考研考博-英语-南京信息工程大学滨江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京信息工程大学滨江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Youshouldtreatthoseremarkswiththe（

）thattheydeserve,don’tgivethemasecondthought.

问题1选项

A.negative

B.disgrace

C.contempt

D.sarcasm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。negative“否定；负数”；disgrace“耻辱；丢脸的人或事”；contempt“轻视；耻辱”；sarcasm“讽刺；挖苦”。句意：你应该以那些评论应得的轻视来对待它们，别再想了。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Ms.Breenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe___witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

问题1选项

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项accepted“公认的；被认可的，被接受的（被大多数人接受的观点是正确的或合理的）”；B选项admitted“公认的；被承认了的（承认自己曾经做过的事情）”；C选项admired“被赞美的；被钦佩的”；D选项acquainted“熟识的；知晓的；有知识的”。句意：布林女士只在城里住了一年，但似乎每个来店里的人都很___她。本句表达“虽然布林女士在城里居住时间不长，但似乎每个来店里的人都很赞美她”，因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.

Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce,andtherearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsidewhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother,whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.

Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Butenforcement!Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthisunderminedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.ThebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundUS.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother'sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem：itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,theadvocatesofviolencesay,”allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.

“It'sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser”.Possible?Mylord,thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom;theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whichcanbestreplacetheword“acute”(Line1,Para.1)mean（）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofourenergyandstrength?

4.Whatdotrulyreasonablemenadvocatetosolvetheproblemofraceprejudice?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,what'stheprerequisiteofpeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces?

问题1选项

A.intelligentandquicktonoticeandunderstandthings

B.havingasharpendorpoint

C.verysensitiveandwelldeveloped

D.seriousorsevere

问题2选项

A.Violenceleadstonowherebutmakingthingsworse.

B.Violenceistherootofevils.

C.Violenceiswhathumankindresentsmost.

D.Violencecanbeeliminatedsoonerorlater.

问题3选项

A.Theyarewastedandmightbewelldirectedandachievemoremeaningfulresults.

B.Theyarealreadyconstructiveandwelldirectedandwillfulfillastablesociety.

C.Theywillworkonlywithcoordinatedefforts.

D.Theywillworklikemagiconthesolutionofracialprejudice.

问题4选项

A.Lawenforcement.

B.Knowledge.

C.Nonviolence.

D.Eliminatingviolencemess.

问题5选项

A.Mutualunderstanding.

B.Mutuallycooperative.

C.Learningfromeachother.

D.Bridgingthemisunderstandinggapbetweenraces'customs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据后半句“...violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.”因此，人们理所当然地认为暴力是解决分歧的一种手段，甚至没有人对它提出质疑。说明这是很严重的种族歧视。选项D符合原文。

2.根据第一段的内容可知，作者指出人们对暴力解决问题的麻木和无知，意在告诉人们暴力不仅无法解决问题，甚至可能让事情变得更糟糕。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第四段的倒是第三句“Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.在指导得当的情况下，实现一个稳定的社会计划的理想并非不可能。

选项A符合原文。

4.根据第四段的第二句“Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.”选项A正确。

5.根据第五段的第一句“Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother'sproblems.”在我们开始考虑种族之间的和平共处之前，我们必须了解彼此的问题。也就是说消除种族习俗之间的误解。选项D符合原文。

4.单选题

VII.EconomicLaw

InsideinformationintheU.S.is“materialnonpublicinformation”.Theproblemis,allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public.Allinformationisatoncematerialtosomeinvestorstoacertainextentbutirrelevanttootherinvestorstoacertainextent.

Federallegislationdoesnotdefineinsideinformation.Definitionshavearisenthroughcontroversialcaselaw.However,insideinformationcanneverbecompletelydefinedbecauseallinformationis,tovaryingdegrees,nonpublic.UnlikeECMH,arealisticassumptionisthatmostinformationisunknownandoftenunknowableaswell.Forexample,mostpeopledonotknowgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples.Yet,theGAAParewellestablishedandquitenecessarytoasolidfundamentalanalysisofanystock.IsGAAPinsideinformation?Areaccountants“insiders”?Dotheyhavean“unfair”tradingadvantage—fortheirknowledgeoffundamentalanalysisofstockvalues(ratios)doesinfactgivethematradingadvantageasWarrenBuffetexemplifies.Werightlydonotpunishaccountantsfortheirexpertise.Yettheirexpertiseisbasedonathoroughknowledgeofexactlythetypeofinformationthatisregardedas“inside”!

Theuntenabilityofthe“inside”informationdistinctionbecomesclearifwelookatinsidertradingfromtheperspectiveofinformationtheory.Information,likeanyproduct,hasalifecycle.Allinformationstartsitslifecycleas“unknown”.Informationatfirstisknownbynoone.Informationissomehowdiscoveredorinvented.Thenitis“knownonlybyafew”.Wemightcallthesepersons“insiders”andthelawsometimesdoes.This“inside”informationovertimeisdisseminatedataratecorrespondingtoitsvalue.Whendoestheinformationstopbeing“inside”andstartbeing“public”?Ithinkthatquestionisunanswerable.Inanyevent,onceaninformationbecomeswidelydisseminatedithaslittlevalue.Thevalueof“inside”informationexistsbecauseitisrare—likeanyproduct“rare”informationhasgreatervaluethan“common”information.Anditistheveryvalueofapieceofinformationthatencouragesitsdissemination.Outlawinguseof“inside”informationisaverygoodwaytoslowdownitspublication.Innoothermarketdowepunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledge.Infact,inafewmarkets—patents,trademarksandcopyrights—thelawactuallymakesinformationmonopolies.Thevalueof“insider”informationdetermineshowrapidlyandtowhomtheinformationflows.Whenthelawimposesrestrictionsontheuseofinsiderinformationitisdistortingmarketprocesses,restrictinginformationflowandgeneratesmarketinefficiency.

75.Accordingtotheauthor,thevalueoftheinformationdependson___.

76.Thedescriptionthatthelifecycleofinformationstartsfrom“unknown”to“knownonlybyafew”,thento“public”isfollowingthe___.

77.Weonlypunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledgein___market.

78.Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorwantstotellthereadersthat___.

问题1选项

A.thetypeoftheinformation

B.thespeedofitsdissemination

C.thelegalrestriction

D.itsrareness

问题2选项

A.statutoryrules

B.marketoperation

C.informationtheory

D.productlifecycle

问题3选项

A.intellectualproperties

B.securities

C.accounting

D.generalproduct

问题4选项

A.“insideinformation”isdifficulttobedefined

B.allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public,thus“inside”

C.theaccountantsknowledgeofGAAPcanalsobe“insideinformation”

D.Allinformationismaterialforsomeinvestorsbutirrelevantorknowntootherinvestors

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】75.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字定位到原文第二段Thevalueof“inside”informationexistsbecauseitisrare—likeanyproduct“rare”informationhasgreatervaluethan“common”information.（“内部”信息的价值之所以存在，是因为它是稀有的——就像任何产品一样，“稀有”信息比“普通”信息的价值更大）可知信息的价值取决于它的稀有程度，选D选项“稀有”；第二段Inanyevent,onceaninformationbecomeswidelydisseminatedithaslittlevalue.（无论如何，一旦信息被广泛传播，它就没有什么价值）可知是传播范围越广，信息就越没有价值，和传播速度无关，B选项“它传播的速度”属于过度推测，排除；A选项“信息的类型”和C选项“法律限制”和原文不符，排除。因此D选项正确。

76.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Information,likeanyproduct,hasalifecycle.（信息和任何产品一样，都有一个生命周期）可以推测出信息的生命周期和产品的生命周期相似，选D选项“产品生命周期”；A选项“法定规则”，B选项“市场运行”以及C选项“信息理论”和原文不符。因此D选项正确。

77.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Innoothermarketdowepunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledge.Infact,inafewmarkets—patents,trademarksandcopyrights—thelawactuallymakesinformationmonopolies.（在其他任何市场，我们都不会惩罚那些从他们的知识中获利的人。事实上，在一些市场——专利、商标和版权——法律实际上造成了信息垄断）可知在其他市场，依靠知识获利不会被惩罚，但是在“专利、商标和版权”这样的知识产权下，法律形成了垄断，即法律会保护知识产权，会惩罚那些用他们的知识在知识产权市场上获利的人，选A选项“知识产权”；第二段Werightlydonotpunishaccountantsfortheirexpertise.（我们不应该因为会计师的专业知识而惩罚他们）可知C选项“会计”是不会被惩罚，排除；B选项“证券”以及D选项“通用产品”原文未涉及，属于无中生有。因此A选项符合题意。

78.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】作者意图题。根据第一段中心句InsideinformationintheU.S.is“materialnonpublicinformation”.Theproblemis,allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public.（在美国，内部信息是“重要的非公开信息”。问题是，所有的信息在某种程度上都是非公开的）可知所有的消息在某种程度上都是“非公开的”，所以很难定义内部消息。以及第二段中心句Federallegislationdoesnotdefineinsideinformation…However,insideinformationcanneverbecompletelydefinedbecauseallinformationis,tovaryingdegrees,nonpublic.（联邦立法没有对内幕信息进行定义……然而，内幕信息永远无法被完全定义，因为所有的信息在不同程度上都是非公开的）可知第二段还是在强调内部信息是无法完全被定义的，因为所有的信息在不同程度上都是非公开的，则选A选项“‘内幕消息’很难定义”；B选项“所有信息在某种程度上是非公开的，因此是‘内部的’”和第一二段的逻辑关系不符，B选项主要强调信息在某种程度上非公开导致是“内部消息”，但是一二段强调信息在某种程度上非公开导致“内部消息”无法被定义，B选项排除；C选项“会计知识的GAAP也可以是‘内部信息’”是第二段的片面内容，D选项“所有信息对某些投资者来说是重要的，但对其他投资者来说是无关的或已知的”是第一段的片面内容，C选项和D选项都是以偏概全，排除。因此A选项正确。

5.填空题

HowMarketersTargetKids

[A]Kidsrepresentanimportantdemographictomarketersbecausetheyhavetheirownpurchasingpower,theyinfluencetheirparents'buyingdecisionsandtheyaretheadultconsumersofthefuture.Industryspendingonadvertisingtochildrenhasexplodedinthepastdecade,increasingfromamere$100millionin1990tomorethan$2billionin2000.

[B]Parentstodayarewillingtobuymorefortheirkidsbecausetrendssuchassmallerfamilysize,dualincomesandpostponingchildrenuntillaterinlifemeanthatfamilieshavemoredisposableincome.Aswell,guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.Herearesomeofthestrategiesmarketersemploytotargetkids:

PesterPower

[C]Today’skidshavemoreautonomyanddecision-makingpowerwithinthefamilythaninpreviousgenerations,soitfollowsthatkidsarevocalaboutwhattheywanttheirparentstobuy."Pesterpower"referstochildren’sabilitytonagtheirparentsintopurchasingitemstheymaynototherwisebuy.Marketingtochildrenisallaboutcreatingpesterpower,becauseadvertisersknowwhatapowerfulforceitcanbe.

[D]Accordingtothe2001marketingindustrybookKidfluence,pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging（apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain）isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".Thislattermethodappealstoparents'desiretoprovidethebestfortheirchildren,andplaysonanyguilttheymayhaveaboutnothavingenoughtimefortheirkids.

TheMarriageofpsychologyandMarketing

[E]Toeffectivelymarkettochildren,advertisersneedtoknowwhatmakeskidstick.Withthehelpofwell-paidresearchersandpsychologists,advertisersnowhaveaccesstoin-depthknowledgeaboutchildren’sdevelopmental,emotionalandsocialneedsatdifferentages.Usingresearchthatanalyzeschildren’sbehavior,fantasylives,artwork,eventheirdreams,companiesareabletocraftsophisticatedmarketingstrategiestoreachyoungpeople.

[F]Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.TheAPAiscurrentlystudyingtheissue.

BuildingBrandNameLoyalty.

[G]CanadianauthorNaomiKleintracksthebirthof"brand"marketinginher2000bookNoLogo.AccordingtoKlein,themid-1980ssawthebirthofanewkindofcorporation—Nike,CalvinKlein,TommyHilfiger,tonameafew—whichchangedtheirprimarycorporatefocusfromproducingproductstocreatinganimagefortheirbrandname.Bymovingtheirmanufacturingoperationstocountrieswithcheaplabor,theyfreedupmoneytocreatetheirpowerfulmarketingmessages.Ithasbeenatremendouslyprofitableformula,andhasledtothecreationofsomeofthemostwealthyandpowerfulmulti-nationalcorporationstheworldhasseen.

[H]Marketersplanttheseedsofbrandrecognitioninveryyoungchildren,inthehopesthattheseedswillgrowintolifetimerelationships.AccordingtotheCenterforaNewAmericanDream,babiesasyoungassixmonthsofagecanformmentalimagesofcorporatelogosandmascots.Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo,andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.Whilefastfoodtoyandclothingcompanieshavebeencultivatingbrandrecognitioninchildrenforyears,adult-orientedbusinessessuchasbanksandautomakersarenowgettinginontheact.

BuzzorStreetMarketing

[T]Thechallengeformarketersistocutthroughtheintenseadvertisingclutter（杂乱）inyoungpeople'slives.Manycompaniesareusing"buzzmarketing"anewtwistonthetried-and-true"wordofmouth"method.TheideaistofindthecoolestkidsinacommunityandhavethemuseorwearyourproductinordertocreateabuzzarounditBuzzor"streetmarketing’’，asit'salsocalled,canhelpacompanytosuccessfullyconnectwiththeelusive（难找的）teenmarketbyusingtrendsetterstogivethemproducts"cool"status.

[J]Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.

CommercializationinEducation

[K]Schoolusedtobeaplacewherechildrenwereprotectedfromtheadvertisingandconsumermessagesthatpermeatedtheirworld—butnotanymore.Budgetshortfallsareforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.

[L]Corporationsrealizethepoweroftheschoolenvironmentforpromotingtheirnameandproducts.Aschoolsettingdeliversacaptiveyouthaudienceandimpliestheendorsementofteachersandtheeducationalsystem.Marketersareeagerlyexploitingthismediuminanumberofways,including:1）sponsorededucationalmaterials;2）supplyingschoolswithtechnologyinexchangeforhighcompanyvisibility;3）advertising,postedinclassrooms,schoolbuses,oncomputersinexchangeforfunds;4）contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;5）sponsoringschoolevents.

TheInternet

[M]TheInternetisanextremelydesirablemediumformarketerswantingtotargetchildren.It’spartofyouthculture.ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.Kidsareoftenonlinealone,withoutparentalsupervision.Unlikebroadcastingmedia,whichhavecodesregardingadvertisingtokids,theInternetisunregulated.Sophisticatedtechnologiesmakeiteasytocollectinformationfromyoungpeopleformarketingresearch,andtotargetindividualchildrenwithpersonalizedadvertising.

MarketingAdultEntertainmenttoKids

[N]Childrenareoftenawareofandwanttoseeentertainmentmeantforolderaudiencesbecauseitisactivelymarketedtothem.Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission（FTC.revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

[O]TheFTCstudied44filmsrated“Restricted”，anddiscoveredthat80percentweretargetedtochildrenunder17.MarketingplansincludedTVcommercialsrunduringhourswhenyoungviewersweremostlikelytobewatching.TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.Matureandteenratedvideogamesareadvertisedinyouthmagazines:andtoysbasedon“Restricted”moviesandM-ratedvideogamesaremarketedtochildrenasyoungasfour.

1.Guiltcanaffectparents’spendingdecisionsbecausetheydon’thaveenoughtimefortheirkids.

2.TheCenterforaNewAmericanDreampointedoutthatbrandloyaltiescouldbeformedasearlyasagetwo.

3.Schoolboardsallowcorporationstoaccesstostudentsbecausetheyneedmoneyandeducationalmaterialsbadly.

4.TheFTCreporthighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.

5.Forthisgenerationofyoungpeople,theInternetisadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.

6.AccordingtoKidfluence,“persistencenagging"islesseffectivethanthemoresophisticated“importancenagging”.

7.AccordingtoareportreleasedbytheU.SFederalTradeCommission,themovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesusuallymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

8.Buzzmarketingiswell-suitedtotheInternetbecausetheinteractiveenvironmentcanspreadmessageseffectively.

9.AgroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsthinkthatitisunethicaltousechildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkids.

10.AccordingtothePizzaHutreadingincentivesprogram,childrenwillreceivecertificatesforfleepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal.

【答案】1.B

2.H

3.K

4.O

5.M

6.D

7.N

8.J

9.F

10.L

【解析】1.题干句意：内疚会影响父母的消费决定，因为他们没有足够的时间照顾孩子。题干中的guilt以及decision定位到B段，并且题干是对“guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.当时间紧张的父母用物质产品来替代和孩子在一起的时间时，负罪感会在消费决定中扮演一个角色。”的同义改写。

2.由题干关键词theCenterforaNewAmericanDream,brandloyalties和agetwo。定位到［H］段。该段第三句Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo.andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.品牌忠诚可以在两岁的时候就建立起来。到孩子们上学的时候，大多数人都能认出几百个商标。与题干意思一致。

3.关键词schoolboards出现在［K］段。该段第二句Budgetshortfallsareforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.预算短缺迫使学校董事会允许企业接触学生，以换取急需的现金、电脑和教育材料。与题干意思一致。

4.关键词FTCreport和highlightedthefactthattoysbasedon出现在[O]段。该段第三句TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.联邦贸易委员会的报告还强调了这样一个事实，即以成人娱乐作品中的人物为原型的玩具通常是面向儿童销售的。与题干意思一致。

5.关键词hisgenerationofyoungpeople和Internet，相关内容出现在［M］段，该段第三句ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.互联网伴随着这一代年轻人长大，互联网是他们日常生活的一部分。与题干意思一致。

6.题干的关键词persistencenagging，effective和importancenagging出现在［D］段，pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging(apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain)isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".纠缠或唠叨可以分为两类——“坚持”和“重要性”。坚持不懈的唠叨(一遍又一遍重复的请求)不如更老练的“重要性的唠叨”有效。与题干意思一致。

7.题干信息出现在[N]段第二句“Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission(FTC.revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.在2000年发布的一份报告中，美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)披露了电影、音乐和电子游戏行业是如何向儿童推销暴力娱乐产品的。”与题干信息一致。

8.题干信息出现在[J]段Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.口碑营销特别适合于互联网，年轻的“网络推手”利用聊天室和博客向毫无戒心的用户传播有关音乐、服装和其他产品的信息。与题干信息一致。

9.题干信息出现在F段Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.1999年，一群美国心理健康专家给美国心理协会(APA)写了一封公开信，敦促他们宣布这种行为是不道德的。与题干信息一致。

10.题干信息出现在L段：contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;竞赛和奖励计划:例如必胜客阅读奖励计划，如果孩子达到每月阅读目标，就可以获得免费披萨的证书。

6.单选题

Iwastaken___whenIsawhimbecausehehadlostallhishair.

问题1选项

A.aback

B.aside

C.about

D.apart

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项betakenaback“吃惊；大为震惊”；B选项takeaside“把……叫到一旁”；C选项takeabout“领……游览……；带某人出入娱乐场所”；D选项takeapart“拆开；剖析；粗暴对待”。句意：当我看到他的时候，我很___，因为他的头发全都掉光了。本句表达“看到他头发掉光我很震惊”的意思，因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames,phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had,30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstonofinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplants.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn'twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential.”ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.

1.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy（

）.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif

（

）.

4.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause

（

）.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI

B.ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles

C.hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS

D.ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping

问题2选项

A.thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation

B.moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses

C.legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection

D.lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers'buyinghabits

问题3选项

A.youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber

B.youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod

C.youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline

D.youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory

问题4选项

A.itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw

B.ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic

C.itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation

D.it