考研英语历年真题及答案

SectionII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D|.Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.(10points)OnWednesdayafternoonsAnnietookthebusintotowntoshopinthemarket.Foranhouror—16—shewouldwalkupanddownbetweenthestallslookingateverything,buyinghereandthere,and_17_asharplookoutforthebargainsthatweresometimestobehad.Andthen,withallthethingssheneeded_18—shewouldleavethemarketforthestreetsofthetowntospendanotherhour_19_shelikedbest:lookinginfurnitureshopwindows.OneWednesdayshefoundanewshopfullofthemostdelightfulthings,withanoticeinvitinganyonetowalkinandlook_20_withoutfeelingtheyhadtobuysomething.Anniehesitatedforamomentbeforesteppingthroughthedoorwaywhere,almostatonce,shestopped_21_beforeagreenarmchair.Therewasacardonthechairwhichsaid:"Thisfinechairisyours—22—lessthanapoundaweek,"andverysmallatthebottom,uCashpriceeighty-ninepoundsfifty."Apoundaweek..._23_,shecouldalmostpaythatoutofherhousekeepingmoneyandnevermissit!Avoiceathershouldermadeher_24_.“CanIhelpyou,Madam?^^Shelookedroundattheassistantwhohadcomesoftlytoher_25_."Oh,well,no,“shesaid.wasjustlooking.""We'vechairsofallkindsintheshowroom.Ifyou'lljustcomeup,youwillfindsomethingtosuityou.”Annie,worriedatthethoughtofbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingshedidn'tneed,lefttheshophurriedly.[A]somoreelseanother[A]taking|B]making[C]fixing[D]keeping[A]buyboughtbuyingtohavebought[A]inawaybythewayinthewayontheway[AJbehind[B]roundbackon[A]doubtedwonderedpuzzleddelighted[A]atforwithin[A]Why|B]WhenHowWhat[A]jump[B]leap[C]laugh[D]wonder[A]place|B]backsidefrontSectionIII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)Text1Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople^generalists/*Andthese“generalists“areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople'swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“trained”man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist-andespeciallytheadministrator—dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated"man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareeraccordingly.Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou-butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.allroundpeopleintheirownfieldspeoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople'sworkgeneralistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessionalspecialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothersThespecialistis.amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople|B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefieldsamanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetreesamanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmattersTheadministratoris.a"trained"manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralistamanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforestamanwhoisverystronginthehumanitiesamanwhoisan“educaled“specialistDuringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant.[AJtotrytobeageneralist[B]tochooseaprofitablejob[CJtofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralistAman'sfirstjob.isnevertherightjobforhimshouldnotberegardedashisfinaljobshouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjobisprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljobTest2AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeand,untilrecenttimes,unknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,onfoot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanocean,coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,Asia,andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeandAustraliacombined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemostunobstructedwaterareasoftheworld—theAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theairovertheAntarcticisfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestintheworldandrendersunlivablethoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobeareinhabited.Thus,morethanamillionpersonslivewithin2,000milesoftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,Siberia,andScandinavia—aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulofweatherstations,withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,orsettlement.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe.IcelandLandofOpportunityTheUnknownContinentUtopiaatLastAtthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas.verylimitedvastfairlyrichnonexistentAntarcticaisborderedbythe.PacificOceanIndianOceanAtlanticOceanAllthreeTheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby.coldair|B|calmseasicelackofknowledgeaboutthecontinentAccordingtothisarticle.2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinentamillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPoleweatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemakesettlementsimpractical[D]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarcticaSectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclearideaofwhattheyaregoingtodoafterwards.(71)Ifoneconsiderstheenormousvarietyofcoursesoffered,itisnothardtoseehowdifficultitisforastudenttoselectthecoursemostsuitedtohisinterestsandabilities.(72)Ifastudentgoestouniversitytoacquireabroaderperspectiveoflife,toenlargehisideasandtolearntothinkforhimself,hewillundoubtedlybenefit.(73)Schoolsoftenhavetoorestrictinganatmosphere,withitstimetablesanddisciplines,toallowhimmuchtimeforindependentassessmentoftheworkheisaskedtodo.(74)Moststudentswould,Ibelieve,profitbyayearofsuchexplorationofdifferentacademicstudies,especiallythose“allrounders^^withnoparticularinterest.Theyshouldhavelongertimetodecideinwhatsubjecttheywanttotaketheirdegrees,sothatinlaterlife,theydonotlookbackandsay,“Ishouldliketohavebeenanarchaeologist.IfIhadn,ttakenadegreeinModemLanguages,Ishouldn'thaveendedupasaninterpreter,butit'stoolatenow.Icouldn'tgobackandbeginalloveragain.”Thereis,ofcourse,anothersidetothequestionofhowtomakethebestuseofone'stimeatuniversity.(76)Thisisthecaseofthestudentwhoexcelsinaparticularbranchoflearning.(77)HeisimmediatelyacceptedbytheUniversityofhischoice,andspendshisthreeorfouryearsbecomingaspecialist,emergingwithafirst-classHonourDegreeandverylittleknowledgeofwhattherestoftheworldisallabout.(78)Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.Onlyinthiswaycanwebesurethatwearenottohave,ontheonehand,abandofspecialistsignorantofanythingoutsideoftheirownsubject,andontheotherhand,aneverincreasingnumberofgraduatesqualifiedinsubjectsforwhichthereislittleornodemandintheworkingworld.1986年参考答案Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z[A] 17. [D] 18. [B] 19. |C] 20. [B][D] 22. [B] 23. [A] 24. [A] 25. [C]ReadingComprehension(10points)26. [B] 27. ID] 28. [C] 29. [DJ 30. [B]31. [C] 32. [A] 33. [D] 34. [A] 35. [C]SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points).如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。.如果•个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。.学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。.我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的“全面发展的学生”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。.当然，关于••个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间，还有另外一个方面。.某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。.他-毕业马上就被•所他自己选中的大学所接受，再花三、四年时间，以优异的成绩取得荣誉学位，成为一名专家，但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知。.因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers,readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestion.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Text1Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,“whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.Peopleexpectthat.theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicoptershelicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoingtheimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer'sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuture[DJtheirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftodayHelicoptersworkwiththeaidof.acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop|B]arotatingdevicetopsideonerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachendarotatingfanunderneathforliftingWhatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.[BJChinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.Theyareusedforrescuework.Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?Foroverseaspassengertransportation.Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.Forhigh-speedtransportation.Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.Text2InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes,expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythesun'srays.Iliscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames.weremerelynationalathleticfestivals[BJwereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolourhadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageouspositionwereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipantsIntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames.onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegamesallGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,wereallowedtotakepartallGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompeteinGamesallmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGamesTheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics.hasnotdefinitelybeenestablishedvariedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitorswasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheldwasconsideredunimportantModernathletesTresultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunnersbecausetheGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresultstheyaremuchbetterdetailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepasttheyaremuchworseNowadays,theathletes*expensesarepaidfor.outoftheprizemoneyofthewinnersoutofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnationsbytheathletesthemselvesbycontributionsText3Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain"sufferswithcivilization'severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamber,ahardyellowish-browngum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really"are."Electricity,"BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathing,likeSt.Paul'sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereistotell.MUntilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,forexample,whosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat'swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat'swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis.toexplainwhythingshappen[BJtoexplainhowthingshappentodescribeself-evidentprinciplestosupportAristotelianscienceWhatprinciplesmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears?thespeculationsofThalestheforcesofelectricity,magnetism,andgravityAristotle'snaturalscienceGalileo'sdiscoveriesBertrandRussell'snotionaboutelectricityis.disapprovedofbymostmodernscientistsinagreementwithAristotle'stheoryofself-evidentprinciplesinagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“how"thingshappen[D]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“why"thingshappen24.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea.[AJthattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse|B]thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces^really^arethatthereareself-evidentprinciplesthatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydoModernsciencecameintobeing.whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroducedwhenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappenwhenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingshappenwhenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofrealityofreasoningSectionIV:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and|D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)Chequeshave_36_replacedmoneyasameansofexchangefortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisveryconvenientforbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequitevaluelessinthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertain_37_whenheacceptsachequesandheisquite_38_hisrightsifonoccasion,herefusestodoso.Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled_39—.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge_40_ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.Afterexaminingseveraltrays,hedecidedtobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpaybyCheques.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquite_41_butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager'soffice.Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewithexactlythesamenamehadpresentedthemwithaworthlessChequenotlongago.Myfriendgotveryangrywhenheheardthisandsaidhewouldbuyanecklacesomewhereelse.Whenhegotuptogo,themanagertoldhimthatthepolicewouldarriveatanymomentandhehadbetterstay_42_thewantedtogetintoserioustrouble._43_,thepolicearrivedsoonafterwards.Theyapologizedtomyfriendforthe44_,butexplainedthatapersonwhohadusedthesamenameashiswasresponsibleforanumberofrecentrobberies.Thenthepoliceaskedmyfriendtocopyoutanotewhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.Thenote_45_:“Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe."Fortunately,myfriend'shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethiePs.Hewasnotonlyallowedtogowithoutfurtherdelay,buttotakethestringofpearlswithhim.[A]exactlyreallylargely[DJthoroughly[A]dangerchanceriskopportunity38.[A]within[B]beyond[C]without[D]outof39.[A]indifficulty[B]indoubtinearnestinquestion[A]amountstocknumberstore[A]inorderinneedinuseincommon[A]whetherIBJif[C]otherwise[D]unless[A]ReallySureenoughCertainly[DJHowever44.[A]treatment[B]manner[C]inconveniencebehaviour45.[A]read[BJtoldwroteinformedSectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)Havetherealwaysbeencities?(71)Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasmayseeminconceivabletous,butactuallycitiesarerelativelyrecentdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrend,however,isforsuchgroupstodisappear,whilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman'ssocialexistence.(72)Historically,citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.Anyhighdegreeofhumanendeavorandachievementhasbeencloselylinkedtolifeinanurbanenvironment.(73)Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.Tomostpeople,citieshavetraditionallybeentheareaswheretherewasaconcentrationofcultureaswellasofopportunity.(74)Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.WhathashappenedtothemodemAmericancity?Actually,theproblemisnotsuchanewone.Longbeforethiscenturystarted,therehadbegunatrendtowardtheconcentrationofthepooroftheAmericansocietyintothecities.Eachgreatwaveofimmigrationfromabroadandfromtheruralareasmadetheproblemworse.Duringthiscentury,therehasalsobeenthedevelopmentoflargesuburbanareassurroundingthecities,fortherichprefertoliveintheseareas.Withinthecities,sectionsmaybesharplydividedintohighandlowrentdistricts,the“rightsideoftown"andtheslums.Ofcourse,everyonewantstodosomethingaboutthisunhappysituation.Butthereisnoagreementastogoals.Neitheristhereanysystematicapproachorintegratedprogram.Opinionsareasdiverseasthepeoplewhogivethem.(75)Butonebasicdifferenceofopinionconcernsthequestionofwhetherornotthecityassuchistobepreserved.Perhapstransportationandthemeansofcommunicationhavereallymadeitpossiblefortheretobeanendtothebigcities.Ofcourse,thereistheproblemofpersuadingpeopletomoveoutofthemoftheirownfreewill.(76)Andthereisalsotheobjectionthatthecityhasalwaysbeenthecorefromwhichculturaladvancementhasradiated.Isthis,however,stillthecasetodayinthepresenceofeasytransportationandcommunication?Doescultureariseasaresultofpeoplelivingtogethercommunally,orisittootheresultofdecisionsmadeatthelevelofgovernmentandthecommunicationsindustry?Itisprobablytruetosaythatmostpeopleprefertopreservethecities.Somethinkthatthecitiescouldbecleaneduportotallyrebuilt.Thisiseasytosay;itwouldnotbesoeasytodo.(77)Tobesure,agreatrebuildingprojectwouldgivejobstomanyofthosepeoplewhoneedthem.Livingconditionscouldnothelpbutimprove,atleastforawhile.Butwouldtheproblemsreturnaftertherebuildingwascompleted?Nevertheless,withthemajorityofthepeoplelivinginurbanareas,theproblemofthecitiesmustbesolved.(78)Fromagreementonthisgeneralgoal,wehave,unfortunately,inthepastproceededtodisagreementonspecificgoals,andfromtheretototalinaction.Atthebasisofmuchofthisinactionisanold-fashionedconcept-theideahumanconditionswillnaturallytendtoregulatethemselvesforthegeneralgoal.1987年参考答案SectionII:ReadingComprehension(15points)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z11. [B] 12. [BJ 13. [D] 14. [A] 15. [D]16. [B] 17. [A] 18. [A] 19. [C] 20. [B]21. [B] 22. [C] 23. [C] 24. [B] 25. [A]SectionIV:CloseTest(10points)36. [C] 37. [C] 38. [A] 39. [D] 40. [B]41. [A] 42. [D] 43. [B] 44. [C] 45. [A]Chinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)Allthosewhoworkhardshouldbeencouraged.Wesincerelyhopethatyougiveusanearlyreply.Don'tfeeldiscouragedevenifyoushouldfailinpersuadinghim.Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasbeendrawnonthematter.WhenyouspeakEnglish,yourpronunciationshouldbecorrect.Otherwiseyoucan'tmakeyourselfunderstood.English-ChineseTranslation(20p