威尔逊行政学之研究课件

第一讲行政学之研究TheStudyofAdministration——伍德罗·威尔逊WoodrowWilson第一讲行政学之研究——伍德罗·威尔逊I.AnintroductionofWoodrowWilson

ThomasWoodrowWilson(1856-1924):Thesonofapriest'sfamilyinVirginia.In1883,WilsonenteredJohnsHopkinsUniversity,andgethistoryandpoliticalsciencephd3yearslater.I.AnintroductionofWoodrow1.AScholarAcademicresearchinBrynMawrInstitute(1885-1888)andWesleyUniversity(1888-1890).LawandpoliticaleconomicsprofessorinPrincetonUniversity(1890-1910).PresidentofPrincetonUniversity(1902-1910)CongressionalGovernment:AStudyinAmericanPolitics(DoctoralDissertation)PrincetonintheNation'sServiceandintheServiceofAllNations.(Schoolrunningconcept)Turnthemanwhocanonlydohomeworkfoolishlytoamanwhocanthinkproblems.TheacademicdepartmentsystemandAcorerequirementsystem.1.AScholarPresidentofPrinc2.APoliticianThegovernorofNewJersey(1910-1912)ThepresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica(1912-1920).OneofthebigthreeinParispeaceconference(1918).CompressthepowerofWallStreetbankersStrengtheningthesystemofracialsegregationIsolationismandPacifismNationalself-determinationFourteenpointpeaceprinciple2.APoliticianThegovernorofII.Thestatusoftheessay1.Thebeginningstudyofpublicadministration.2.Analyzedthenecessityofresearchingonadministrativemanagementandbuildingthesubjectofadministrationdeeply.3.Introducedthenatureofadministrativeproblemandtheobjecttostudy,proposedtheresearchtasksandgoalsofthesubjects.4.Describedanumberofspecificissuessuchaspersonnelmanagement,administrativesupervision,administrativeethics,administrativedecentralization5.Filedthemethodandpathtostudyadministration.II.Thestatusoftheessay1.III.Thenecessitytostudyadministration1.Industrializationandmarketeconomymadeitmoreandmorecomplextomanagementthesociety.Corporationshadnobodiestobekickedandnosoulstobedamned.TheperennialdiscordsbetweenmasterandworkmenwhichnowsooftendisturbindustrialsocietybeganbeforetheBlackDeathandtheStatuteofLaborers;butneverbeforeourowndaydidtheyassumesuchominousproportionsastheywearnow.Inbrief,ifdifficultiesofgovernmentalactionaretobeseengatheringinothercenturies,theyaretobeseenculminatinginourown.III.ThenecessitytostudyadQuestionsAretherepublicadministrationinancientsociety?Ifthereare,howancientpeopletocarryoutpublicadministration?QuestionsAretherepublicadmi2.Contentandmethodsofadministrationhavealsochanged.Nowadays,Administrativetaskshavetobesostudiouslyandsystematicallyadjustedtocarefullytestedstandardsofpolicy.Thereisscarcelyasingledutyofgovernmentwhichwasoncesimplewhichisnotnowcomplex;governmentoncehadbutafewmasters;itnowhasscoresofmasters.Majoritiesformerlyonlyunderwentgovernment;theynowconductgovernment.Wheregovernmentoncemightfollowthewhimsofacourt,itmustnowfollowtheviewsofanation.thefunctionsofgovernmentareeverydaybecomingmorecomplexanddifficult,theyarealsovastlymultiplyinginnumber.2.ContentandmethodsofadmiQuestionswhatisthestandardthatdeterminewhichfunctionsthegovernmentshouldundertake?Isitbetterforthegovernmenttoundertakemorefunctionsorless?Questionswhatisthestandard3.ThereasonwhythereshouldbeascienceofadministrationToseektostraightenthepathsofgovernmentTomakeitsbusinesslessunbusinesslikeTostrengthenandpurifyitsorganizationTocrownitsdutieswithdutifulness.3.Thereasonwhythereshould4.TheproblemsinUSgovernmentGovernmentwithushasexpandedinnatureandgrowngreatinstature,buthasalsobecomeawkwardinmovement.Thevigorandincreaseofitslifehasbeenaltogetheroutofproportiontoitsskillinliving.Ithasgainedstrength,butithasnotacquireddeportment.4.TheproblemsinUSgovernmenIV.Thebasisofadministrativestudies

Whereadministrationhasbeenmoststudiedandmostnearlyperfected.FrederictheGreat,begantoorganizethepublicserviceofPrussiaasinveryearnesta1.AdministrationinPrussiaserviceofthepublic.Hisson,FredericWilliamIII,advancedtheworkstillfurther.

IV.Thebasisofadministrativ2.AdministrationinFrenchModernFrenchadministration,withitssymmetricaldivisionsofterritoryanditsorderlygradationsofoffice.Therevolutionheraldedaperiodofconstitutionaldevelopment.NapoleonsucceededthemonarchsofFrance,toexerciseapowerasunrestrictedastheyhadeverpossessed.2.AdministrationinFrenchMode2.AdministrationinUKTheEnglishrace,consequently,haslongandsuccessfullystudiedtheartofcurbingexecutivepowertotheconstantneglectoftheartofperfectingexecutivemethods.Ithasexerciseditselfmuchmoreincontrollingthaninenergizinggovernment.EnglishandAmericanpoliticalhistoryhasbeenahistory,notofadministrativedevelopment,butoflegislativeoversight,-notofprogressingovernmentalorganization,butofadvanceinlaw-makingandpoliticalcriticism.2.AdministrationinUKTheEnQuestionsWhatisthecoreissuesoftraditionalChinesepoliticalthought?WhydidChina'sauthoritariansystemcanbesustainedforsolong?DoesitsomethingrelationtothelackofadministrationstudyinChina?QuestionsWhatisthecoreissuV.TherelationshipbetweenpoliticalandpublicadministrationThefieldofadministrationisafieldofbusiness.Itisremovedfromthehurryandstrifeofpolitics.Administrativequestionsarenotpoliticalquestions.Althoughpoliticssetsthetasksforadministration.Politicsisstateactivityinthingsgreatanduniversal,whileadministration,ontheotherhand,istheactivityofthestateinindividualandsmallthings.Politicsisthusthespecialprovinceofthestatesman,administrationofthetechnicalofficial.Policydoesnothingwithouttheaidofadmi