考研考博-英语-上海出版印刷高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海出版印刷高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-limeandthenatureofblackholes.At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievementjobs,researchpapers,awardswasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversusrightbrain,ornatureversusnurture,1wouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.

Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.

TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmanyofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.StillIdon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.

1.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomenscientistagain?

2.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto（）.

3.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch?

4.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?

5.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?

问题1选项

A.Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields

B.Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.

C.Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.

D.Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.

问题2选项

A.theveryfactthatsheisawoman

B.herinvolvementingenderpolitics

C.herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicist

D.theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety

问题3选项

A.Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience

B.Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle

C.People’sstereotypedattitudetowardsfemalescientists

D.Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurture

问题4选项

A.Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues

B.Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.

C.Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents

D.Morefemalesstudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore

问题5选项

A.Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.

B.Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.

C.Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.

D.Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段“ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievementjobs,researchpapers,awardswasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics.”但当我在麻省理工学院获得博士学位，然后作为一名从事太空研究的博士后时，这个问题开始困扰我。我的每一项成就——工作、研究论文、奖项——都是通过性别政治的视角来看待的。由此可知，作者受够了性别歧视的问题。选项B符合原文。

2.推理判断题。根据第一段“Myeveryachievementjobs,researchpapers,awardswasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics.Soweremyfailures.”我的每一项成就——工作、研究论文、奖项——都是通过性别政治的视角来看待的，包括我的失败也是如此。也就是说，人们将作者的失败归咎于她是女性这一事实。选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversusrightbrain,ornatureversusnurture,1wouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.”有时，当我被迫就左脑与右脑，或先天与后天进行辩论时，我会立即为我和所有女性的利益展开激烈的斗争。选项C符合原文。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者在纽约的一所女子学员进行研究和教学。最近，有人问我班上45个学生中有多少是女生。你无法想象我回答45个时有多满足。因为她们展现出45位热爱科学的女性形象，选项D符合原文。

5.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三句“Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.”相反，我让她们看到她们物理教授怀着孕还在做实验的一幕。作者是想让她的学生们知道：女性可以在科学事业和家庭之间取得平衡。选项C正确。

2.单选题

MurovyovkaNaturePark,aprivatenaturereserve,istheresultofthevisionanddeterminationofoneman,SergeiSmirenski.TheMoscowUniversityProfessorhasgainedthesupportofinternationalfundsaswellaslocalofficials,businessmenandCollectivefarms.

Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.TwoWisconsinfarmers,DonandEllenPadley,spentlastsummerpreparinglandinTanbovkadistrict,wheretheparkislocated，andtheywillreturnthissummertoplantit.

SpecialistsfromtheUniversityofUtahalsocametostudythelocalcattleindustry,lookingtodeveloppossibilitiesforbeefexportstoJapan.

Separately,10NewJerseyschoolteacherswillspendthesummerinthedistrictrunningsummercampsforthelocalchildrenthatwillstressfieldtripsandlecturesonthenaturearoundthem.

Theseprograms,particularlytheagriculturalproject,aregettingsomesupportfromtheUnitedStates,includingfundingfromtheMacArthurFoundation,theRockefellerBrothersFund,andtheUSAgencyforInternationalDevelopment.TheTrustforMutualUnderstandingandtheWeedierFoundationarealsosupportingtheInternationalCraneFoundation'sworkincreatingthepark.

TheWorldBankisfundingasmallprojecttostudythepossibilitiesforecotourismintheAinubasinregion.DeltaDreamVacations,aDeltaAirlinessubsidiary,islookingintoflightstoKhabarovskandVladivostokforecologytours,withsomeofthemoneygoingtosupportthezapovedniks(totallywildpreservesusedonlyforscientificresearch)intheregion.

ButthismoneyhasalsogeneratedajealousattemptbythelocalwildlifeservicetoblocktheMurovyovkaproject.

Theysaid,"Giveustheirmoney,andwe'lldoitbetter,"Smirenskisays.Theywenttothelocalcourttogetacourtordertohaltthecontract.Althoughtheyweresuccessfulatthatlevel,theAtomregionalgovernment,withencouragementfromMoscow,hasalreadymovedtoreversethedecisionasillegal.

"Idon'tpayattentiontothisnegativeside."Smirenskisayscharacteristicoptimisticfashion."Idecidedweshouldcontinuetocreate."

BeyondMurovyovka,thereareevenvastergrasslandsandwetlandsintheAmurbasinthatarevitalnestingareasforrarebirdssuchastheeasternwhitestork,andthered-crowned,white-napped;andhoodedcranes.Acomplexof100,000hectares,forexample,lieslargelyunprotectedinZhuravalini[literally"aplaceforcranes"]downstreamfromMurovyovkA.Creationofanationalpark,alongfortouristuse,hasbeenproposedforthisarea.

Akeypartoftheconservationstrategyistogainthesupportofregionalgovernmentsbygettingthemtoseethatsuchinternationallybackednatureprojectscanleadtobusinessandotherties,particularlytocountrieslikeJapanandChinA.Forexample,thecranesthatnestinRussiahavebeentrackedbysatellitetowinteringgroundsinIzumi,onJapan'ssouthernKyushuIslanD.Thislinkagehasprovedusefulbringingregionalofficialsfrombothcountriestogether.

Lastsummer,100JapaneseschoolchildrenfromtheTamaregionoutsideofTokyocametoKhabarovskontheAmentoexperiencethekindofuntouchednaturethathasdisappearedfromJapan.Aspartoftheexchange,theMayorofTamadonated26secondhandfiretruckstohiscounterpart.

"AfterthisthemayorofKhabarovsksaid,NowIwilllistentoyou,aboutyourbirdsandallyourproblems.'"RecountsSmirenski.Nowtheofficialsunderstandwhatcranesmeantothem."

1.Aprobablegoaloftheagriculturalprojectisto（）.

2.Summercampsintheareawill（）.

3.Projectsconnectedwiththedevelopmentofthenatureparkare（）.

4.Thezapovedniksappear（）.

5.ThepassageimpliesthatprojectslikeMurovyovka（）.

问题1选项

A.reducepollutioninreservefarmlands

B.induceUnitedNationscooperation

C.learnhowlocalfarmsareoperated

D.importnewbreedsoffarmanimals

问题2选项

A.bedesignedforforeignvisitors

B.beeducational

C.attractscientistsandecologists

D.housefieldlaborersandtheirfamiliesNormal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

问题3选项

A.selfsustaining

B.narrowinscopeandvision

C.attractingworld-wideattention

D.amassingscientificdata

问题4选项

A.eagertosupporttheNaturePark

B.opposedtooutsidefunding

C.enviousofthePark'ssuccess

D.tohavelegaljurisdictionofthearea

问题5选项

A.faceinsurmountablefinancialproblems

B.taketoomuchfromlocalresidents

C.increasetheneedforfireengines

D.canpromoteinternationalcooperation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词agriculturalproject定位到原文第二段“Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.”，中文翻译：由于他的努力，农业项目也在进行中，是为了建立一个试验性农场，教当地农民在不使用大量杀虫剂和化肥这一传统方法的情况下如何耕作。综合考虑，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词summercamps定位到原文“Separately,10NewJerseyschoolteacherswillspendthesummerinthedistrictrunningsummercampsforthelocalchildrenthatwillstressfieldtripsandlecturesonthenaturearoundthem.”，中文翻译：另外，10名新泽西学校的教师将在该地区为当地儿童举办夏令营，这些夏令营将强调实地考察和关于周围大自然的讲座。因此最佳答案为B选项。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位到原文“Theseprograms,particularlytheagriculturalproject,aregettingsomesupportfrom...”，中文翻译：“这些项目，特别是农业项目，正得到多方支持，如……”可以推断出答案选择C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词zapovedniks定位到原文“…withsomeofthemoneygoingtosupportthezapovedniks(totallywildpreservesusedonlyforscientificresearch)intheregion.”中文翻译为：部分资金将用于支持该地区的zapovedniks(仅用于科学研究的野生保护区)。以及文章中“ButthismoneyhasalsogeneratedajealousattemptbythelocalwildlifeservicetoblocktheMurovyovkaproject.”，中文翻译为：这笔钱也引起了当地野生动物机构的嫉妒，以阻止穆罗维约夫项目。可知，C项符合题目描述。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文“Akeypartoftheconservationstrategyistogainthesupportofregionalgovernmentsbygettingthemtoseethatsuchinternationallybackednatureprojectscanleadtobusinessandotherties,particularlytocountrieslikeJapanandChina.”，中文翻译为：保护战略的一个关键点是通过让地方政府认识到这种国际支持的自然项目能够建立商业和其他联系，特别是与日本和中国这样的国家建立联系，从而获得区域政府的支持。可知。D选项正确。

3.单选题

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaorthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhichbycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesortheso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,imitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilyhisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movetoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequireanideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement（

）.

问题1选项

A.fashionoperatesineverysociety

B.fashionisfoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

问题2选项

A.Fashion,asamovement,isstatic.

B.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinfashionmovements.

问题3选项

A.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

B.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

问题4选项

A.isaformofexpressivebehavior

B.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段“Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.时尚的运作需要一个阶级社会，因为就其本质而言，它既不发生在像原始群体那样的同质社会，也不发生在种姓社会。”可知时尚智慧发生在阶级社会。答案C

第2题:细节事实题。由第二段“Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movetoitsdoom.正是这一特点使时尚成为一种运动，并使一位作家评论说，一种时尚，一旦推出，就走向灭亡。”可知答案B

第3题:推理判断题。由第三段“Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.作为一场运动，时尚与我们所考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。”可知时尚运动与其他运动几乎没有相似之处。答案B

第4题:推理判断题。此题可用排除法由“itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavior...”可排除B项；由“Nomoraleisbuiltupamong...”可排除C项；由“Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.作为一场运动，时尚与我们所考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。”可排除D项。故答案A

4.翻译题

从亚洲及太平洋沿岸国家移民来的美国人在各个领域为美国做出了杰出的贡献。由于亚太裔移民的祖籍国家具有丰富多样的传统,他们来到美国以后、大大促进了美国文化的发展,提髙了全美国人民的生活水平。

美国高度评价亚太裔美国人的贡献。他们带来的勤奋精神促进了美国的经济发展,他们对自由的热爱振兴了美国民主自由的理想。他们的勇敢和毅力,生动地表明了人类对政治自由的一致渴望。

【答案】AsianAmericans,whoemigratefromAsianandPacificnations,haveachievedgreatcontributiontotheU.Sinvariousfields.DuetorichvarietyoftraditionalofAsianAmericans,theyhaveplayedasignificantroleinAmericanculturaldevelopmentaswellasAmericanlivinglevelpromotionaftertheirarrivals.

TheU.S.thinkshighlyofthecontributionsofAsianAmericans,forwhoadvanceeconomicdevelopmentbytheirhardworking;forwhorevivedemocracyandfreedombytheirloveforfreedom;forwholivelyclarifytheunitedlongforpoliticalfreedombytheircourageandperseverance.

5.单选题

V.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

IwishtotakeasmysubjectJusticeScalia’s1988TaftLecture,Originalism:TheLesserEvil.Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.

Inthe1980svariousleadingfiguresinconstitutionallawtookaimatthecontentionthattheConstitutionshouldbeinterpretedaccordingtotheoriginalintentionsofitsframers.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.

InhisTaftLecture,JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.Indeed,theobjectivetheorybywhichprivatecontractsarenormallyinterpretedassumestheavailabilityofsuchmeaning.Andtheverysameevidencethatshowsthefoundinggenerationrejectingrelianceontheintentionsoftheframersalsoshowstheirrelianceontheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetext.

Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection,however.Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.

RANDYE.BARNETT:“Scalia’sInfidelity:ACritiqueofFaint-HeartedOriginalism”

67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommentofJusticeScalia’s1988Lecturebytheauthor?

68.ThefollowingarecriticalcommentsofOriginalismexcept___.

69.ThecontributionofJusticeScaliatooriginalismisthathe___.

70.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat___.

问题1选项

A.Itisoneofthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticles.

B.Itcontributedtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualreviewoflegalscholarship.

C.Ithelpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.

D.Ithadanenormousinfluence.

问题2选项

A.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbyunanswerableobjections

B.itisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatetheintentionsofsomanyframers

C.peopleinthe20thcenturyshouldnotbeboundbythedeadhandofthepast

D.thefoundersoftheUSthemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent

问题3选项

A.obviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism

B.foundthatlanguagehadanaccessiblepublicmeaningwaswhatenabledinterpersonalcommunication

C.foundthatifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother

D.shiftedthepreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment

问题4选项

A.originalpublicmeaningdidanswerthe“deadhand”objection

B.judgeshavethedutytofollowthewillofthepeople

C.anewtheoryofpopularsovereigntywasdevelopedtoanswerthe“deadhand”objection

D.oneshouldnotbeboundbythepast

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】67.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“JusticeScalia”定位到原文第一段Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.（它是最常被引用的法律评论文章之一，与斯卡利亚大法官对《解释问题》的介绍一起，帮助塑造了目前关于正确解释宪法方法的辩论）可知C选项“它帮助形成了目前关于正确的宪法解释方法的辩论”和原文有出入，是斯卡利亚法官1988年演讲和斯卡利亚大法官对《解释问题》的介绍一起塑造了目前关于正确解释宪法方法的辩论，而不仅仅是斯卡利亚法官1988年演讲；以及A选项“这是最常被引用的法律评论文章之一”符合原文；第一段Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.（的确，史格里亚大法官关于原意论的讲座对法律学术的重新检阅与完善做出了贡献）可知B选项“它对法学界最引人注目的学术评论之一做出了贡献”正确；第一段Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.（这次演讲的出版版本产生了巨大的影响）可知D选项“它有巨大的影响”正确。因此C选项符合题意。

68.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Originalism”定位到第二段最后一句Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.（最后，原意论被抵制是因为当代的人们不应该被传统守旧的教条所束缚住）可知C选项“20世纪的人不应该被过去的死亡之手束缚”错误，无法判断原文中“当代的人们”是C选项中“20世纪的人”；第二段Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.（人们普遍认为，原创性被三个无可辩驳的反对意见彻底击败了）可知A选项“人们普遍认为，原创性被无可辩驳的反对意见彻底打败了”符合题意；第二段First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.（首先，原始论是不切实际的，因为它不可能发现和聚集众多制宪者持有的各种意图）可知B选项“这是不可能发现和聚集如此多的意图的制宪者”正确；第二段Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.（第二，原始主义实际上与创始一代的原始意图相悖，创始一代本身就拒绝了对原始意图的依赖）可知D选项“美国的缔造者自己拒绝了对最初意图的依赖”正确。因此C选项符合题意。

69.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.（斯卡利亚法官可能是第一个支持原意论的人，他将原意论从最初强调制宪人的原意转变到关注当时客观背景下公众的最初意图上来。这种从原始立宪者意图到原始公共意义的转变，消除了许多对原始主义的实际反对）可知斯卡利亚法官对原始主义的贡献在于他对原始主义的支持，消除了许多对原始主义的实际反对，选A选项“排除了许多对原始主义的实际反对”，同时可知D选项“将先前对宪法制定者意图的关注转移到宪法制定时文本的原始公共意义上”并不是斯卡利亚法官的主要贡献；第三段Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.（这种语言具有可接近的公共意义，这使人与人之间的沟通成为可能。如果语言没有超出说话者和作家主观意图的客观意义，我们就永远无法相互理解）可知B选项“发现语言具有可理解的公共意义是人际沟通的基础”和C选项“发现如果词语没有超出说话者和作家的主观意图的客观意义，我们将永远无法相互理解”并不是斯卡利亚法官对原始主义的贡献。因此A选项正确。

70.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.（大多数愿意论者强调人民主权的理论。他们认为，宪法是人民意愿的权威表达，法官有义务遵循）可知法律必须遵循人民的意志，选B选项“法官有义务遵循人民的意愿”；最后一段Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection（从最初的制宪者意图到最初的公共意义的转变对回答“死手”的反对作用不大）可知A选项“原来的公众意图回答了‘死手’的反对”错误；最后一段Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.（为什么要受过去的束缚？为此，斯卡利亚法官和其他原意论者不得不发展一种宪法合法性理论）可知C选项“一种新的人民主权理论被发展出来，以回答‘死手’的反对”错误，不是人民主权理论而是宪法合法性理论；结合上文提到的内容以及最后一段大意可知D选项“一个人不应该被过去所束缚”错误，斯卡利亚法官和其他原意论者认为一个人应该被过去所束缚。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Theparentsfeltverydelightedwhentheirdaughterdecidedto（）themoviesanddoherlessons.

问题1选项

A.forgive

B.forbid

C.forgo

D.foresee

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。forgo指放弃。句意：当他们的女儿决定放弃看电影而去上课时，父母感到非常高兴。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itconsumesalmostaquarterofthebody’stotalenergy.

B.Itcontinuestoburnupcaloriestohelpusstayinshape.

C.Itusesupmuchlessenergythanitdoesindeepthinking.

D.Itremainsinactivewithoutburningcaloriesnoticeably.

问题2选项

A.Energyusagedevotedtoactivelearningaccountsforabigpartofit.

B.Muchoftheconsumptionhasnothingtodowithconsciousactivities.

C.Asignificantamountofitisforperformingdifficultcognitivetasks.

D.Ithassomethingtodowiththedifficultyoftheactivitiesinquestion.

问题3选项

A.Itisconducivetorelievingmentalexhaustion.

B.Itisaprerequisiteforanymentalactivity.

C.Itisbelievedtoremainbasicallyconstant.

D.Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingTwo

In1994,theWorldChessChampionshipwascalledoffabruptly,duetothewitheredframeofaplayerwhoiscompetingforthetitle.Hewasn’taloneinexperiencingtheextremephysicaleffectsofthegame.Eliteplayerscanreportedlyburnuptoanabsurd6,000caloriesinoneday.Doesthatmeanthatthinkingharderisasimpleroutetolosingweight?Well,[19]whenthebodyisatrest，weknowthatthebrainusesupastartling20%to25%ofthebody’soverallenergy.Thislevelofutilizationactuallymakesthebrainthemostenergy-expensiveorganinthebody,andyetitmakesuponly2%ofthebody’sweightoverall.

Sothemoreweputthisorgantowork,themorecalorieswe’llburn?Technically,theanswerisyes,forcognitivelydifficulttasks.Whatcountsasa“difficult”mentaltaskvariesbetweenindividuals.Butgenerally,itcouldbedescribedassomethingthatthebraincannotsolveeasilyusingpreviouslylearnedroutines,ortasksthatchangetheconditionscontinuously.However,deepthinkingwillnotburnoffthecaloriesgainedfromeatingasugarysnack.Becauseinrelationtothebrain’shugeoverallenergyusage,whichisdevotedtoamultitudeoftasks,theenergyrequiredjusttothinkharderisactuallycomparativelytiny.[20]We’reunconsciousofmostofwhatusesupthebrain’senergy.Alotofthatactivityisunrelatedtoconsciousactivitieslikelearninghowtosingorplaytheguitar.Thebrainisabletoallocateblood(andthusenergy)toparticularregionsthatarebeingactiveatthatpoint.But[21]theoverallenergyavailabilityinthebrainisthoughttobeconstant.So,whiletheremightbesignificantincreasesinenergyuseatlocalizedregionsofthebrainwhenweperformdifficultcognitivetasks,whenitcomestothewholebrain’senergy