考研考博-英语-三亚学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三亚学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

问题1选项

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

问题2选项

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

问题3选项

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

问题4选项

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

问题5选项

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一段提到我第一次在伦敦旅行时还是个学生。那时候依依不舍地离开妈妈的怀抱，还提着一个装满家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第一段提到尽管是在战后艰苦的日子，我们依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象当第一天到达伦敦寓所吃的食物的沮丧心情。所以选项A符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位至第三段。作者认为旅店女老板的装扮非常俗气，而他的朋友亚瑟在那里待了三天后对伦敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都没有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪华的接待区和破败的休息室和餐厅以及阁楼水槽等，并说到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪华的外表下竟是破败的内在。因此D项“虚有其表”正确。

第4题:作者和他的朋友的房间并不比顶楼大多少，四周是斑驳的墙壁。有一个褪了色的水池，水管整夜响不停，摆放的几件家具还比不上英国监狱局的。所以选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章倒数第一段提到日常的隐私和平静可以保护我们不会堕落成疯狂的凶手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一个人需要休息的场所和喘息的时间。所以选项D符合题意。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese

Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandtabletennis,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommunique.

Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.

Noontimecameandwent;Nixon,whorarelyhadlunch,andKissinger,whorarelymissedit,skippedthemealandwentrightontalkingforalmostfourhours.

See-sawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous,thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.

Mathematicianswhohavetriedtousecomputerstocopythewaythebrainworkshavefoundthatusingeventhelatestelectronicequipmenttheywouldhavetobuildacomputerwhichweighedover10,000kilos.

Wemaintainthatnopeacesituationispermanentwhichdoesnottakeintoaccountthelegitimatewishesofthemajorityofthepeopleofanycountry.

Hiseight-minutevaledictorywaseverythingthatGorewasn'tduringhiseighteen-monthcampaign:graceful,authentic,inspiring.

Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.

Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruth'ssake,andthatis“asfarasdonoharm''.

Don'tbeaboveaskingaboutthingsyoudon'tunderstand.

【答案】晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他将起草最后公报。

约翰是可以信赖的。他忠诚而守规矩。

中午到了，又过去了；很少吃午饭的尼克松和很少错过午餐的基辛格跳过了这顿饭，他们直接洽谈了将近四个小时。

在那以后的四个星期内，消息时好时坏，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。

试图使用计算机复制大脑工作方式的数学家发现，即使是使用最新的电子设备，他们必须制造一台体重超过1万公斤的计算机。

我们认为没有任何和平局面是永久的，如果不考虑任何国家大多数人民的合法愿望。

他八分钟的告别演讲很成功，Gore在他十八个月的竞选活动中却没有表现出来：优雅、真诚、鼓舞人心。

例如，对于一个四口之家来说，与其外出到别的地方去找乐子，还不如舒适地坐在家里，因为更方便，也更便宜，而且几乎可以享受无限的乐趣。

我们的职业传统上恪守一个信条，那就是尽可能的不造成伤害，这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德。

不懂的事，不要怕问。

3.翻译题

Myfatherwasamiddle-classblack.Thoughhewasbornpoor,heachievedmiddle-classstandingthroughmuchhardworkandsacrifice（oneofhisfavoritewords）andbyidentifyingfullywithsolidmiddle-classvalues—mainlyhardwork,familylife,propertyownership,andeducationforhischildren（allfourofwhomhaveadvanceddegrees）.Inhismindthesewerenotsomuchvaluesaslawsofnature.Peoplewhoembodiedthemmadeupthepositiveimagesinhisclassidentification.Thenegativeimagescamelargelyfromtheblackshehadleftbehindbecausetheywere"goingnowhere.”

WhetherIliveuptothesevaluesornot,Iknowthatmyacceptanceofthemistheresultoflifelongconditioning.IknowalsothatIsharethisconditioningwithmiddle-classpeopleofallracesandthatIcannomoreeasilybefreeofitthanIcanbefreeofmyrace.Forthemiddle-classblack,conditionedbythesevaluesfrombirth,thesenseofmeaningtheyprovideisasimmutableasthecolorofhisskin.

Ithasalwaysannoyedmetohearfromthemouthsofcertainarbitersofblacknessthatmiddle-classblacksshould"reachback”andpullupthoseblackslessfortunatethanthey—asthoughmiddle-classstatuswereanunearnedandessentiallypassiveconditioninwhichoneneededalargemeasureofnoblesseobligetooccupyone’stime.Myownimageisofreachingbackfromamovingtraintoliftonboardthosewhohavenotickets.This,Ithink,issomethingmembersoftheblackmiddleclasscanrealisticallyoffertootherblacks.Buttheycannotleadbyexampleuntiltheyarereleasedfromablackidentitythatregardsthatexampleassuspect,thatseesthemas“marginally”black,indeedthatholdsthembackbycatchingtheminadoublebind.

【答案】【参考译文】

我父亲是一个中产阶级黑人。虽然出身贫寒，但他通过努力工作和牺牲（他最喜欢的词），以及通过充分认同的坚实的中产阶级价值观——主要是努力工作、（重视）家庭生活、（拥有）财产所有权以及（注重）孩子的教育（四个孩子都有高等学位），从而实现了中产阶级的地位。在他看来，这些与其说是价值观，不如说是自然法则。那些拥有这些价值观念的人在他的阶级认同中树立了积极的形象。负面形象主要来自于被父亲抛在身后的黑人，因为他们“一事无成”。

不管我是否实践了这些价值观，我知道我对它们的接受是终身熏陶的结果。我也知道，我与所有种族的中产阶级都受同样的熏陶，我不能轻易摆脱它，就像我不能轻易摆脱我的种族一样。对于中产阶级黑人来说，从出生起就受到这些价值观的制约，它们所提供的意义就像他的肤色一样不可改变。

经常让我恼火的是，总是从某些黑人仲裁者口中听到黑人中产阶级应该“返回去”,并且让那些不如他们幸运的黑人也振作起来。——好像中产阶级地位是不劳而获的，并且基本上是被动的条件，在这种条件下一个人需要很大程度上的贵族品德来占用个人的时间。我自己的形象就是从一辆行驶的火车返回，让那些没有车票的人登上火车。我认为，这是黑人中产阶级成员可以实际提供给其他黑人的东西。但是他们无法自身作则，直到他们从黑人身份中解放出来，这种身份把榜样视为可疑分子，把他们视为“勉强”的黑人，事实上，这个身份把他们拖了回来，使他们陷入双重困境。

4.写作题

Thegraphsbelowshowthechangeofinfantmortalityandlifeexpectancyinacountry.Writeanessayof200words.Youressaymustbebasedontheinstructionsasfollows:

1.Describethegraphs

2.Givesomereasons

3.Predictthefutureinfantmortality

【答案】略

5.单选题

Manytouristswere（）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。degrade“使降低，使堕落，”；bewilder“迷惑；把…弄糊涂，”；evoke意为“唤起，引起，”；divert意为“转移，分散。”句意：这个城市复杂的交通把许多游客搞得晕头转向。B项符合题意。

6.单选题

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant“有重大意义的，显著的”;enormous“巨大的,庞大的”；considerable“相当多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous“众多的，许多的”一般用来修饰可数名词。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。

7.单选题

IntheUnitedStatestherearemorepeoplewhoareobesetodaythantwentyyearsago.

问题1选项

A.gainfullyemployedt

B.upwardlymobile

C.excessivelyoverweight

D.privatelyeducated

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。obese表示“肥胖的，过胖的”；A项gainfullyemployed“被高薪聘用”，B项upwardlymobile“走向富裕的，走向上层社会的”，C项excessivelyoverweight“过度超重”，D项privatelyeducated“私立学校”。句意：在美国，现在肥胖的人比20年前要多。根据句意可知，只有C项中的weight表示体重，故该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

Theannual（）ofthedepartmentstorestartstomorrow.

问题1选项

A.stocking

B.stocktaking

C.stockpiling

D.stockholding

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。stocking长袜；stocktaking盘点存货；stockpiling贮存，囤积；stockholding持有股票或证券。句意：百货公司的年度盘点明天开始。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

The______wasgreatestwhenthepitcherpausedbeforedeliveringthelaststrike.

问题1选项

A.game

B.crowd

C.sportsmanship

D.tension

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.game游戏；比赛B.crowd人群

C.sportsmanship体育精神D.tension拉力；紧张

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句的意思“当投手在投出最后一个好球前停顿时”可推测，人们紧张的气氛是最高的，因此空格处填入D项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】当投手在投出最后一个好球前停顿时，紧张的气氛达到了顶点。

10.单选题

Thegirlbegantocryandtearsslowly（）downherface.

问题1选项

A.oozed

B.trickled

C.dribbled

D.leaked

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项oozed“渗出，泄漏（有慢慢渗出来的意思）”；B选项trickled“滴，细细地流”；C选项dribbled“流（口水）；滴下”；D选项leaked“使渗漏，泄露”。句意：女孩哭了起来，眼泪慢慢地从脸上_____。只有B选项可以与后面的down搭配，意为“一滴滴落下”；A选项与out搭配，表示“泄漏”；C选项一般后面不跟介词；D选项与out搭配，意为“漏出”。而本句表达的是“眼泪一滴滴滑落”，因此B选项符合题意。

11.翻译题

TranslatetilefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

历代的智慧，几个世纪以来人类一直籍以为乐的故事，所有这些都可以从书中方便而又便宜的获得。但是我必须懂得如何利用这份宝藏，懂得如何才能使它对我们最为有益。世界上最为不幸的人，也就是那些从未体验过读好书之乐趣的人吧。

我对人最为感兴趣，喜欢结识他们，喜欢了解他们。我认识的一些非凡之人，首先存在于作者的想象之中，然后表现在作品的字里行间，最后在我的想象中重新显现。我在书中找到了新的朋友，新的社会，还有新的语言。

把你的一部分空闲时光用来培养阅读好书的爱好吧。爱读书的人从好书中不但得到乐趣，他们从中获得的那种精神粮食，从其它地方是很难得到的。尽管他们未必有意识地想到读书是为了提高才智。在不知不觉中，他们从书中吸取的知识积累起来，经过想象力的加工，对将来大有用处。

【答案】Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthatdelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.Butwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowtogetthemostvaluefromit.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverexperiencedthejoyofreadingagoodbook.

Iammostinterestedinpeople,inmeetingthemandfindingoutaboutthem.SomeoftheremarkablepeopleI’vemetexistedonlyinwriter’simagination,thenonthepagesofhisbook,andthenagain,inmyimagination.Ihavefoundnewfriends,newsocietyandnewwordsinbooks.

Devotesomeofyourleisuretocultivatingaloveofreadinggoodbooks.Fromgoodbooks,moreover,theydrawmuchbesidesentertainment.Theygainmentalfoodsuchasfewcompanionscansupply,albeittheymaynotbedeliberatelyreadingtoimprovetheirmind.Allunconsciouslytheideastheyderivefromtheprintedpagedarestoredup,tobeworkedoverbytheimaginationforfutureprofit.

12.单选题

Tosavemoneyformyeducation,motheroftentookonmoreworkthan（

）forher.

问题1选项

A.itwasgood

B.whatwasgood

C.wasgood

D.beinggood

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词性从句,than后面接名词或者名词性从句,只有B项符合。

13.单选题

Manygreatinventionsareinitiallygreetedwithridiculeanddisbelief.Theinventionoftheairplanewasnoexception.AlthoughmanypeoplewhoheardaboutthefirstpoweredflightonDecember17,1903wereexcitedandimpressed,othersreactedwithpealsoflaughter.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.Negativereactions,however,didnotstoptheWrights.Impelledbytheirdesiretosucceed,theycontinuedtheirexperimentsinaviation.

OrvilleandWilburWrighthadalwayshadacompellinginterestinaeronauticsandmechanics.Asyoungboystheyearnedmoneybymakingandsellingkitesandmechanicaltoys.Later,theydesignedanewspaper-foldingmachine,builtaprintingpress,andoperatedabicycle-repairshop.In1896,whentheyreadaboutthedeathofOttoLilienthal,thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.

Lilienthal,apioneerinhang-gliding,hadcontrolledhisglidersbyshiftinghisbodyinthedesireddirection.ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers,however,andtheysearchedformoreefficientmethodstocontrolthebalanceofairbornevehicles.In1990and1901,theWrightstestednumerousglidersanddevelopedcontroltechniques.Thebrothers’inabilitytoobtainenoughliftpowerfortheglidersalmostledthemtoabandontheirefforts.

Afterfurtherstudy,theWrightbrothersconcludedthatthepublishedtablesofairpressureoncurvedsurfacesmustbewrong.Theysetupawindtunnelandbeganaseriesofexperimentswithmodelwings.Becauseoftheirefforts,theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.Thiswork,inturn,madeitpossibleforthebrotherstodesignamachinethatwouldfly.In1903theWrightsbuilttheirfirstairplane,whichcostlessthan$1,000.

Theyevendesignedandbuilttheirownsourceofpropulsion―alightweightgasolineengine.WhentheystartedtheengineonDecember17,theairplanepulsatedwildlybeforetakingoff.Theplanemanagedtostayaloftfor12seconds,however,anditflew120feet.

By1905,theWrightshadperfectedthefirstairplanethatcouldturn,circle,andremainairborneforhalfanhouratatime.Othershadflowninballoonsandhanggliders,buttheWrightbrotherswerethefirsttobuildafull-sizemachinethatcouldflyunderitsownpower.Asthecontributorsofoneofthemostoutstandingengineeringachievementsinhistory,theWrightbrothersareaccuratelycalledthefathersofaviation.

1.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwas（

）tosomepeople.

2.SomepeoplethoughtthattheWrightbrothershad（

）.

3.TheWrights’interestinflightgrewintoa（

）.

4.Lilienthal’sideaaboutcontrollingairbornevehicleswas

（

）

theWrights.

5.Theoldtableswere（

）andreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.

问题1选项

A.boring

B.distasteful

C.exciting

D.needless

E.answernotavailable

问题2选项

A.actedwithoutthinking

B.beennegativelyinfluenced

C.beentoocautious

D.beenmistaken

E.actedinanegativeway

问题3选项

A.financialempire

B.plan

C.needtoact

D.foolishthought

E.answernotavailable

问题4选项

A.provenwrongby

B.oppositetotheideasof

C.dislikedby

D.acceptedby

E.improvedby

问题5选项

A.destroyed

B.invalidated

C.multiplied

D.approved

E.notused

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.”可知驾驶飞机的想法令一些人反感。因此B选项“使人不愉快的，令人反感的”符合题意。A选项“无聊的”；C选项“令人兴奋的”；D选项“不必要的”：E选项“没有答案”。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.”这类人称最早的飞机发明人莱特兄弟是冲动的傻瓜，可知一些人认为莱特兄弟做事冲动，不经思考，因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.”莱特兄弟对飞行的兴趣发展成一种强迫行为，因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers”这种想法对莱特兄弟而言是令人反感的，可知这种想法不被莱特兄弟喜欢，因此C选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章第四段中“theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.”旧表被及时废除，取而代之的是第一个可靠的曲面气压数据，因此B选项“使无效，失效”符合题意。

14.单选题

Manypeople,ifnotmost,____literarytasteasanelegantaccomplishment,byacquiringwhichtheywillcompletethemselves,andmakethemselvesfinallyfitasmembersofacorrectsociety.

问题1选项

A.lookon

B.lookdown

C.lookin

D.lookinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析与上下文语义。A选项lookon“观看；看待”；B选项lookdown“俯视；瞧不起”；C选项lookin“往里看；（~on顺道拜访）”；D选项lookinto“调查；窥视”。句意：许多人，即使不是大多数，____把文学品味作为一种高雅的修养……根据句意，此处表达的是把文学品味看作一种高雅的修养，A选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

15.单选题

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom-awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"she'sthetalkerinourfamily.Theroomburstintolaughterthemanlookedpuzzledandhurt,"it'strue"heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewoftheme—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingandsocialarrangements.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication.“Hedoesn'tlistentome”:“Hedoesn'ttalktome.”IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingat:thebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.

1.Whatismostwivesmainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

2.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase"wreakinghavoc"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

5.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson（

）.

问题1选项

A.Talkingtothem.

B.Trustingthem.

C.Supportingtheircareers.

D.Sharinghousework.

问题2选项

A.generatingmotivation

B.exertinginfluence

C.causingdamage

D.creatingpressure

问题3选项

A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen

B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples

D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse

问题4选项

A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

问题5选项

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S

D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中womenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem（女人经常抱怨他们的丈夫不和她们交谈）可推测大多数妻子对丈夫的主要期望是与他们交谈，因此选A。

第2题:词义题。generatingmotivation意为“产生动机”；exertinginfluence意为“发挥影响”；causingdamage意为“造成伤害”；creatingpressure意为“创造压力”。由文章第二段中althoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome,andpatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.（尽管美国男人在公共场合比女人说话更多，但他们在家里经常少说话，这种模式正在wreakinghavoc婚姻）以及第三段中gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces（没有沟通是他们离婚的原因）可知C选项最符合句意。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中althoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome可知A、D选项正确，由第四段中Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication可知C选项正确，因此选B。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中mostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives（大多数妻子希望丈夫成为最重要的谈话伙伴，但很少有丈夫对妻子抱有同样的期望）可推测妻子与丈夫对谈话有不同的认知，因此选D。

第5题:推理判断题。文章主要讲述了家庭生活中妻子与丈夫对谈话认知的差异，那么接下来作者将继续围绕这一主题进行展述，最有可能对thestereotypicalcartoon进行详细描述，因此选B。

16.单选题

Studentsofthegreatsociety,lookingatmankindinthelongperspectiveofhistory,havefrequentlybeendisposedtoseekanexplanationofexistingculturaldifferencesamongracesandpeoplesinsomesingledominatingcauseorcondition.Oneschoolofthoughthasfoundthatexplanationinclimateandinthephysicalenvironment.Anotherschoolhassoughtanexplanationofdivergentculturesintheinnatequalitiesofracesbiologicallyinherited.Thesetwotheorieshavethisincommon,namely,thattheybothconceivecivilizationandsocietytobetheresultofevolutionaryprocesses—processesbywhichmanhasacquirednewinheritabletraits—ratherthanprocessesbywhichnewrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenmen.

Incontrasttobothofthese,thereisthecatastrophictheoryofcivilization.Fromthispointofview,climateandinnateracialtraits,importantastheymayhavebeenintheevolutionofraces,havebeenofonlyminorinfluenceincreatingexistingculturaldifferences.Infact,racesandcultures,sofarfrombeinginanysenseidentical—oreventheproductsofsimilarconditionsandforces—areperhapstobesetoveragainstoneanotherascontrasteffects,theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem.Atanyrate,ifitistruethatracesaretheproductsofisolationandinbreeding,itisjustascertainthatcivilization,ontheotherhand,isaconsequenceofcontactandcommunication.Theforceswhichhavebeendecisiveinthehistoryofmankindarethosewhichhavebroughtmentogetherinfruitfulcompetition,conflict,andcooperation.

Amongthemostimportantoftheseinfluenceshavebeen—accordingtowhatIhavecalledthecatastrophictheoryofprogress—migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned.“Everyadvanceinculture,”saysBucher,inhisIndustrialEvolution,“commences,sotospeak,withanewperiodofwandering,”andinsupportofthisthesishepointsoutthattheearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.“Thegreatfoundersofreligion,theearliestpoetsandphilosophers,themusiciansandactorsofpastepochs，areallgreatwanderers.Eventoday,donottheinventor,thepreacherofanewdoctrine,andthevirtuosotravelfromplacetoplaceinsearchofadherentsandadmirers—notwithstandingtheimmenserecentdevelopmentinthemeansofcommunicatinginformation?”

Theinfluencesonmigrationshavenotbeenlimited,ofcourse,bythechangeswhichtheyhaveeffectedinexistingcultures.Inthelongrun,theyhavedeterminedtheracialcharacteristicsofhistoricalpeoples.“Thewholeteachingofethnology,”asGriffithTaylorremarks,“Showthatpeoplesofmixedracearetheruleandnottheexceptions.”Everynation,uponexamination,turnsouttohavebeenamoreorlesssuccessfulmelting-pot.Tothisconstantsiftingofracesandpeoples,humangeographershavegiventhetitle“thehistoricalmovement,”because,asMissSemplesays,“itunderliesmostwrittenhistoryandconstitutesthemajorpartofunwrittenhistory,especiallythatofsavageandnomadictribes.”

Changesinracedoinevitablyfollowchangesinculture.Themovementsandminglingofpeopleswhichbringrapid,sudden,andoftencatastrophicchangesincustomsandhabitsarefollowed,inthecourseoftime,asaresultofinterbreeding,bycorrespondingmodificationsintemperamentandphysique.Therehasprobablyneverbeenaninstancewhereraceshavelivedtogetherintheintimatecontactswhichacommoneconomyenforcesinwhichracialcontiguityhasnotproducedracialhybrids.However,changesinracialcharacteristicsandinculturaltraitsproceedatverydifferentrates,anditisnotoriousthatculturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically.

1.Whatdoestheauthorbelievetobethegreatestinfluenceoncultureresultingingreaterculturaldiv