考研考博-英语-中国石油大学（华东）考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国石油大学（华东）考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Improvedconsumerconfidenceis______toaneconomicrecovery.

问题1选项

A.crucial

B.subordinate

C.cumulative

D.satisfactory

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.crucial至关重要的，关键性的B.subordinate隶属的，从属的

C.cumulative（在力量或重要性方面）聚积的，积累的D.satisfactory令人满意的，够好的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“消费者信心的增强对经济复苏______”可知，空格处表示“至关重要的”符合句意。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】消费者信心的增强对经济复苏至关重要。

2.翻译题

Employersneedtobetterunderstandpeoplewhoaredisabled.MostofustakeoffenceattheassumptionthatcollectingSocialSecurityIncomecanprovideuseverythingweneed.Unemploymentishumiliatingandawfullyboring,andthere’snomeaningthere.Excludingsomeonebecauseheorshehasadisabilitythatdoesnotaffectperformanceisequivalenttowrongssuchashiringbasedonrace.Everyonedeservestohavetheopportunitytodoagoodjob,andasaresulthaveasenseofprideinbeingapartofsociety.

【答案】【参考译文】雇主需要更好地了解身体有障碍的人。一想到领取社会保障收入就能提供我们所需要的一切，我们大多数人都感到很生气。失业是耻辱的，而且非常无聊，没有任何意义。一个人的残疾并不影响他或她的工作表现，但是却因为这个而将他或她排除在外，这是错误的做法，这种错误无异于种族歧视。每个人都应该有机会做好工作，并因此对成为社会的一份子而感到自豪。

3.单选题

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

问题1选项

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。multiply意为“乘”；breed意为“饲养，培育(动植物)”；magnify意为“放大”；generation作名词时，意为“产生，繁殖”。

句意：将野生植物培育成小麦等主要粮食作物需要进行大量的研究，这一点是千真万确的。

4.单选题

Dailynutrition,weight,andphysicalactivitiesinthefamilywilllargelydeterminewhetheryourchildrenare（）tochildrendiabetes.

问题1选项

A.likely

B.susceptible

C.influential

D.sustainable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。likely“很可能的，合适的”；susceptible“易受影响的”；influential“有影响力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的”。句意：家庭中的日常营养、体重和体育活动在很大程度上决定了你的孩子是否容易患上糖尿病。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a（

）hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

问题1选项

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.controversy

D.verdict

【答案】C

【解析】句意:发生几次核灾难之后，关于核能安全的问题引发了一场激烈的争论。

名词辨析。quarrel吵架,口角;suspicion怀疑,疑心;controversy争论,辩论;verdict（陪审团的）裁定。故C符合句意。

6.单选题

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways______enough.

问题1选项

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inexplicable“费解的；无法说明的；不能解释的”；B选项healthy“健康的，健全的；有益于健康的”；C选项sound“合理的；无损的；有能力的；充足的；彻底的；熟睡的；资金充实的；严厉的；健全的”；D选项straight“直的；连续的；笔直的；正直的；整齐的；异性恋的”。句意：我们可以靠威廉去完成这个任务，因为他的决策总是合理的。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Crimesbychildrenhavebeenrisingatafasterratethanthejuvenilepopulation.Abouthalfofsuchcrimesinvolvethetraditionaloffensesofthetheft,breakingandentering,andvandalism,butserious,violentcrimesaregoingupatastartlingrate.Therateofarmedrobbery,rape,andmurderbyjuvenileshaddoubledinadecade.Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation,andaminimumofinternal,indirect,anddirectcontrolwouldsufficetosecureconformity.Theobjectionmaybemadethatmanyviolationsarecommittedfortheexcitementoftheviolationitself.However,otherpossibilitiesforexcitementexistbesidesviolatinglawsandregulations.

Nocompleteandgenerallysatisfactorylistofneeds,eitherofchildrenoradults,hasbeencompiled.Theredoesseemtobeessentialconsensusontheneedsforaffection,andsecurity.Althoughthesecategoriesdonotexhausttheneedsofchildren,theyare,atleast,abeginning.

Onlysomeofthechild’sneeds,particularlythoseoftheadolescent,canbesatisfiedwithinthefamily.Thefamilydoes,however,alsogreatlyaffectthechancestheadolescentwillhaveinsatisfyinghisneedsintheschool,inhispeergroup,andlater,inhisoccupation.Ifheisabletosatisfyhisneedsreasonablywelloutsidethehome,insociallyapprovedways,thereislesspressuretoachievethemthroughdelinquentbehavior.

Astherearelimitationsuponwhatcanbeachievedbyindirectanddirectcontrol,soalsoaretherelimitationsastoneedsatisfactions.Adolescentshavewantsthatmustbedeferred,atleast,suchasforforeignsportcars,sexualsatisfactions,andadultincomeandstatus.Likewise,noteveryonecanbethecaptainofthefootballteam,thecampusqueenorthewinnerofscholarshiphonors.Atpresent,thereisnowaythatadolescentscanalwaysbemadetofeellovedandsecuredandnoassurancethattherewillalwaysbesomethinginterestingtodo.Ontheothersideoftheledger,thereisalwayssomeworktobedonetoobtain,inalegitimatemanner,whateverrecognitionandprivilegesarepossible.

Eventhoughcompleteandimmediatesatisfactionofneedsisnotordinarilypossible,familiescangofartowardthelegitimatesatisfactionofneedswithinthefamily,andtheycanprepareandlaunchtheadolescentinhisinteractionwithschool,peergroup,andoccupation,otherwisetheycanfailalmosttotallyinhelpingtomeetneedsinandoutsidethefamilythroughacceptablebehavior.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,juvenilescommitviolationsbecause（

）.

2.Thefourthparagraphiswrittentoillustratethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingshouldthefamilydotoreducejuveniledelinquency?

4.Whichofthefollowingthemesdoestheauthorfocuson?

问题1选项

A.theywanttoderivepleasurefromtheviolationitself

B.theirneedsarenotsatisfiedcompletelyandimmediately

C.violatinglawsandregulationsoffersthemgreaterexcitement

D.notenoughcontrolisexercisedtomakethemconformtolaws

问题2选项

A.theimportantthingistogivechildrensomethinginterestingtodo

B.allthatchildrenneed,likeadults,arerecognitionandprivileges

C.childrencanbemadetofeellovedandsecureonlyathome

D.alltheneedsofanadolescentcannotbesatisfied

问题3选项

A.Exertdirectandindirectcontroloverthechildwithinthefamily.

B.Don’tinterfereinchildren’sbehaviorinoroutsidethefamily.

C.Trytohelpthechildrenmeetlegitimateneedsinandoutsidethefamily.

D.Tryitsbesttosatisfyallofthechildren’sneedswithinthefamily.

问题4选项

A.Needsatisfactionandjuveniledelinquency.

B.Adolescents’interactionwithfamily,schoolandsociety.

C.Familyaffectionanddevelopment.

D.Indirectanddirectcontroloveradolescents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第四句“Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation...”如果在不违反法律的情况下，能够充分地及时地满足青少年的所有需要，那么青少年就不会犯罪。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第四段的二三句，青少年的某些需要必须被推迟，比如外国跑车，性满足，成人的收入和地位。同样，不是每个人都能成为足球队队长、校花或奖学金获得者。作者意在说明并不是青少年所有的需求都能得到满足，选项D正确。

3.根据最后一段的内容可知，家庭可以在很大程度上满足家庭内部的需求，并且可以鼓励孩子与学校，同龄人团体以及职业相关的人和事交往互动。即帮助孩子满足家庭内外的合法需求。选项C符合原文。

4.结合文章内容可知，本文主要讨论的是满足需要与青少年犯罪，选项A最能概括全文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

8.单选题

Sheisvery（

）aboutherappearance.Halfofhersalarygoestoclothes.

问题1选项

A.particular

B.peculiar

C.special

D.unusual

【答案】A

【解析】particularabout为固定短语搭配，意为“对...挑剔，过分讲究的”。这里指她对自己的外表很讲究。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Withhisstrongaccent,it’shardto___whathe’stryingtosay.

问题1选项

A.handout

B.sortout

C.sendout

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.handout分发B.sortout挑选出；分类

C.sendout发送；派遣D.figureout想出；弄明白

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】固定句型itis+形容词+forsbtodosth，对某人来说做……是……的。With短语做原因状语。句意为因为他的口音，我们很难听清他在尝试说什么。综上所述，D选项figureout“想出、弄明白”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“弄清”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】他的口音很重，很难听懂他想说什么。

10.填空题

5.A:Look!Thewindowis（1）.Becareful（2）thepiecesofglassonthefloor.They’re（3）.

B:Johnsayssomeone（4）arockthroughthewindowthismorning.Noonehasany（5）whoitwas.

【答案】1.broken

2.of

3.sharp

4.threw

5.idea

【解析】1.语义题。句意:窗户坏了。bebroken表示“损坏的状态”。

2.固定搭配。Becarefulof小心…。

3.语义题。这部分是形容玻璃碎片，故可以填入表示“锋利”的sharp。

4.语义题。Throw扔(石头)。句子说的是thismorning(早上)发生的事,因此用一般过去时。

5.固定搭配。Hasidea知道。

11.单选题

Broughtupinademocraticatmosphere,thestudentwasshockedbythe______andnarrownessexpressedbyseveralofhisclassmates.

问题1选项

A.indecisiveness

B.bigotry

C.callus

D.calumny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项indecisiveness表示“犹豫不定”，B项bigotry表示“偏执，顽固”，C项callus表示“愈合组织，老茧”，D项calumny表示“诽谤，中伤”。根据句子可知，空格处和narrowness（狭隘）为并列成分，因此，四个选项中只有“偏执”符合语境。句意：在民主的环境中长大的这个学生对他的几个同学表现出的偏执和狭隘感到震惊。因此，该题选择B项正确。

12.单选题

They（

）hisclaimofinnocencewitheye-witnesstestimony

问题1选项

A.objected

B.opposed

C.contradicted

D.refuted

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。object“反对（一般与介词to搭配使用）”；oppose“反对；对抗，抗争”；contradict“反驳；否定；与······矛盾”；refute“驳斥”。句意：他们用目击者的证词来驳斥他声称自己无辜。选项D符合题意。

13.翻译题

II.(本题3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.

【答案】人本心理学14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Afteryearsofexpansion,thesmartphonemarketispeaking.Somefirmsstillthrive:China'sHuawei,atelecomsgiant,predictsthatrevenuesfromitsconsumer-devicesdivisionwillrisebyabout50%thisyear.ButXiaomi,aninnovativeelectronicsfirmonceseenasChina'sanswertoApple,islosingsteam.AppleitselfannouncedweakerresultsonApril26th.RevenuesfromsalesingreaterChinafellby26%yearonyear.Asthemarketfordevicesmatures,however,consumerspendingisshiftingtoservices:datausagehasgrownattriple-digitratessince2012.

UntillastyearhousepriceswererisingpredominantlyinprosperouscentralLondonboroughs.Thatwaslargelybecauseofaninfluxofcash-richbuyers,saysNealHudsonofSavills,anestateagency.Peoplesawposhpropertyinthecapitalasashelterfromeconomicturmoilabroad.ElsewhereinBritain,however,thehousingmarketwastorpid.Potentialbuyersstruggledtofindmortgages.Fallingrealwages,economicuncertaintyandthememoryofplummetinghousepricesduringthecrisiscurbedtheobsessionwithpropertyintheseareas.

【答案】经过多年的扩张，智能手机市场正处于顶峰状态。一些企业仍在茁壮成长：中国电信巨头华为预测，其自身消费设备部门今年的收入将增长约50%。然而，曾经被看成是中国对苹果公司竞争回应的一家创新性电子公司小米却正在失去收入增加的动力。在4月26日，苹果自己也宣布了较弱的业绩。苹果在大中华地区销售额同比下降26%。然而，随着电子设备市场的成熟，消费者的支出也正在转向服务方面：自2012年以来，数据流量使用一直保持三位数的增长率。

直到去年，在繁荣的伦敦市中心地区的房价一直在显著上升。房地产中介第一太平戴维斯公司(SaviHs)的尼尔•哈德逊(NealHudson)声称，这在很大程度上是因为现金充裕的买家涌入。人们把首都的高档房产看作是国外经济动荡的避风港。然而，在英国的其他地方，房地产市场却是萎靡不振的。潜在买家为了找到抵押贷款而苦苦挣扎。在经济危机期间，实际工资的下降、经济的不稳定性和对房价暴跌的记忆都遏制了英国人对这些地区房地产的痴迷。

15.单选题

Ourcommitteehaselectedanew（）.

问题1选项

A.chief

B.principal

C.head

D.chairman

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查名词用法。A选项chief“首领，头目”，B选项principal“校长”，C选项head“负责人，领导人”，D选项chairman“（会议的）主席，主持人，（委员会的）委员长，主席，（公司等的）董事长”。句意：我们委员会选出了一位新的委员长。因此，D选项符合句意。

16.单选题

In1923theinnovativeRussianfilmmakerDzigaVertovdescribedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld.”Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.Yetfilmsonarthavenothadapowerfulandpervasiveeffectonthewaywesee.

Publicationsonartflourish,butthesebooksandarticlesdonotnecessarilysucceedinteachingustoseemoredeeplyormoreclearly.Muchwritinginarthistoryadvancesthediscourseinthefieldbutisunlikelytoinformtheeyeofoneunfamiliarwithitspolemics.Films,however,withtheircapacitytopresentmaterialvisuallyandtoreachabroaderaudience,havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracy(theabilitytoidentifythedetailsthatcharacterizeaparticularstyle)moreeffectivelythanpublicationscan.Unfortunately,fewofthehundredorsofilmsonartthataremadeeachyearintheUnitedStatesarebroadcastnationallyonprime-timetelevision.

Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.Someoftheseshortcomingscanbeattributedtothefailureofarthistoriansandfilmmakerstocollaboratecloselyenoughwhenmakingfilmsonart.Theseprofessionalsareable,withintheirrespectivedisciplines,toincreaseourawarenessofvisualforms.Forclosecollaborationtooccur,professionalsineachdisciplineneedtorecognizethatfilmsonartcanbebotheducationalandentertaining,butthiswillrequirecompromiseonbothsides.Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.Filmmakersneedtoresisttheimpulsetomovethecameraquicklyfromdetailtodetailforfearofboringtheviewer,toframetheimageforthesakeofdramaalone,toadmusicforfearofsilence.Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentrationand,atthesametime,areconcernedthatitmaynotbecompellingenough-andsotheyhopetoprovidereliefbyinterposing“real”scenesthatbearonlyatangentialrelationshiptothesubject.Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords,butalsobydirectingtheviewer’sgaze.Thespecializedwrittenlanguageofarthistoryneedstoberelinquishedoratleasttemperedforthescreen.Onlyaneffectivecollaborationbetweenfilmmakersandarthistorianscancreatefilmsthatwillenhanceviewers’perceptionsofart.

1.Thepassagesuggeststhatafilmmakerdesiringtoenhanceviewers’perceptionsofartshoulddowhichofthefollowing?

2.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoVertovinthefirstparagraphmostprobablyinorderto

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfilmandvisualliteracy?

6.Accordingtothepassage,arthistoriansdesiringtoworkwithfilmmakerstoenhancethepublic’sappreciationofartneedtoacknowledgewhichofthefollowing?

7.Whichofthefollowingwoulddescribetheauthor’smostlikelyreactiontoaclaimthatfilmsonartwouldmoresuccessfullypromotevisualliteracyiftheyfollowedthestandardssetforrockvideos?

问题1选项

A.Relyonthepreciselanguageofarthistorywhendevelopingscriptsforfilmsonart.

B.Relyondramaticnarrativeandmusictosetafilm’stoneandstyle.

C.Recognizethataworkofartbyitselfcanbecompellingenoughtoholdaviewer’sattention.

D.Dependmorestronglyonnarrationinsteadofcameramovementstoguidetheviewer’sgaze.

问题2选项

A.provideanexampleofhowfilmscanbeusedtoinfluenceperceptions

B.presentevidencetosupporttheargumentthatfilmshavebeenusedsuccessfullytoinfluenceviewers’perceptions

C.introducethenotionthatfilmcaninfluencehowviewerssee

D.contrastatraditionalviewoftheusesoffilmwithamoremodemview

问题3选项

A.Anobservationaboutanunsatisfactorysituationisoffered,thereasonsforthesituationarediscussed,andthenwaystochangeitaresuggested.

B.Twoopinionsregardingacontroversialphenomenonarecontrasted,supportingevidenceforeachispresented,andthenthetwoopinionsarereconciled.

C.Criticismofapointofviewisdiscussed,thecriticismisanswered,andthenthecriticismisappliedtoanotherpointofview.

D.Apointofviewisdescribed,evidencesupportingtheviewisprovided,andthenasummaryispresented.

问题4选项

A.discussingwhyfilm’spotentialasamediumforpresentingarttothegeneralpublichasnotbeenfullyrealizedandhowfilmmightbemademoreeffectiveinthisregard

B.discussingtheshortcomingsoffilmsonartandthetechnologicalinnovationsrequiredtoincreasetheimpactoffilmonvisualliteracy

C.discussingtheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofusingfilmsratherthanpublicationstopresentworksofarttothegeneralpublic

D.presentinginformationtosupporttheviewthatfilmsonartmustfocusmoreoneducationandlessonentertainmentinordertoincreasevisualliteracy.

问题5选项

A.Readingapublicationaboutaworkofartandthenseeingafilmaboutthesameworkisthemosteffectivewaytodevelopvisualliteracy.

B.Anincreaseinaviewer’sawarenessofvisualformswillalsoleadtoanincreasedattentionspan.

C.Filmhasagreatbutnotyetfullyexploitedcapacitytoincreaseviewers’awarenessofvisualforms.

D.Afilmthatfocusesonthedetailsofaworkofartwillhinderthedevelopmentofvisualliteracy.

问题6选项

A.Thearthistorian’sroleinthecreationofafilmonartislikelytobearelativelyminorone.

B.Filmcanusenonverbalmeanstoachievesomeofthesameresultsthataspokenorwrittendiscoursecanachieve.

C.Anin-depthanalysisofaworkofartisnotanappropriatetopicforafilmonart.

D.Althoughsilencemaybeanappropriateback-groundwhenviewingaworkofartinamuseum,itisinappropriateinafilm.

问题7选项

A.Ambivalence

B.Indifference

C.Sympathy

D.Disdain

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据文章第三段：Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentration.制片人要意识到艺术的目标就是吸引注意力。确定C选项‘承认艺术作品本身有足够的魅力可以吸引观众的注意’正确。A选项‘在创作艺术类电影时，需要精准的艺术史语言’、B选项‘设计电影基调与风格时，需要戏剧性的叙事与音乐’和D选项‘要抓住观众的注意力，更多的依靠的是叙事，而不是移动的镜头’与原文不符，排除。

2.根据文章第一段：...describedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld”.Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.认为电影制作是一个让观众重新感知世界的过程。托夫影制作的描述是把电影看成是一种艺术。确定C选项‘阐述一个概念：电影是如何影响观众的视觉’正确。A选项‘举个例子说明电影可以影响感知力’、B选项‘为以下论点提供论据：电影已经成功影响了观众的感知力’和D选项‘将对电影作用的传统观点与现代观点进行比较’与原文不符，排除。

3.整个文章是按照先讲问题，再分析原因，最后提出解决办法这一模式行文的，所以A选项‘先提出观察到的令人不满意的现状，再分析原因，最后给出解决方法’正确。B选项‘先提出两个矛盾的观点，再提出各自支持的论据，最后将两个矛盾综合’、C选项‘先批驳一个观点，再反驳回去，然后再批驳另一个观点’和D选项‘先提出一个观点，再给支持该观点的论据，最后总结’不符合原文的写作结构，排除。

4.根据文章第二段：Films...havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracymoreeffectivelythanpublicationscan:电影比出版物更具有提高观众视觉认识能力的潜力。第三段：Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.艺术类电影很少在黄金时段播出，究其原因，一方面是因为分配的限制，另一方面就是许多这类影片本身的不足之处。由确定B选项‘讨论艺术类电影本身的不足之处以及技术创新，要求提高对视觉认识能力的影响力’符合题意。A选项‘讨论电影作为媒体，其向大众传播艺术的潜力没有得到充分发挥的原因，以及电影在这方面或许有着更大的效应’、C选项‘讨论与出版物相比，运用电影这一方式向大众宣传艺术作品的优势与劣势’和D选项‘为以下观点提供论据：艺术类电影为了提高观众的视觉认识能力，把重点放在教育意义上而非娱乐性‘不符合原文，排除。

5.根据文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.创作艺术类影片的制片人不应当遵循拍摄摇滚影片和广告的标准。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...艺术作品需要开发出属于自己的特色语言或术语。艺术历史学家也要相信观众有能力去辨析，而不是仅仅依靠言语。确定C选项‘电影在提高观众的视觉形式意识方面，大有潜力可挖’正确。A选项‘阅读有关艺术作品的出版物，然后看一场同类型的电影，这是提高观众视觉认识能力最有效的方法’、B选项‘观众视觉认识能力的扩大将扩大观众注意力的范围’和D选项‘以艺术类作品为题裁的电影将会阻碍视觉认识能力的发展’不符合原文。

6.根据文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.创作艺术类影片的制片人不应当遵循拍摄摇滚影片和广告的标准。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...：艺术作品需要开发出属于自己的特色语言或术语。艺术历史学家也要相信观众有能力去辨析，而不是仅仅依靠言语。由此确定B选项‘演讲或书面言语所取得的效果，电影可以通过非言语的方式获得同样的效果‘正确。A选项‘艺术历史学家创作艺术类电影的作用相对降低了’、C选项‘进一步分析艺术类作品不适合成为艺术类电影的主题的原因’和D选项‘在博物馆欣赏艺术作品时，寂静与之最为相村，可是这一点并不适合用在电影中’不符合原文，排除。

7.根据文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.合作艺术类影片的制片人不应当遵循拍摄摇滚影片和广告的标准。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.艺术作品需要开发出属于自己的特色语言或术语。由此得出，如果遵照做了，势必产生相反的效果。所以D选项‘蔑视’符合题意。A选项‘矛盾心理’、B选项‘漠不关心’和C选项‘同情’不符合原文，排除。

17.单选题

Theyarelookingforsomewayto（）theirappetite.

问题1选项

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项satiate“充分满足；使厌腻”；B选项apply“申请；涂，敷；适用”；C选项strengthen“加强；巩固”；D选项sustain“维持；支撑，承担”。句意：他们正在寻找填饱肚子的方法。此题选A，可以把“satiateappetite”理解为“填饱肚子”。

18.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide,thusitcanavoidheavylosses.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】句意:应该要有一个可以避免火车相撞的机制，从而避免重大损失。

考查名词辨析。appliance器具，器械，装置，家用电器；accessory配件，附件，［法］从犯，（衣服的）配饰；machine机械；mechanism机制，机械装置。因此D符合句意。

19.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargeandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatstructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What”andifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinbornandaresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnection.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,braindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepsychologists’attitudetowardstheissuethatwomen’smindsaredifferentfrommen’s?

3.“Thesedifferences”inParagraph5referstothosein______.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggestsmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.mental

D.social

问题2选项

A.Theyusedtoconsidertheissueuninterestingandnotworthresearching.

B.Theyfindthatthedifferenceisattributedtotheinfluenceofthesociety.

C.Theyhavealreadygivenupfindingouttherealcauseofthedifference.

D.Theystudytheissuefromaperspectivedifferentfromthatofthebiologists.

问题3选项

A.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

B.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

C.theperformanceonschoolsubjects

D.theskillsofmenandwomen

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen

C.thefunctioningofpartsofthebrain

D.theeffectsofthetrunkline10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题5选项

A.Toproposenewfieldsinbrainresearch.

B.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariouscausesofstructuraldifferencesinbrain.

D.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweengenderandbrainstructure.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，大脑的差异是由……因素造成的”。第三段提到Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?（我们倾向于认为是社会的影响造成了这些差异。但我们可能错了吗？），联系后文并没有否定这个认为，因此D项“社会”符合题意；A项“生理”、B项“心理”和C项“精神”在文中都没有明确提到是其因素。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“以下哪一个最好地描述了心理学家对女性的思想不同于男性这一问题的态度？”。根据第一段中的Women’smindswor