文化背景-完整版教学设计

Module6Unit1文化背景知识“Theartofmedicineconsistsofkeepingthepatientamusedwhilenaturehealsthedisease.”—VoltaireWhatarethehealthbenefitsofhumorandlaughter?Thesoundofroaringlaughterisfarmorecontagiousthananycough,sniffle,orsneeze.Humorandlaughtercancauseadominoeffect(多米诺效应)ofjoyandamusement,aswellassetoffanumberofpositivephysicaleffects.Agoodheartylaughcanhelp:·reducestress·lowerbloodpressure·elevatemood·boostimmunesystem·improvebrainfunctioning·protecttheheart·connectyoutoothers·fosterinstantrelaxation,and·makeyoufeelgoodLaughteractivatesthechemistryofthewilltoliveandincreasesourcapacitytofightdisease.Laughingrelaxesthebodyandreducesproblemsassociatedwithhighbloodpressure,strokes,arthritis(关节炎),andulcers（溃疡）.Someresearchsuggeststhatlaughtermayalsoreducetheriskofheartdisease.Laughterlowersbloodpressure.Peoplewholaughheartilyonaregularbasishavelowerstandingbloodpressurethantheaverageperson.Whenpeoplehaveagoodlaugh,initiallythebloodpressureincreases,butthenitdecreasestolevelsbelownormal.Breathingthenbecomesdeeperwhichsendsoxygenenrichedbloodandnutrientsthroughoutthebody.Humorchangesourbiochemicalstate.Laughterdecreasesstresshormonesandincreasesinfectionfightingantibodies.Itincreasesourattentiveness,heartrate,andpulse.Laughterprotectstheheart.Laughter,alongwithanactivesenseofhumor,mayhelpprotectyouagainstaheartattack,accordingtothestudyattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter(citedabove).Thestudy,whichisthefirsttoindicatethatlaughtermayhelppreventheartdisease,foundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewere40percentlesslikelytolaughinavarietyofsituationscomparedtopeopleofthesameagewithoutheartdisease.Laughtergivesourbodiesagoodworkout.Notonlydoeslaughtergiveyourmidsectionaworkout,itcanbenefitdigestionandabsorption（吸收）functioningaswell.Itisestimatedthatheartylaughtercanburncaloriesequivalenttoseveralminutesontherowingmachineortheexercisebike.Humorimprovesbrainfunctionandrelievesstress.Laughterstimulatesbothsidesofthebraintoenhancelearning.Iteasesmuscletensionandpsychologicalstress,whichkeepsthebrainalertandallowspeopletoretainmoreinformation.Whydoweneedhumortostayhealthyemotionally?Ahealthysenseofhumorisrelatedtobeingabletolaughatoneselfandone’slife.Laughingatoneselfcanbeawayofacceptingandrespectingoneself.Lackofasenseofhumorisdirectlyrelatedtolowerself-esteem.(Notethatlaughingatoneselfcanalsobeunhealthyifonelaughsasawayofselfdegradation.)Humorisessentialtomentalhealthforavarietyofreasons:·Humorenhancesourabilitytoaffiliateorconnectwithothers.·Humorhelpsusreplacedistressingemotionswithpleasurablefeelings.Youcannotfeelangry,depressed,anxious,guilty,orresentfulandexperiencehumoratthesametime.·Lackinghumorwillcauseone’sthoughtprocessestostagnateleadingtoincreaseddistress.·Humorchangesbehavior—whenweexperiencehumorwetalkmore,makemoreeyecontactwithothers,touchothers,etc.·Humorincreasesenergy,andwithincreasedenergywemayperformactivitiesthatwemightotherwiseavoid.·Finally,humorisgoodformentalhealthbecauseitmakesusfeelgood!Whatarethesocialbenefitsofhumorandlaughter?Ourwork,marriageandfamilyallneedhumor,celebrations,playandritual(例行仪式；例行习惯)asmuchasrecord-keepingandproblem-solving.Weshouldaskthequestions“Dowelaughtogether?”aswellas“Canwegetthroughthishardshiptogether?”Humorbindsustogether,lightensourburdensandhelpsuskeepthingsinperspective.Oneofthethingsthatsapsourenergyisthetime,focusandeffortweputintocopingwithlife’sproblemsincludingeachother’slimitations.Ourfamilies,ourfriendsandourneighborsarenotperfectandneitherareourmarriages,ourkidsorourin-laws.Whenwelaughtogether,itcanbindusclosertogetherinsteadofpullingusapart.Rememberthateveninthemostdifficultoftimes,alaugh,orevensimplyasmile,cangoalongwayinhelpingusfeelbetter·Laughteristheshortestdistancebetweentwopeople.·Humorunitesus,especiallywhenwelaughtogether.·Laughterheals.·Laughsandsmilesareenjoyedbestwhensharedwithothers.·Tolaughornottolaughisyourchoice.Howdowebringmorehumorandlaughterintoourlives?Whenweconsidertheinestimablebenefitsofhumor,wewanttobringasmuchlaughterintoourlivesaspossible.Butforthosewhogrewupinhumor-deprivedenvironments,wherefunwasdiscouragedorthoughtofasfrivolous,findingopportunitiestobellylaughatourselvesandwith(notat)othersmayberareandexperiencedasawkward.Fortunately,asindividualsweareprogrammedtolaugh.Thinkoftimeswhenotherswerelaughingaroundyou—andmaybeyoudidn’tevenknowwhy—butyoufoundyourselflaughinguncontrollablywiththem.Therearemanykindsofhumorandmanyopportunitiesfordevelopinghumor.Wecanlearntolaughmorefrequentlybyexpandingoursenseofhumorandusingitwithothers.Learningaboutthenatureandvarietyofhumorousexperiencehelpsusseethatourlivesaboundwithopportunitiesforfindinghumorandexercisinglaughter.“Theolderyouget,thetougheritistoloseweight,becausebythenyourbodyandyourfatarereallygoodfriends.”—BobHopeHowcanyoumakesurethatyourhumorwon’toffend?Becausewewantotherstofeelthatwearelaughingwithandnotatthem,herearesomesuggestionsforusinghumorsafelywithpeople.Usehumor:·Afteranotherpersonuseshumorwithyou.·Whenthesituationissocially“appropriate”—humoratapartywillbeexperienceddifferentlythanhumoratafuneral.·Aimedatyourself(asopposedtohumoraimedatanotherperson).·Topokefunatasituationratheratanotherpersonorgroupofpersons.Howcanyouexpandyoursenseofhumor?Asenseofhumorisdevelopedbyputtingtime,focusandenergyintoexperiencesthatmakeuslaughandfeelgood.Thetipsbelowcanhelpyouaddtoyourcapacityforlaughter.·Lookfortheeverydayhumor.Startlookingfortheabsurd,silly,incongruousactivitiesthatgoonaroundyoueachday.·Observeinfantsandy