大学英语六级分类模拟题

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业大学英语六级分类模拟题318ReadingComprehensionWomenarehalfthepopulationbutonly15%ofboardmembersatbigAmericanfirms,and10%inEurope.Companiesthatfishinonlyhalfofthetalentpoolwillloseouttothosethatcasttheirnetmorewidely.Thereisalsoevidencethatmixedboardsmakebetterdecisions.

Mindfulofthis,Europeancountriesarepassinglawsthatwouldforcecompaniestopromotemorewomentotheexecutivesuite.AnewFrenchlawrequireslistedfirmstoreserve40%ofboardseatsforwomenby2017.NorwayandSpainhavesimilarlaws;Germanyisconsideringone.TheEuropeanParliamentdeclaredthismonththatsuchquotasshouldbeappliedthroughouttheEuropeanUnion.

Therearetwomainargumentsforcompulsoryquotas.Oneisthatthemenwhodominatecorporateboardsarehopelesslysexist:theypromotepeoplelikethemselvesandignoreanyfemaletalent.

Thesecondargumentismoresubtle.Talentedexecutivesneedmentors(导师)tohelpthemclimbtheladder.

Maledirectorsmentoryoungmenbutarereluctanttogetfriendlywithyoungwomen,lesttherelationshipbemisinterpreted.Quotaswillbreakthisviciouscyclebyputtinglotsofwomenatthetop,whocanthenoffertheirsistersalegup.

Theremaybesomethinginbotharguments,butinmostrichcountriessexismisnolongerthemainobstacletowomen'scareers.Childrenare.Mostwomentakecareerbreakstolookafterthem.Manycareforelderlyrelatives,too.Onestudyfoundthattwo-thirdsofAmericanwomenhadatsomepointswitchedfromfull-timeworktopart-timeorflexibletimetobalanceworkandfamily.Suchchoicesmakeitharderforwomentogaintheexperiencenecessarytomakeittotheverytop.

Whatismore,bigcompaniesareincreasinglyglobal.Manywantabosswhohasworkedinmorethanonecountry.Suchforeignpostingsdisruptfamilies;manywomenturnthemdown.Andmany,anticipatingacareerbreakatsomepointinthefuture,enterfieldswheretheirskillswillnotquicklybecomeoutdated,suchaslaworhumanresources.Somelawyersmakegoodchiefexecutives.Butfirmsoftenwantpeoplewithfinancialoroperationalexperienceforthetopjobs,andthesefieldsarestillmale-dominated.

Quotasaretoobluntatoolforsuchatangledproblem.Thewomencompaniesarecompelledtoputonboardsareunlikelytobeasusefulasthosetheyplacetherevoluntarily.Quotasforcefirmseithertopadtheirboardswithtokennon-executivedirectors,ortoallocaterealpoweronthebasisofsexratherthanmerit.

Enforcingquotasforwomenhasledtolargenumbersofinexperiencedwomenbeingappointedtoboards,andseriouslydamagedthosefirms'performance.1、Whatwillhappentoacompanyifmendominateitsexecutiveboard?

A.Itstalentpoolwilldryoutsooner.

B.Itscompetitivenesswillbeweakened.

C.Itswomenemployeeswillcomplain.

D.Itisboundtomakeunwisedecisions.2、Whatseemstopreventwomenfrombecomingboardmembersapartfromsexism?

A.Manyofthemlackthecouragetofacethechallengeintheboardroom.

B.Maledirectorsareafraidofwomen'spotentialthreattotheirauthority.

C.Fewofthemhavethetrainingandqualificationsneededforexecutiveduties.

D.Maledirectorsrefrainfromgivingthemguidancetoavoidmisunderstanding.3、Whatdoestheauthorsayistherealbarriertowomen'scareers?

A.Anapparentlackofnecessarylegislation.

B.Fiercecompetitionfrommalecolleagues.

C.Theburdenoftakingcareoftheirfamily.

D.Thewidespreadsexismintheworkplace.4、Whydomanywomenchoosetoentersuchfieldsaslaworhumanresources?

A.Theyallowwomencareerbreaksifneedbe.

B.Theycanbringawoman'stalentintofullplay.

C.Theyofferhighsalariesandattractivebenefits.

D．TheypavethewayforwomentobecomeCEOs.5、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofenforcingquotasforwomenexecutives?

A．Itisasimplesolutiontoatangledproblem.

B．Itisaneffectivetooltocombatsexism.

C．Ithelpsfilltheexecutiveboardwithtalents.

D．Itadverselyaffectsafirm'sperformance.Internationalgovernments'inactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbuttheproactive(主动出击的)approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesareencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.

DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%by2015.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.

CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegood-nessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealizationthattheenviron-mentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&Slaunchedits"PlanA"sustainabilityprogrammein2007,itwasbelievedthatitwouldcostover$200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated$105millionby2011/12.

Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesavemoney,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhuge"quickwin"opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.

However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepace.Therearefartoomanycompaniesstilldelayingcreatingaleanandgreenbusinesssystem,arguingthatitwillcostmoneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestment.Theyremainstuckinthe"environmentiscost"mentality.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.

Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenviron-mentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebig-gestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous.The3%ReportrecentlypublishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsintheUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordeliveringthisopportunityis"increasedefficiencythroughmanagementandbehaviouralchange"—inotherwords,leanandgreenmanagement.

Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.6、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?

A.Theyoperateinaccordancewithgovernmentpolicies.

B.Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.

C.Theyarekeydriversintheirnations'economicgrowth.

D.Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.7、WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?

A.Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.

B.Astrongsenseofresponsibility.

C.Thedesiretogenerateprofits.

D.Pressurefromenvironmentalists.8、Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?

A.Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.

B.Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.

C.Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.

D.Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.9、Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?

A.Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.

B．Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.

C．Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.

D．Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.10、Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?

A．Theyhavegreatlyenhancedtheirsenseofsocialresponsibility.

B．Theydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenues.

C．Theyhaveabandonedalltheout-datedequipmentandtechnology.

D．Theymakegreatercontributionstohumanprogressthantheirrivals.Ifyouaskedmetodescribetherisingphilosophyoftheday,I'dsayitisdata-ism.Wenowhavetheabilitytogatherhugeamountsofdata.Thisabilityseemstocarrywithitcertainculturalassumptions—thateverythingthatcanbemeasuredshouldbemeasured;thatdataisatransparentandreliablelensthatallowsustofilteroutemotionalismandideology;thatdatawillhelpusdoremark-ablethings—likeforetellthefuture.

Overthenextyear,I'mhopingtogetabettergriponsomeofthequestionsraisedbythedatarevolution:inwhatsituationsshouldwerelyonintuitivepatternrecognitionandinwhichsituationsshouldweignoreintuitionandfollowthedata?Whatkindsofeventsarepredictableusingstatisticalanalysisandwhatsortsofeventsarenot?

IconfessIenterthisinaskepticalframeofmindbelievingthatwetendtogetcarriedawayinourdesiretoreduceeverythingtothequantifiable.Butattheoutsetletmecelebratetwothingsdatadoesreallywell.

First,it'sreallygoodatexposingwhenourintuitiveviewofrealityiswrong.Forexample,nearlyeverypersonwhorunsforpoliticalofficehasanintuitivesensethattheycanpowerfullyinfluencetheiroddsofwinningtheelectioniftheycanjustraiseandspendmoremoney.Butthisislargelywrong.

Afterthe2006election,SeanTrendeconstructedagraphcomparingtheincumbent(在任者的)campaignspendingadvantageswiththeireventualmarginsofvictory.Therewasbarelyanyrelationshipbetweenmorespendingandabiggervictory.

Likewise,manyteachershaveanintuitivesensethatdifferentstudentshavedifferentlearningstyles:someareverbalandsomearevisual;somearelinear,someareholistic(整体的).Teachersimaginetheywillimproveoutcomesiftheytailortheirpresentationstoeachstudent.Butthere'snoevidencetosupportthiseither.

Second,datacanilluminatepatternsofbehaviorwehaven'tyetnoticed.Forexample,I'vealwaysassumedpeoplewhofrequentlyusewordslike"I","me",and"mine"areprobablymoreself-centeredthanpeoplewhodon't.ButasJamesPennebakeroftheUniversityofTexasnotesinhisbook,TheSecretLifeofPronouns,whenpeoplearefeelingconfident,theyarefocusedonthetaskathand,notonthemselves.High-status,confidentpeopleusefewer"I"words,notmore.

Ourbrainsoftendon'tnoticesubtleverbalpatterns,butPennebaker'scomputerscan.Youngerwritersusemorenegativeandpast-tensewordsthanolderwriterswhousemorepositiveandfuture-tensewords.

Insum,thedatarevolutionisgivinguswonderfulwaystounderstandthepresentandthepast.Willittransformourabilitytopredictandmakedecisionsaboutthefuture?We'llsee.11、Whatdodata-istsassumetheycando?

A.Transformpeople'sculturalidentity.

B.Changethewayfutureeventsunfold.

C.Getafirmgriponthemostimportantissues.

D.Eliminateemotionalandideologicalbias.12、Whatdopeoplerunningforpoliticalofficethinktheycando?

A.Usedataanalysistopredicttheelectionresults.

B.Wintheelectioniftheycanraiseenoughfunds.

C．Manipulatepublicopinionwithfavorabledata.

D．Increasethechancesofwinningbyfoulmeans.13、Whydomanyteachersfavortheideaoftailoringtheirpresentationstodifferentstudents?

A．Theythinkstudentspreferflexibleteachingmethods.

B．Theywillbeabletotrydifferentapproaches.

C．Theybelievestudents'learningstylesvary.

D．Theycanaccommodatestudentswithspecialneeds.14、WhatdoesJamesPennebakerrevealinTheSecretLifeofPronouns?

A．Theimportanceofusingpronounsproperly.

B．Repeateduseoffirst-personpronounsbyself-centeredpeople.

C．Frequentuseofpronounsandfuturetensebyyoungpeople.

D．Apatterninconfidentpeople'suseofpronouns.15、Whyistheauthorskepticalofthedatarevolution?

A．Datamaynotbeeasilyaccessible.

B．Errorsmayoccurwithlargedatasamples.

C．Datacannotalwaysdowhatweimagineitcan.

D．Somedatamayturnouttobeout-dated.Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereisalessconspicuouskindofsocialupheaval(剧变)underwaythatisfastalteringboththefaceoftheplanetandthewayhumanbeingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationofurbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld'spopulationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedenselytocome—withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.

AsKarenSeto,theleadauthorofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn'tjustaboutthemigrationofpeopleintourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggertoaccommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.

Humansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendis-placethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities—especiallyinthedensetropicalforests—carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereaswell.It'struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthecountrysideslashandbumforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfanning.Buttherealdifferenceisthatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoftenleadstoanaccompanyingincreaseinincome—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreaseintheconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegridiscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.

Theurbanizationwavecan'tbestopped—anditshouldn'tbe.ButSeto'spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization'simpactsontheenvironment."There'sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureandresponsibilitytothinkabouthowweurbanize,"saysSeto."Theonethingthat'sclearisthatwecan'tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleofthistransitionwon'tallowthat."We'reheadedtowardsanurbanplanetnomatterwhat,butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.16、Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople'sattentionto?

A.Theshakingbiodiversityworldwide.

B.Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.

C.Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.

D.Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.17、Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?

A.Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.

B.Theyareauniquespeciesborntoconquer.

C.Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.

D.Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.18、Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?

A.Morelandwillbepreservedforwildlife.

B.Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.

C.Carbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.

D.Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.19、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlivingcomfortablyinthecity?

A.Itincursahighenvironmentalprice.

B.Itbringspovertyandinsecuritytoanend.

C.Itcausesabigchangeinpeople'slifestyle.

D.Itnarrowsthegapbetweencityandcountry.20、WhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeimpactofurbanizationaccordingtoSeto?

A.Slowingdownthespeedoftransition.

B.Innovativeuseofadvancedtechnology.

C.Appropriatemanagementoftheprocess.

D.Enhancingpeople'ssenseofresponsibility.WhenHarvardstudentMarkZuckerberglaunchedtheface-book,corninFeb.2004,evenhecouldnotimaginetheforcesitwouldletloose.Hisintentwastoconnectcollegestudents.Face-book,whichiswhatthiswebsiterapidlyevolvedinto,endedupconnectingtheworld.

Tothechildrenofthisconnectedera,theworldisonegiantsocialnetwork.Theyarenotbound—aswerepreviousgenerationsofhumans—bywhattheyweretaught.Theyareonlylimitedbytheircuriosityandambition.Duringmychildhood,allknowledgewaslocal.Youlearnedevery-thingyouknewfromyourparents,teachers,preachersandfriends.

Withthehigh-qualityandtimelyinformationattheirfingertips,today'schildrenarerisingabovethefearsandbiasesoftheirparents.Adultsarealsoparticipatinginthisrevolution.India'snormallytamemiddleclassisspeakingupagainstsocialills.SiliconValleyexecutivesarebeingshamedintoaddingwomentotheirboards.Politicalleadersaremarshallingtheenergyofmillionsforelectionsandpoliticalcauses,AllofthisisbeingdonewithsocialmediatechnologiesthatFacebookanditscompetitorssetfree.

Asdoeseveryadvancingtechnology,socialmediahascreatedmanynewproblems.Itiscommonlyaddictiveandcreatesrisksforyoungerusers.SocialmediaisusedbyextremistsintheMiddleEastandelsewheretoseekandbrainwashrecruits.Anditexposesusandourfriendstodisagreeablespying,wemayleaveourlightsoninthehousewhenweareonvacation,butthroughsocialmediawetellcriminalsexactlywhereweare,whenweplantoreturnhome,andhowtoblackmail(敲诈)us.

Governmentsdon'tneedinformersanymore.Socialmediaallowsgovernmentagenciestospyontheirowncitizens.Werecordourthoughts,emotions,likesanddislikesonFacebook;weshareourpoliticalviews,socialpreferences,andplans.Wepostintimatephotographsofourselves.Nospyagencyorcriminalorganizationcouldactivelygatherthetypeofdatathatwevoluntarilypostforthem.

Themarketersarealsoseeingbigopportunities.Amazonistryingtopredictwhatwewillorder.Googleistryingtojudgeourneedsandwantsbasedonoursocial-mediaprofiles.Weneedtobeawareoftherisksandkeepworkingtoalleviatethedangers.

Regardlessofwhatsocialmediapeopleuse—onethingiscertain:weareinaperiodofacceleratingchange.Thenextdecadewillbeevenmoreamazingandunpredictablethanthelast.Justasnoonecouldpredictwhatwouldhappenwithsocialmediainthelastdecade,noonecanaccuratelypredictwherethistechnologywilltakeus.Iamoptimistic,however,thataconnectedhumanitywillfindawaytoupliftitself.21、WhatwasthepurposeofFacebookwhenitwasfirstcreated?

A.Tohelpstudentsconnectwiththeoutsideworld.

B.Tobringuniversitystudentsintoclosercontact.

C.Tohelpstudentslearntoliveinaconnectedera.

D.Tocombinetheworldintoanintegralwhole.22、Whatdifferencedoessocialmediamaketolearning?

A.Localknowledgeandglobalknowledgewillmerge.

B.Studentswillbecomemorecuriousandambitious.

C.Peopleareabletolearnwherevertheytravel.

D.Sourcesofinformationaregreatlyexpanded.23、Whatistheauthor'sgreatestconcernwithsocialmediatechnology?

A.Individualsandorganizationsmayuseitforevilpurposes.

B.Governmentwillfindithardtoprotectclassifiedinformation.

C.Peoplemaydisclosetheirfriends'informationunintentionally.

D.People'sattentionwillbeeasilydistractedfromtheirworkinhand.24、Whatdobusinessesusesocialmediafor?

A.Creatingagoodcorporateimage.

B.Anticipatingtheneedsofcustomers.

C.Conductinglarge-scalemarketsurveys.

D.Minimizingpossiblerisksanddangers.25、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocialmediaasawhole?

A.Itwillenablehumansocietytoadvanceatafasterpace.

B.Itwillposeagravethreattoourtraditionalwaysoflife.

C.Itisboundtobringaboutanotherinformationrevolution.

D.Itbreaksdownthefinalbarriersinhumancommunication.答案:ReadingComprehension1、B[解析]题目询问若执行董事会由男性主导会发生什么情况。第1段第2句表明，只使用半边人才库的公司必然会输给(loseout)广泛使用人才的企业。第3句进一步巩固这种说法，男女混合的董事会所做的决策更加英明。由此推断，男性主导执行董事会的公司的竞争力会相对弱一些。B项是同义表述。2、D[解析]题目询问阻止女性员工进入董事会的另一因素。第3段首句提到理由有两种，其一是性别歧视(sexism)，其二是第4段的内容，即男性主管不愿与年轻女性走得太近，唯恐别人误会他们的关系。这与D项“男性主管为了避免误会而不给她们提供指导”的表述一致。注意题干中的apartfrom意为“除了”。3、C[解析]题目询问作者认为阻止女性职业生涯的真正绊脚石是什么。第5段一开始便说性别歧视不再是女性职业生涯的主要绊脚石，孩子才是。第3、4句提到，大多数的女性选择离职来照顾孩子或长辈。可见家庭才是女性职业生涯的最大负担，选C项。4、A[解析]题目询问许多女性选择律师或人力资源行业的原因。第6段第4句提到，很多女性预料在未来的某个时候会从工作中抽出身来(acareerbreak)，因而选择技能不会迅速过时的领域，比如律师或人力资源。A项是这句话的同义表述，正确。5、D[解析]题目询问作者对定额制度的看法。作者在最后一段首先说这种做法太鲁莽(tooblunt)，最后一句则明确指出，实行女性定额制度严重损害了公司业绩。D项的adverselyaffects...performance与文章中的seriouslydamaged...performance意思完全一致，为正确答案。6、B[解析]本题询问一些走在前沿的公司的情况。第1段第1句提到在对待可持续发展的问题上，各国政府的行动并不积极(inaction)，而处于前沿地位的公司却主动出击(proactive)；第2句则举例说明，指出丰田、沃尔玛等公司将处理环境废弃物作为主要的经济驱动力。B项“它们主动处理环境废弃物”正确。其中takeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes是原文tacklingenvironmentalwastes的同义替换。7、C[解析]本题询问丰田和沃尔玛履行环境保护的动机。第3段第2句直接说明丰田和沃尔玛采取行动(即committingtoenvironmentalgoals)的原因是它们意识到环境和经济足迹相辅相成。据此可以推断这两大公司保护环境的初衷是经济利益，因此C项“创造利润的欲望”是对原文的同义推断。8、C[解析]本题询问很多公司不愿创立环境友好业务体系的原因。第5段第2句说到，仍有很多公司推迟创立精益绿色的业务体系，并以分词短语(arguingthat...)说明其原因：它们认为这种体系会费钱或者需要大量的资金投入。题目中的reluctantto对应原文的delaying；而精益绿色的业务体系指的是环境友好业务体系。C项“建立这样的系统太贵”是对原文所提及的原因(itwillcostmoneyorrequire...)的同义复述。9、A[解析]本题询问关于精益绿色业务模式的相关信息。第5段在讲述那些不愿践行环保行动的公司时，首次提及了leanandgreensystem；该段最后一句讲到，如果公司采取新的精益绿色模式进行管理，它们实际上在产生利润的同时也能节约成本。A项“它帮助企业节约成本并且获益”是对第5段最后一句的同义转述，且符合第6段首句对lean所作的定义“用更少的东西做更多的事情”。10、B[解析]本题询问关于履行环保目标的公司，研究发现了什么。最后一段第1句提到那些履行诸如零废弃等雄心目标的公司在经济上都胜过它们的对手(financiallyoutperformingtheircompetitors)。B项“它们在收益上比对手好很多”是对该句的同义转述，其中domuchbetterthan与原文的outperforming的同义，而counterparts是competitors的同义替换，revenues则跟financially相关。11、D[解析]本题询问数据主义者认为他们能做什么。第1段第1句，作者提到现在的流行哲学是数据主义，接着第2、3句具体说明在能够收集到大量数据的时代，数据被赋予某些文化假设。题目中assume与原文assumptions为同根词，答案可在破折号后面的内容中查找，其中提到的一种假设是数据能让我们过滤掉情感主义(emotionalism)和意识形态(ideology)，D项“消除感情上和意识形态上的偏见”是这句话的同义转换，选项中Eliminate与原文filterout近义。12、B[解析]本题询问竞选政治职务的人认为他们能干什么。第4段第1句提到。当人们对现实的直觉判断产生错误时，数据擅于揭露真相。第2句具体举例说明这一观点，该句提到竞选政治职务的人以为只要募集并花更多的钱就能影响竞选的结果，B项中的raiseenoughfunds和原文raiseandspendmoremoney意思相同。13、C[解析]本题询问为什么教师们赞同因材施教的观点。第6段第1、2句提到很多教师都意识到学生的学习风格不同，因此他们认为如果能因材施教，很可能会取得好的学习结果。由此可以判断，教师赞同该观点的原因在于学生的学习风格不同，C项“他们认为