新概念英语语法：动词的时态语态表解

PAGE6动词的时态语态1.时态时态用法例示一般现在时现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与usually,always,seldom,often,frequently,everyday等时间状语连用Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.Hesometimesstayuptillmidnighttocatchupwithothers.主语现在的特征，性格和状态Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.-doyousing?–alittle客观规律，正确事实或科学真理，格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在Allthelivingthingsontheearthdependonthesun.Ourteachertoldustheearthgoesroundthesun.在由连词if,unless,before,assoonas,when,once,however等引起的时间（条件，让步）状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。Evenifitrainstomorrow,thesportsmeetwilltakeplace.Howevermuchadviceyougivehim,hewilldoexactlywhathewants.安排，或计划要做的动作（有时间状语）限于begin,come,leave,go,arrive,open,start,stop,close,return等一类动词。Theplanetakesoffat5:00a.m.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,in1996,twoyearsago,lastmonth,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday等表示过去的时间状语连用。TheGreatWallcameintobeingin221BC.过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与everyday,often,sometimes等时间状语连用，usedto,would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。Would不接表示认识或状态的词，但usedto不受限制。WhenIwasinthefactory,Ioftenworkedintheworkshop.Weusedtogetupatfiveeverymorningwhenwereatschool.WewouldaskhimforadvicewhenwehadtroublewithourEnglish.HeusedtolikefootballwhenIwasatmiddleschool.过去发生的一系列动作Theprofessorputonefingerinhismouth,tastedit,andsmiledwithsatisfaction.在时间，条件，方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表过去将来时。Hesaidhewouldletusknowifhegotanynews.Hepromisedthathewouldbuysomecopiesforuswhenhewentthere.Ididn’tknowyouboughtthepresentforme.语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚刚，刚才，”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”一般将来时Shall/will+动词原形1单纯表将来2不用于条件句中3表必然的将来4表意愿，决心Hewillbethirtyyearsoldnextyear.Ifyouwillwaithere,themanagewillbeback10minslater.Begoingto1计划打算干2,客观迹象预示Lookattheclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.Ifyouaregoingtodoit,youhadbetterdoitwell.Beonthepointof/beaboutto不与时间状语连用，但可和when从句连用Beto1预定要做2表示命令，禁止应该3注定Wearetofinishtheworkbeforefivethisyear.Nooneistoleavethecinemawithoutthepolice’spolice’spermission瞬间动词的现在进行时表将来。Gostart,setout,leave,reach,arrive,return,come,move,takeoffTheyaremovingNanjingforGuangzhouonSunday.祈使句/短语+and/or+主语+willWorkhardandyou’llsucceedAbitmoreeffort,andyouwillsucceed.将来完成时表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或该时刻刚刚结束的动作Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.Ihopewe'llhavegottheinstructions(说明书)readybeforeyoucometomorrow.过去将来时Was/weregoingtoWas/weretoWasabouttoWas/were+现在分词Was/wereonthepointof现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作Look!Theboyisdozingoff.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定正在进行）HowareyougettingalongwithyourEnglishthesedays.表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用）Thechildrenarealwaysmakingtrouble.Sheisalwaysaskingthesamequestion.瞬间动词表将来过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用）瞬间动词表将来描写故事的背景Itwaswinter.Thenorthwindhasblowinghardandaheavysnowwasfalling.Apoorlittlegirlwaswalkinginthestreet.用在复合句中Hewasreadingwhilehiswifewascooking.Whilehewasdriving,hewasthinkingaboutthematter.不与时间状语连用，表示逐渐的发展Itwasgettingdarker.现在完成时对现在的影响或动作与状态的持续常与有介词for,during,inwithin,over引导的时间状语连用Wehavediscussedthetopic(for)thelast3weeks.Ihaven’tseenhimintherecentyears.表示反复或习惯性的动作，常与severaltimes,once,twice,等频度副词连用Ihavewatchedhimseveraltimes.HehasbeentoLondontwice.用在时间，条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。IwillgivemyopinionafterIhavereadthroughthebook.Wewillsetoutatonceiftherainhasstopped现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至将来。（强调进行的过程）Heisill.hehasbeenlyinginbedforthreeweeks.Sheisverytired.shehasbeentypinglettersallday.一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.过去完成时表示过去的过去；一直延续到过去某一点的动作或状态。Ireceivedaletterfromafriendyesterday.Wehadnotheardfromeachothersince1990表示原本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用此结构德动词有hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend等Wehadhopedtocatchthe9:30train,butwefailedto.Theyhadexpectedtogetwhattheyneeded,buttherewasnothingthere.用于nosooner…than;hardly…when的句型中Ihadnosoonerreturnedthanhecalled.时态比较过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般过去时表示动作的完成Marywrotealettertoherfriendlastnight.Marywaswritingalettertoherfriendlastnight.现在完成时强调结果或动作已完成现在完成进行时强调动作在继续Wehavediscussedthequestionwithhim.Wehavebeendiscussingthequestionwithhimallevening.固定句型BytheendofBytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned2000words.Bytheendofthisterm,wewillhavelearned…ItisthefirsttimeItwasthefirsttimeItishightimethatItisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedourschool.Itwasthefirsttimethatyouhadvisited…Itishightimethatyoucamehere.2．语态主动表被动及物动词作不及物用＋副词（hardly,easily,badly,nicely,well,smoothly）等时。常用动词有act,add,bend,close,lock,cut,begin,move,open,read,sell,teach,translate,wash,wear,write等，主语往往是物而不是人。Thepenwritewell.Woodburnseasily.Thecardrivessmoothly.Thecaselockseasily.形容词＋不定式结构中，不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时。要注意如果句中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时用主动语态，否则用被动。Thepictureispleasanttolookat.Ifoundhistheoryhardtounderstand.Ifoundmytheoryhardtobeunderstood.介词短语insight,onshow,onsale,underconstruction作表语或定语表被动。Thenewrailwayunderconstructionwillbecompletedsoon.Beworth,bemissing,inneedof,remaining,want/need/requirebetoblamebetoletTheteachingmethodisinneedofimproving.Thereisnoremainingmoneyhere.Thehouseistolet连系动词：表感觉的appear,feel,prove,taste,表变化的become,comefall,grow,turn,表依旧的continue,lie,remain,stay,standEinstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.某些动词以物做主语，进行时表被动eg.Print,cook,fry,hang,build,makeThedinneriscooking.Thebookisprinting.Thehouseisbuilding.被动表主动Burn,devote,dress,hide,seat,love,wear,tire+oneself+介词＝be+ed+介词Heseatshimselfonthebench.Affect,amuse,astonish,delight,disappoint,discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,inspire,move,strike,touch,upset,worry等用于sb+be+edsth+be+ing作定语ed+sbing+sthHewastoofrightenedtomove.不用被动语态Comeabout,occur,breakout,belongto,happen,succeed,fail,addupto,takeplace,comeintobeing,cost,setsailfor,takepartin,giveout,cometrue,loseheart,playapartin双重被动式常用的动词有wish,expect,advise,mean,believe,suppose,order,allowThebookisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.T