliontelevisionsandcomputersarestockedinCaliforniahomes,andanadditional6,000to7,000computersbecomeoutdatedeveryday.Themachinescontainhighlevelsofleadandotherhazardoussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromCalifornialandfills.

LegislationbySenatorByronSherwouldrequireconsumerstopayarecyclingfeeofupto$30oneverynewmachinecontainingacathoderaytube.Usedinalmostallvideomonitorsandtelevisions,thosedevicescontainfourtoeightpoundsofleadeach.Thefeeswouldgotowardsettinguprecyclingprograms,providinggrantstonon-profitagenciesthatreusethetubesandrewardingmanufacturersthatencouragerecycling.

AseparatebillbyLosAngeles-areaSenatorGloriaRomerowouldrequirehigh-techmanufacturerstodevelopprogramstorecycleso-callede-waste.

Ifpassed,themeasureswouldputCaliforniaattheforefrontofnationaleffortstomanagetherefuseoftheelectronicage.

Buthigh-techgroups,includingtheSiliconValleyManufacturingGroupandtheAmericanElectronicsAssociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateretailers.

“Whatreallyneedstooccurisconsumereducation.Mostconsumersareunawarethey’renotsupposedtothrowcomputersinthetrash,”saidRoxanneGould,vicepresidentofgovernmentrelationsfortheelectronicsassociation.

Computerrecyclingshouldbealocaleffortandpartofresidentialwastecollectionprograms,sheadded.

Recyclingelectronicwasteisadangerousandspecializedmatter,andenvironmentalistsmaintainthestatemustsupportrecyclingeffortsandensurethatthejobisn’tcontractedtounscrupulousjunkdealerswhosendthetoxicpartsoverseas.

“Thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralChina,”saidTedSmith,directoroftheSiliconValleyToxicsCoalition.HisgroupispushingforanamendmenttoSher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.

1.WhatstepwereBayAreaofficialsgoingtotakeregardinge-wastedisposal?

2.ThetwobillsstalledintheCaliforniaAssemblybothconcern____.

3.Consumersarenotsupposedtothrowusedcomputersinthetrashbecause____.

4.High-techgroupsbelievethatifanextra$30ischargedoneveryTVorcomputerpurchasedinCalifornia,consumerswill____.

5.WelearnfromthepassagethatmuchofCalifornia’selectronicwastehasbeen____.

问题1选项

A.Exertpressureonmanufacturersofelectronicdevices.

B.Laydownrelevantlocalregulationsthemselves.

C.LobbythelawmakersoftheCaliforniaAssembly.

D.Rallysupporttopassthestalledbills.

问题2选项

A.regulationsondumpinghazardoussubstancesintolandfills

B.thesaleofusedelectronicdevicestoforeigncountries

C.thefundingoflocalinitiativestoreuseelectronictrash

D.thereprocessingofthehugeamountsofelectronicwasteinthestate

问题3选项

A.theycontainlargeamountsofharmfulsubstances

B.thisisbannedbytheCaliforniagovernment

C.somepartsmayberecycledforuseelsewhere

D.unscrupulousdealerswillretrievethemforprofit

问题4选项

A.abandononlineshopping

B.buythemfromotherstates

C.stronglyprotestagainstsuchacharge

D.hesitatetoupgradetheircomputers

问题5选项

A.collectedbynon-profitagencies

B.dumpedintolocallandfills

C.exportedtoforeigncountries

D.recycledbycomputermanufacturers

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

WhatstepwereBayAreaofficialsgoingtotakeregardinge-wastedisposal?旧金山湾区的官员打算采取什么步骤处理电子垃圾？

A.Exertpressureonmanufacturersofelectronicdevices.A.对电子设备制造商施加压力。

B.Laydownrelevantlocalregulationsthemselves.B.自行制定有关地方规章制度。

C.LobbythelawmakersoftheCaliforniaAssembly.C.游说加州议会的立法者。

D.Rallysupporttopassthestalledbills.D.争取支持通过停滞不前的法案。

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“湾区官员周四表示，他们计划自己动手来管理该地区日益增多的电子垃圾。”以及第二段“他们将提出旨在控制电子垃圾的地方倡议”由此可知他们将自行制定关于处理电子垃圾的地方制度。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对电子设备制造商施加压力。”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“游说加州议会的立法者。”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“争取支持通过停滞不前的法案。”，文章第二段提到“如果加州立法机构未能就两项在议会搁置的法案采取行动，他们将提出旨在控制电子垃圾的地方倡议。”只是说会提出地方倡议，并没有说争取支持通过停滞不前的法案，该选项属于过度推断。

2.【选项释义】

ThetwobillsstalledintheCaliforniaAssemblybothconcern____.加州议会搁置的两项法案都涉及____。

A.regulationsondumpinghazardoussubstancesintolandfillsA.关于向垃圾填埋场倾倒有害物质的规定

B.thesaleofusedelectronicdevicestoforeigncountriesB.向外国出售二手电子设备

C.thefundingoflocalinitiativestoreuseelectronictrashC.为当地的电子垃圾再利用计划提供资金

D.thereprocessingofthehugeamountsofelectronicwasteinthestateD.对该州大量电子垃圾的再处理

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第四段最后一句“这些费用将用于建立回收项目，为重新利用这些管子的非盈利机构提供资助，并奖励鼓励回收的制造商。”以及第五段“要求高科技制造商开发回收所谓电子垃圾的项目”由此可知，两项法案都涉及要制造商再回收，也就是对电子垃圾的再处理。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“关于向垃圾填埋场倾倒有害物质的规定”，两项法案均未涉及，该选项属于反向干扰；

B选项“向外国出售二手电子设备”，两项法案均未涉及，该选项属于反向干扰；

C选项“为当地的电子垃圾再利用计划提供资金”，参议员拜伦•谢尔的法案提到“这些费用将用于建立回收项目，为重新利用这些管子的非盈利机构提供资助，并奖励鼓励回收的制造商。”但是洛杉矶地区参议员罗梅罗的法案并没有涉及提供资金，该选项属于以偏概全。

3.【选项释义】

Consumersarenotsupposedtothrowusedcomputersinthetrashbecause____.消费者不应该把用过的电脑扔进垃圾桶，因为____。

A.theycontainlargeamountsofharmfulsubstancesA.它们含有大量有害物质

B.thisisbannedbytheCaliforniagovernment

B.这是加州政府禁止的

C.somepartsmayberecycledforuseelsewhereC.有些部件可能会被回收到其他地方使用

D.unscrupulousdealerswillretrievethemforprofitD.不择手段的商人会为了利润而收回它们

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第四段“大多数消费者并不知道他们不应该把电脑扔进垃圾桶。”以及第三段“据估计，加州家庭中储存着600万台电视机和电脑，每天还有6000到7000台电脑过时。这些机器含有高浓度的铅和其他有害物质，”由此可推断，因为这些机器含有大量有害物质所以不应该把它们扔进垃圾桶。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“这是加州政府禁止的”，文中第三段提到“这些机器含有高浓度的铅和其他有害物质，已经被禁止进入加州的垃圾填埋场。”由此可知加州政府禁止将它们填埋但是没有禁止人们丢到垃圾桶，该选项属于偷换概念；