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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东华理工大学长江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Womenbossesareviewedaslessqualifiedandcapablethantheirmale(
)accordingtoastudy.
问题1选项
A.equivalents
B.counterparts
C.peers
D.substitutes
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“同等物”;counterpart意为“职位(或作用)相当的人”;peer意为“同龄人”;substitute意为“替代物”。
句意:根据一项研究,女性老板被认为不如男性老板合格、有能力。
2.单选题
Bothversionsofthemyth一theWestasaplaceofescapefromsocietyandtheWestasastageonwhichthemoralconflictsconfrontingsocietycouldbeplayedout—figuredprominentlyinthehistoriesandessaysofyoungTheodoreRoosevelt,thepaintingsandsculpturesofartistFredericRemington,andtheshortstoriesandnovelsofwriterOwenWister.ThesethreeyoungmembersoftheeasternestablishmentspentmuchtimeintheWestinthe1880s,andeachwasintenselyaffectedbytheadventure.Allthreehadfeltthwartedbytheconstraintsandenervatinginfluenceofthegenteelurbanworldinwhichtheyhadgrownup,andeachwentWesttoexperiencethephysicalchallengesandmoralsimplicitiesextolledinthedimenovels.WhenRooseveltarrivedin1884attheranchhehadpurchasedintheDakotaBadlands,heatonceboughtaleatherscout’suniform,completewithfringedsleevesandleggings.
EachmanalsofoundintheWestpreciselywhathewaslookingfor.ThefrontierthatRooseveltglorifiedinsuchbooksasTheWinningoftheWest(fourvolumes,1889-1896),andthattheprolificRemingtonportrayedinhiswork,wasastarkphysicalandmoralenvironmentthatstrippedawayallsocialartificeandtestedanindividual’strueabilityandcharacter.DrawingonapopularversionofEnglishscientistCharlesDarwin’sevolutionarytheory,whichcharacterizedlifeasastruggleinwhichonlythefittestandhastsurvived,RooseveltandRemingtonexaltedthedisappearingfrontierasthelastoutpostofanhonestandtruesocialorder.
ThisversionofthefrontiermythreacheditsapogeeinOwenWister’senormouslypopularnovelTheVirginian(1902),laterreincarnatedasa1929GaryCoopermovieanda1960stelevisionseries.InWister’staletheelemental,physicalandsocialenvironmentoftheGreatPlainsproducesindividualslikehisunnamedcowboyhero,“theVirginian”,anhonest,strong,andcompassionateman,quicktohelptheweakandfightthewicked.TheVirginianisoneofnature’saristocrats—ill-educatedandunsophisticatedbutuptight,steady,anddeeplymoral.TheVirginiansumsuphisownmoralcodeindescribinghisviewofGod’sjustice:“Heplaysasquaregamewithus.”ForWister,asforRooseveltandRemington,thecowboywastheChristianknightonthePlains,indifferenttomaterialgainasheheldvirtue,pursuedjustice,andattackedevil.
Needlesstosay,thewesternmythinallitsformswasfarremovedfromtheactualrealityoftheWest.CriticsdelightedinpointingoutthatnoonesceneinTheVirginianactuallyshowedthehardphysicallaborofthecattlerange.TheidealizedversionoftheWestalsoglossedoverthedarkerundersideoffrontierexpansion—thebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare,theforcedremovaloftheIndianstoreservations,theracistdiscriminationagainstMexican-Americansandblacks,therisksandperilsofcommercialagricultureandcattlegrowing,andtheboom-and-bustmentalityrootedintheselfishexploitationofnaturalresources.
1.WhichofthefollowingisprobablythemainreasonfortheauthortomentionTheodoreRoosevelt,FredericRemingtonandOwenWister?
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesTheVirginian?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthemythoftheWestis
NOTtrue?
4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthepassageis()
5.WhatisprobablythereasonforpeopletomakeupalegendaryWest?
问题1选项
A.Theyglorifiedthefrontierlife.
B.Theywereconstrainedbythegenteelurbanworld.
C.TheyspentmuchtimeintheWest.
D.Theywerefamousmembersoftheeasternestablishment.
问题2选项
A.ItisthebestWesternmovieevermadeinHollywood.
B.ItisapopularnovelwrittenbyOwnWisterandTheodoreRoosevelt.
C.Itgivesanaccuratedepictionofthefrontierexperience.
D.ItisoneofthemostsuccessfulbooksabouttheWest.
问题3选项
A.Inoneidealizedview,theWestwasaplaceonecanescapefromsocietyanditspressures.
B.Inoneversionofthemyth,westernfrontiersmanwasdepictedasafiguredeeplyimmersedinsocietyanditsconcerto.
C.Somewritersportrayedthewesternwildernessasasimpleandinnocentsociety.
D.TheextremehardshipofthefrontierlifeisonepowerfulthemeofthelegendaryWest.
问题4选项
A.toperpetuatethemythabouttheWest
B.tointroducethefamouswritersandpaintersoftheWest
C.todistinguishthemythoftheWestandtheactualreality
D.topresentthebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare
问题5选项
A.Theylikedtomakeupstories.
B.Theybelievedwhattheyportrayedweretheactualreality.
C.TheyclungtothemythoftheWestasanuncomplicated,untaintedEdenofsocialsimplicity,andmoralclarityinaneraofunsettlingsocialtransformation.
D.TheywantedtomakeprofitbyluringpeopletotheWest.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节题。题干:下面哪一个可能是作者提到TheodoreRoosevelt、FredericRemington和OwenWister的主要原因?由关键词定位到文章第一段第一句。文中提到,这三人都是传扬西部神话的作家和艺术家,他们的作品都对西部进行了美化。因此A选项符合题意。
2.细节题。题干:下面哪个陈述最能描述《弗吉尼亚人》?TheVirginian出现在第三段第一句。A选项的bestWesternmovie与原文“a1929…moive”不符合;文中没有提到TheodoreRoosevelt与小说有关,所以排除B选项;C选项的thefrontierexperience与“thefrontiermyth”不符合,因此排除C选项。这本书成功塑造了西部神话,是最成功的关于西部的书之一,因此D选项符合题意。
3.判断推理题。题干:根据这篇文章,下列哪个关于西方神话的陈述是不正确的?选项A对应本文第一段第一句“”;B选项对应第三段第二句;C选项对应第二段第二句;最后一段提到,《弗吉尼亚人》没有提到theextremehardship,因此D是不对的。
4.主旨题。题干:作者写这篇文章的主要目的是______。全文讲述了西部神话的发展历程和成功,也说到了西部神话和西部现实之间的区别。不是介绍著名西部作家和艺术家,因此排除B选项。文章只有最后提到了部分D选项的内容,不能代表主旨。因此C选项符合题意。
5.判断推理题。题干:人们为什么要组成一个传奇的西部?文章第二段提到,人们在西部找到了自己正在追寻的事物。在混乱的社会转型时代,西部被认为是纯粹且未受污染的伊甸园。因此C选项符合题意。
3.案例题
"Useitorloseit"isthenewapproachtobackpain.Inthelastfewyears,therehasbeena(1)changeinthewaydoctorstreatthismostcommondisease.Weeksormonthsofrestinbed一the(2)methodoftreatmentforsolong—arenowthoughttobesurelyharmful.Musclesbecomesoft,jointsbecome(3)andwhatstartedoutasa(4)acuteconditionquicklyturnsintoacontinuingdisability.Farbetter,accordingtocurrentthinking,istoputupwithalittlepainandgetmoving.
Thechangehasnothappenedovernight.Foryears,somespecialistshavehadan(5)feelingthatbedrestwasnottheanswer.Butwhatfinallyputanendto(6)bedrestwasastudyofmorethan200patientswhoweretreatedforbackpaininaclinicinTaxes.Notonlydidpatientswhohadtwodays'bedrestdototallyaswellasthosegivensevendays,they(7)onlyhalfasmuchtimealtogether(8)work.
Asaresultofthestudy,expertsnowrecommendthat(9)anyonewithacutebackpainshouldspendmorethanafewdays(10)down.Afterthatshouldcomeaprogramofgradually(11)exercise,probablyaccompaniedbysome(12)treatmentssuchasmassage,heatorultrasound.
Becauseofhospitalwaitinglists,mostpeoplehavetowaitseveralweeksbeforereceivingthetreatmenttheyneeD.Unfortunatelythiswaitisoftenspentinbedorinactivefor(13)ofdoingfurtherdamagetotheback.Ithasbeenestimatedthatforeverydayaninjuredmuscleisresteditlosesatleastonepercentofits(14).Stayinbedfortwoorthreeweeksanditwillbefar(15)torebuildadamagedmuscle.
Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.
temporary
fear
extend
passiver
equire
substantial
count
instinctive
increase
lie
permanent
hardly
stiff
stick
adopt
hard
current
strength
off
standard
【答案】1.substantial。
2.passive
3.stiff
4.temporary
5.instinctive
6.lie
7.require
8.hard
9.current
10.adopting
11.strength
12.standard
13.fear
14.count
15.permanent
【解析】1.结合上下文及句意可知,既然是新方法,那么治疗这种疾病的方式自然是有了很大的变化。故答案为substantial。
2.根据前面的Weeksormonthsofrestinbed可推断,这种治疗方法是"被动的"。故答案为passive。
3.结合上文可知填空处应填入与soft相对的形容词,stiff呆板的;坚硬的,符合原文句意。故答案为stiff。
4.根据下文的"continuing"可知,填空处应指"暂时的急性症状",故答案为temporary。
5.instinctive与feeling搭配意为"直觉",符合语义。故为答案为instinctive。
6.根据原文句意可知,这里指结束卧床休息的研究。liebedrest指"卧床休息"。故答案为lie。
7.根据原文句意:两天卧床休息的病人不仅和七天卧床休息的病人完全一样,而且他们总共只需要努力工作时间的一半。故答案为require。
8.hard与work构成固定搭配,意为"努力工作"。
9.分析句子的结构和语义,填空处应填入与now意思相近的形容词,故current(目前)符合要求。
10.根据原文可知,这里指"花时间适应背疼的情况",spend后接doing形式。故答案为adopting。
11.此处指"力量运动"。故答案为strength。
12.根据下文的suchasmassage,heatorultrasound可知,这里是对治疗的具体举例,standardtreatments表述合理。故答案为standard。
13.forfearof为固定短语,意为"生怕,以免。"
14.根据上下文及句意可知,这里指"总数的百分之一"。故答案为count.
15.根据关键词"far"推断,填空处应填入的形容词表示需要很长的时间,permanent符合原文。故答案为permanent。
4.单选题
Whereashistoriansoncemaintainedthatscienceis(
)otherenterprises,theyhavecometorealizethatscienceisactuallyintertwinedwiththevalues,socialassumptions,andintellectualtraditionsofaparticularhistoricalperiod.
问题1选项
A.dependenton
B.tantamountto
C.ancillaryto
D.distinctfrom
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。dependenton依赖于;ancillaryto从属的,附属的。tantamountto等的,相当于。distinctfrom与······不同。句意:历史学家曾经坚持科学是不同于其他事业的,然而,他们开始认识到科学是和价值观、社会假设,以及一个特定历史时期的智慧传统联系在一起的。由后文中的isactuallyintertwinedwith可知空格处与这个意思相反,故答案D。
5.单选题
Thelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury()thesteadyimprovementinthemeansoftravel.
问题1选项
A.told
B.declared
C.viewed
D.witnessed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项tell“告诉、讲述”;B选项declare“宣布、申明”;C选项view“观察”;D选项witness“目击、见证”,句意为:19世纪后半期见证了交通工具的不断改进。D选项符合句意。
6.单选题
HurricanesformoverthetropicaloceanicregionswheretheSunheatshugemassesofmoistair.Anascendingspiralmotionresults,inthesamemannerasdescribedintornadoformation.Whenthemoistureoftherisingaircondenses,thelatentheatprovidesadditionalenergyandmoreairrisesupthecolumn.Thislatentheatisachiefsourceofthehurricane'senergyandisreadilyavailablefromthecondensationofthemoistairofitssourceregion.
Unlikethetornado,ahurricanegainsenergyfromitssourceregion.[1]Asmoreandmoreairrises,thehurricanegrows,accompaniedbycloudsandincreasingwindsthatblowinalargespiralaroundarelativelycalm,low-pressurecenter_theeyeofthehurricane.Theeyemaybe20to30mileswide,andshipssailingintothisareahavefoundthatitisusuallycalmandclearwithnoindicationofthesurroundingstorm.Theairpressureisreduced6-8%(toabout28in.ofHg)neartheeye.Hurricanesmoveratherslowlyatafewmilesperhour.
[2]Coveringbroadareas,hurricanescanbeparticularlydestructive.Therewewindsofatleast74mi/h;butthesecanbemuchgreater,upto120-130mi/h,whichareverydangerous.Mobilehomesareparticularlyvulnerabletohurricanewinds.Thegreatestthreatfromahurricane'swindscomesfromtheircargoofdebris—adeadlybarrageofflyingmissilessuchaslawnfurniture,signs,roofing,andmetalsiding.
Hurricanewindsdomuchdamage,butdrowningisthegreatestcauseofhurricanedeaths.[3]Astheeyeofthehurricanecomesashoreor"makeslandfall",agreatdomeofwatercalledastormsurge,oftenover50miwide,comessweepingacrossthecoastline.Itbringshugewavesandstormtidesthatmayreach25ftormoreabovenormal.Therisemaycomerapidly,floodingcoastallowlands.Nineoutoftenhurricanecasualtiesarecausedbythestormsurge.Thetorrentialrainsthataccompanythehurricaneproducesuddenfloodingasthestormmovesinland.Asitswindsdiminish,rainfallfloodsconstitutethehurricane'sgreatestthreat.
Oncecutofffromthewarmocean,thestormbeginstodie,starvedforwaterandheatenergy,andcraggedapartbyfrictionasitmovesovertheland.Eventhoughahurricaneweakensrapidlyasitmovesinland,theremnantsofthestormcanbring6-12in.ofrainormoretotheareastheycross.[4]Forexample,HurricaneDianeof
1955causedlittledamageasitmovedintotheGulfcoastalarea;butlongafteritswindssubsided,itbroughtfloodstoPennsylvania,NewYork,andNewEnglandthatkilled200personsandcostanestimated$700millionindamage.In1972,HurricaneAgnesfusedwithanotherstormsystem,floodingcreekandriverbasinsintheNortheastwithmorethanafootofraininlessthan12hours,killing117people,andcausingalmost$3billiondamage.
1.Thesubjectinthispassageis().
2.InParagraph1,theword"latent"means()
3.Iftheauthorweredeliveringthispassageorally,hisorhertoneofvoicewouldprobablybe().
4.WhatdoesthesentenceinParagraph4“Nineoutoften...”doinrelationtothesentence"Hurricanewindsdo..."?
5.Whichofthesestatementswouldtheauthorsupport?
问题1选项
A.tornadoes
B.hurricanes
C.winds
D.hurricanewinds
问题2选项
A.potential
B.low
C.high
D.extreme
问题3选项
A.objective
B..celebratory
C.righteous
D.awestruck
问题4选项
A.Itcontradictswhatissaidinthelatter.
B.Itsummarizeswhatissaidinthelatter.
C.Itactsasaspecificexampleofwhatisstatedinthelatter.
D.Italtersthemeaningofwhatisstatedinthelatter.
问题5选项
A.Hurricanesaremerelybigstormsliketornadoes.
B.Hurricanewindsaren'tmuchofaproblemunlessyouliveonthecoast.
C.Hurricanesaremoreofaproblemforairplanesthanforboats.
D.Hurricanesaredestructiveanddangerousacrosslargeareas.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:D
【解析】1.根据原文内容,本文主要讲的是飓风。选项B和D都是飓风,但是hurricanewinds强调的是winds,所以选项B正确。
2.根据第一段的最后一句“Thislatentheatisachiefsourceofthehurricane'senergyandisreadilyavailablefromthecondensationofthemoistairofitssourceregion.”这种热能是飓风能量的主要来源,很容易从其来源地区潮湿空气的冷凝中获得。所以选项A潜在的符合原文。
3.作者如果用口头表达这篇文章的话,他的语气可能是.objective客观的;celebratory有褒扬意味;righteous正义的;awestruck被吓住而毕恭毕敬。
4.根据第四段内容“Nineoutoften...”十分之九的飓风伤亡是由风暴潮造成的。这与第四段的首句"Hurricanewindsdo..."飓风造成的破坏很大,但溺水是造成飓风死亡的最大原因。前后矛盾。所以选项A正确。
5.根据第三段的第一句“Coveringbroadareas,hurricanescanbeparticularlydestructive.”选项D飓风在大面积的开阔地带威力最大,符合原文。
7.单选题
Inthefinalanalysis,itisour______ofdeathwhichdecidesouranswerstoallthequestionsthatlifeputstous.
问题1选项
A.conception
B.deception
C.reception
D.presentation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conception“理解;怀孕”;B选项deception“欺骗”;C选项reception“接待”;D选项presentation“战士”。句意:说到底,是我们对死亡的______决定了我们对生命所提出的所有问题的答案。根据语境,这里指如何看待死亡决定我们如何看待生命中的问题,所以conception“理解”符合题意。因此A选项正确。
8.单选题
Eventhoughyoumaybeexcitedaboutrelocating,youmaystillmournthelossofafamiliarhome,wayoflife,familyandfriendsleftbehind.“Underestimatingtheemotionalimpactofmovingisthebiggestmistakepeoplemake,”saysPatriciaNida,Psychologistandrelocationconsultant.“Peoplethinkthereissomethingwrongwiththemiftheycan’tcopewiththeemotionalupheavalofmoving.Theydon’trealizeit’snormal.”WhenSheilamovedfromOregontoCalifornia,ittookhernearlyayeartofeelrootedinhernewcommunity.Thentwoyearslater,thefamilymovedbacktoOregon.Whenwecameback,Icouldn’tgetusedtothem.Eachtimewemoved,IfeltlikeIlostapartofmyself.”
“Althougheveryonewhomovesfeelsthislossofidentitytosomeextent,it’susuallymostdisastrousforanon-workingwife”,saysDr.Seidenberg,clinicalprofessorofpsychiatry.“Heridentity,”sayshe,“stemsfromheractivitiesandthetiestothecommunity.Relocatingwipesitallout.Everytimeshemoves,shehastore-establishhercredentials.”“Youcopebyreachingoutandfindingactivitiesandpeoplethatinterestyou,”addsEileenKirsh,aveteranoffourspouse-job-relatedmoves.“Ifyouarelucky,youmeetsomeonecompatible.”
Don’tavoidsayinggoodbye.Itmayseemeasieratthetime,butinthelongrun,itcancreateagreatersenseofloss.Resistthetemptationtosevertieswithyouroldneighborhood.Maintainrelationships.Allowyourselftogothroughtheemotionsassociatedwithmoving,withoutcriticism.Whenyouacquireyournewlivingquarters,introduceyourselftoyournewneighbors.Writeaheadtoyournewhouseofworshipandcommunityorganizationsforinformationonactivitiesandservices.Whenyoufinallymovein,youwillfeelmoreapartofthenewcommunity.Establishfamilytraditionsthatmovewithyou.Doingthingstogetherasafamilymakesyoufeelathome,nomatterwhereyoulive.
Movingisadifficultexperience,butitalsohasmanyadvantages.Psychologistssayitstimulatesgrowth,makesusadaptable,broadensourscopeandgivesustheopportunitytomakenewfriendsandenjoynewexperiences.Asanationandasindividuals,wearestrengthenedbyourpioneerspirit.Andifwecansaveonwearandtear-allthebetter.
13.Whenpeoplemove,they____.
14.Theword“upheaval”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto____.
15.Researchershavefoundthatmanypeople____.
16.Housewivesaretheworstsufferersfromrelocatingbecausethey____.
17.Theauthoradvisesthereadertotakethingseasyby____.
18.Inconclusion,theauthorproposesthatpeopleshould____.
问题1选项
A.makethebiggestmistake
B.minimizetheirlosses
C.havemixedfeelings
D.areintrouble
问题2选项
A.uplift
B.violence
C.approval
D.turbulence
问题3选项
A.arebeingashamedofbeingsentimentalaboutlife
B.缺失
C.spendyearsdecidingwheretosettledown
D.oftenfailtoseetheadvantagesofmoving
问题4选项
A.havetofindtheiridentityagain
B.don’tknowhowtomakenewfriends
C.feelitdifficulttogetusedtodifferentclimate
D.havetomovewhentheirhusbandsgetnewjobs
问题5选项
A.keepingthefamilytradition
B.cuttingtieswiththeoldlivingquarters
C.movingaheadoftimetothenewresidence
D.resistingthetemptationtoshowemotion
问题6选项
A.movemorefrequentlyiftheycan
B.learntobepositiveaboutmoving
C.beeconomicalwhentheymove
D.carryonthepioneerspiritandmovetotheWest
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:A
第6题:B
【解析】13.【选项释义】
Whenpeoplemove,they____.当人们搬家时,他们____。
A.makethebiggestmistakeA.犯最大的错误
B.minimizetheirlossesB.减少/小看他们的损失
C.havemixedfeelingsC.心情复杂
D.areintroubleD.有麻烦
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词peoplemove定位到原文第1段,本段第1句说“即使你可能对搬迁感到兴奋(beexcited),你可能仍然会为失去一个熟悉的家、生活方式、家人和朋友而悲伤(mournthelossof)。”因此,C选项“心情复杂”表述正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“犯最大的错误”,定位到第1段第2句,PatriciaNida说“低估搬家的情感影响是人们犯的最大错误”,此处有上下文限制,这句话表达的是,“低估搬家的情感影响”是人们在被搬家时犯的最大的错误;而该选项“犯最大的错误”没有语境限制,表达的是“搬家时人们犯的最大的错误”,因此,该选项表述错误,属于偷换概念;
B选项“减少/小看他们的损失”,原文说的是“低估搬家的情感影响”,选项表述错误,属于过度推理;
D选项“有麻烦”,原文虽然说搬家很困难,但最后一段第1句也说“搬家是一种艰难的经历,但它也有很多好处(manyadvantages)。”该选项表述不准确,属于推理过度。
14.【选项释义】
Theword“upheaval”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto____.第1段中的“upheaval”一词的意思最接近于____。
A.upliftA.提高,增长;抬起;振奋
B.violenceB.暴力;激烈
C.approvalC.批准;赞成
D.turbulenceD.骚乱,动荡
【考查点】词汇推测题。
【解题思路】
1)句中前后信息衔接:根据题干关键词Para.1和upheaval定位到原文第1段第3句,该句说到“如果人们不能应对搬家带来的情绪____(theemotionalupheavalofmoving),他们就会认为自己有问题(somethingwrongwiththem)。”由此可知,upheaval是个名词,是搬家所引起的一种情绪上的变化,并且根据人们认为处理不好就是自己有问题这一点可推断,这种情绪变化是负面的。因此,D选项“动荡”,emotionalturbulence“情绪波动”符合题意。
2)上下文语义衔接:本段最后3句通过举例对此进行了进一步说明。Sheila从Oregon(俄勒冈州)搬到California(加利福尼亚),花了很长时间适应新的环境;又搬回俄勒冈州时,也无法适应。她说“每次搬家,我都觉得自己好像失去了一部分(lostapartofmyself)。”由此可知,这是搬家带来的情绪变化,也可推测出D选项“动荡”,emotionalturbulence“情绪波动”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“(情绪)振奋”,不符合负面的情感基调;
B选项“暴力;激烈”,原文没有依据;
C选项“批准;赞成”,不符合负面的情感基调。
15.【选项释义】
Researchershavefoundthatmanypeople____.研究人员发现,许多人____。
A.arebeingashamedofbeingsentimentalaboutlifeA.耻于对生活多愁善感
B.缺失B.缺失
C.spendyearsdecidingwheretosettledownC.花数年时间决定在哪里定居
D.oftenfailtoseetheadvantagesofmovingD.往往看不到搬家的好处
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Researchers和manypeople来解题,原文有2处地方提到了研究人员的发现。第1处,第1段第2-3句心理学家PatriciaNida的发现“如果人们不能应对(can’tcopewith)搬家带来的情绪波动,他们就会认为自己有问题(somethingwrongwiththem)。”由此可知,人们认为搬家带来的情绪波动是不正常的,不应该有的,A选项“耻于对生活多愁善感”表述符合原文。第2处,第2段精神病学临床教授Seidenberg医生的发现“尽管每个搬家的人都会多多少少感受到这种身份的丧失(thislossofidentity),但对于不工作的妻子来说,这通常是最糟糕的”,该发现与本题选项无关。
【干扰项排除】
B选项缺失;
C选项“花数年时间决定在哪里定居”,原文并未提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“往往看不到搬家的好处”,原文虽然说了搬家有很多好处,但并没有说人们没有看到搬家的好处,该选项属于无中生有。
16.【选项释义】
Housewivesaretheworstsufferersfromrelocatingbecausethey____.家庭主妇受搬家的影响最大,因为她们____。
A.havetofindtheiridentityagainA.要重新找到自己的身份
B.don’tknowhowtomakenewfriendsB.不知道如何结交新朋友
C.feelitdifficulttogetusedtodifferentclimateC.觉得适应不同的气候很困难
D.havetomovewhentheirhusbandsgetnewjobsD.丈夫找了新工作就不得不搬家
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Housewives和theworstsufferersfromrelocating可定位到原文第2段。本段提到“精神病学临床教授Seidenberg医生发现,尽管每个搬家的人都会多多少少感受到这种身份的丧失(thislossofidentity),但对于没有工作的妻子(anon-workingwife)来说,这通常是最糟糕的(mostdisastrous)。她的身份(Heridentity)来自于她的活动和与社区的联系,搬家将这一切都抹去了。每次搬家,她都得重新建立自己的资历(re-establishhercredentials)。”由此可知,家庭主妇受搬家的影响最大,因为A选项“要重新找到自己的身份”。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“不知道如何结交新朋友”,原文并未提及,属于无中生有;
C选项“觉得适应不同的气候很困难”,原文并未提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“丈夫找了新工作就不得不搬家”,原文是在介绍EileenKirsh的身份时提到了她四次因配偶和工作而搬家(fourspouse-job-relatedmoves),而不是解释为什么家庭主妇受搬家的影响最大,该选项属于偷换概念。
17.【选项释义】
Theauthoradvisesthereadertotakethingseasyby____.作者建议读者通过____放轻松。
A.keepingthefamilytraditionA.保持家庭传统
B.cuttingtieswiththeoldlivingquartersB.切断了与旧住宅区邻居的联系
C.movingaheadoftimetothenewresidenceC.提前搬到新居
D.resistingthetemptationtoshowemotionD.抵制表露情感的诱惑
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词advisesthereadertotakethingseasy定位到原文第3段。本段最后两句说到“建立(Establishfamilytraditions)跟随你一起移动的家庭传统。一家人一起做事让你有家的感觉(makesyoufeelathome),无论你住在哪里。”由此可知,一家人一起做事让人有家的感觉,所以A选项“保持家庭传统”可以减轻搬家带来的情绪波动,让人放松,符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“切断了与旧住宅区邻居的联系”,可定位到第3段第3句,该句说到“抵制与老邻居断绝关系的诱惑”,由此可知,作者认为应该与老邻居保持联系,与选项表述相反,该选项属于反向干扰;
C选项“提前搬到新居”,原文并未提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“抵制表露情感的诱惑”,原文所说的要抵制的诱惑是“切断与老邻居的联系”,而不是“表露情感”,并且本段第1句说到“不要避免说再见”,即要表露情感,该选项属于
反向干扰。
18.【选项释义】
Inconclusion,theauthorproposesthatpeopleshould____.总结时作者建议人们应该____。
A.movemorefrequentlyiftheycanA.尽可能地频繁搬家
B.learntobepositiveaboutmovingB.学会积极地看待搬家
C.beeconomicalwhentheymoveC.他们搬家时要节约
D.carryonthepioneerspiritandmovetotheWestD.发扬开拓精神,向西部进发
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Inconclusion可定位到原文最后一段。本段提到,搬家虽然很困难,但也有很多好处(manyadvantages),并进行了列举;倒数第2句提到,“作为一个国家和一个人,开拓精神都使我们更加强大”。前文都在提搬家的难处,最后一段却提到了搬家的好处,以及开拓精神会让我们强大,因此,作者是希望读者积极地看待搬家这件事,B选项“学会积极地看待搬家”表述正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“尽可能地频繁搬家”,原文虽然说搬家有很多好处,但这并不意味着要频繁地搬家,该选项属于无中生有;
C选项“他们搬家时要节约”,最后一句说“如果我们能节省损耗(saveonwearandtear),那就更好了。”原文是说最好要节约,并且只是最后一段一小点的内容,该选项属于以偏概全;
D选项“发扬开拓精神,向西部进发”,原文虽然提到了开拓精神,但并不是说要向西部进发,该选项属于过度推理。
9.单选题
Theystoodgazingatthehappy()ofchildrenplayinginthepark.
问题1选项
A.perspective
B.view
C.landscape
D.scene
【答案】D
【解析】名词近义词辨析。句意:他们站在那儿,凝视着在公园里玩耍的孩子们的快乐场景。perspective远景,透视图;view视野,风景;landscape风景,风景画;scene特定地点的景色,场景。D项在表示场景时,场景中通常包括了其中的人物及其活动,所以本题选D。
10.单选题
TeadinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.
TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.
AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.
Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchessfoundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergettingasinkingfeelingasshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithher,andtea-timewasborn.
1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?
2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses____________.
3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain____________.
4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause____________.
5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof____________.
问题1选项
A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.
B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.
C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.
D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.
问题2选项
A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain
B.howteabecameapopulardrinkwithmilk
C.howaduchessgotthehabitofdrinkingteaintheafternoon
D.howtea-timewasborn
问题3选项
A.ineighteenthcentury
B.insixteenthcentury
C.inseventeenthcentury
D.inthelateseventeenthcentury
问题4选项
A.ittastedlikemilk
B.ittastedmorepleasant
C.itbecameapopulardrink
D.MadamedeSevignewasinfluential
问题5选项
A.afamousFrenchlady
B.theancientChinese
C.theuppersocialclass
D.peopleinHolland
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第三句ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHolland(在商店里买不到茶,有的人让人从荷兰寄来茶),可知B选项“茶叶是从荷兰传入英国的”正确。根据第二段第一句TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.(在17世纪早期东印度公司的船只开始直接从中国运茶之前,茶叶在英国一直稀缺且非常昂贵。),可知A选项“英国人从印度买到昂贵的茶叶”错误;在这之前英国人从荷兰卖茶,故D选项“直到17世纪,英国人才开始喝茶”错误。C选项“英国人是最先在欧洲喝茶的人”:文章没有提到在欧洲没有提到哪个国
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