大学英语长篇阅读(下)1

大学英语

长篇阅读教程下册UnitlIGrewupWhenIWas74Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Mymotherdiedlastyear,aged107.AsIwas74atthattime,andasnooneisfullygrown-upuntilboththeirparentsaredead(sotheysay),Iprobablyremainedachildwellintooldage.Iwasa-bondedllchild.Abondingbetweenmotherandchildwasessentialforthewellbeingandhealthydevelopmentofthebaby,andshedeterminedthatwashowitwouldbebetweenus.Astrong,long-lastingattachmentbetweenababyandmother,father,carer,orwhoever,isthemostimportantfactorininfantdevelopment.SoIwascherished.Shehadtriedveryhardtobondwithmybrother,bomthreeyearsearlier,buthehaddemonstratedthathewasnanyofit.HewaspleasedwhenIarrived,therefore,asitmeantthatthespotlightofattentionmovedfromhimtome.Iwasthebondingtype.Mymummywasthebestmummyintheworld.Nooneunderstoodmelikemymummy,andmostimportantlynoonetalkedtomelikemymummy.Becausetalkshedid.Allaboutherchildhood,hermother,herfather,herbrothersandsisters,andtheFirstWorldWar.ShewasMummy.Wehadthewar,wehadHitler—butIwasalwaysgoingtobesafebecauseIhadMummy;IwasseriouslyillbutIgotbetterbecauseIhadMummy;wehadthe1947snowandiceforthreemonthsbutitwasfinebecause,whenIgothome,IhadMummyandsheputmywoolenglovesandsocksontopoftheboilertodry.Inthesummerwehadaheatwaveandshemadejugsoflemonade.Butweallgrewupandourperceptionsaltered.TheadultIbecamefoundMothermuchlessperfectthanthechildhaddone.Irealizedthatsomeofheropinionswereracist,someweresnobbish—allwereill-thoughtout.Shewasalsoanuisance—interferinginmylife,worryingaboutmywelfarecontinuallyandwantingtoknoweverylastdetailofmyexistencesothatshecouldworryaboutmefurther.Shetelephonedmedaily,wemetforshoppingtripsinvolvinglengthy,conversationallunches—andeverytimewechatIletslippersonalinformationIhadintendedtokeeptomyself.Whywasthis?Ihadnoidea.Ionlyknewthatthehabitof-tellingMummyeverything||and-alwaystellingMummythetruth||wasonewasunabletobreak.Ihadgivenheranotherropetoreelmebackinwith.Anotherropewithwhichshecouldbondme.HowcouldIleadanindependentlifeifMotherwasalwayspartofit?Shecriticizedmychoiceoffriends,myhairstyle,andmyclothes—and,ofcourse,anymenIassociatedwithwerealwaysunsuitable.Weargued.Shetoldmeshewantedmetobehappy.Itoldhershewaspossessive.Shesaidshedidn'thaveadaughteranymore.Isaidshewasbeingmelodramatic.Shecried.Itoldhertoshutup.ShetoldmeIhadturnedintoahorribleperson.Icried.Isaidsorry.Shesaidsorry.Soitwenton.Yearafteryear.Imarried,Ibecameatelevisionproducer,andIranacareer.Iretired.Igotdivorced.(-tloldyouhewasn'stuitable•••||)marriedforthesecondtimeattheageof68.(supeIVhsdtecfeafteryou•••II)Iwasamaturewoman.InconfidenceandexperienceIhadoutstrippedher.ButIremained-bondedIIjokedaboutit.-Itfinsebeingabondedchild—butwhenyouareover60andstillbondedtoyourmotheryouwonderwhat'gsoingon.ButIcouldntety,-Listen,Mother,Idon'tagreewithyouoversomanythings;youmaythinkweseeeyetoeye,but,frankly,wedon 't.IamnotwhoyouthinkIam.IammeandIdon'twanttobelikeyou.IIWhenshereached100shebegantov\oyraboutmeagain.-YouwillbeonyourownwhenIdie.Whenyou'reold,who1sgoingtocareforyou?Youwon*haveadaughtertolookafteryou.P/Vell,good,I||said.-ThatmeansnokEnugfemgfemalechildwillhavetoputupwithmydeafness,mydemands,myirritabilityandthegeneralstrainIIimposedbytheelderlyontheiryoung.IIButIwonderedhowIwouldfeelwhenshediddie.Shemadeitclearthatitwasnofunbeingablind,partiallydeafcentenarian.-IkeephopingthatwhenIwakeuptherewon'tbeanyme,IIwashowsheputit.Atherageandwithherhealthproblems,shewasinthe-deathzonellVVhenithappened,howwouldIsortmyfeelingsout?Theaffection,thedisagreements.theanger—allmixedupthroughthelengthoftimewehadbeentogetherandstirredintotheconversationsandtheconfidenceswehadshared.HowwouldIbeabletogrieve?Ididknowthatherbrainandherheartwerefailing.IalsoknewIcouldnotlivewithherandlookafterher.Sheknewthattoo.Uncomplainingly,shewentintoacarehome.Imadeupmymindthatitwastimemybondswerebroken;timeformetodistancemyselffromher.Iaskedhertorepeatsomeofthestoriesshehadtoldmeabouthergirlhood.Dementiamadeitdifficult.Shesaid:-Mypoormother—shehadthatterriblethingthatcamedownandchoppedherheadoffandshedied.Itwasdifficultforhertomanageafterthat.Butthemorewetalked,thecloserIcametounderstanding.Shewasaproductofherupbringing—asanEdwardianchild—andherconditioning,asasuburbanmotherandhousewifeinthe1940sand50s.IsawthattheopinionsIobjectedtowereskin-deep—bornofherbackground.Isawheraschild,wifeandmotherandrealizedheridentitywasrootedinthese.At106shestartedhavingfalls.Herbalancehadgone.Theytookhertohospitalwhereshelingeredhorriblybecauseatfirsttheytriedtokeepheralive.Whenfinallytheyagreedtosimplehydration,Iheldherhandinherlasthoursand,justforamoment,Ilickedthebackofit,kitten-like—asIhaddoneasachildforajoke.Shehalf-smiled.Thenextmorningshedied.AndIwept.ButIhadcometoterms.IgrievedandIforgave,andIfinallyrealizedwhattheconfusionofemotionswasthatwehadfeltforeachotherover74years.Theresentment,thelaughter,theanger,theaffection,theattachmen4thebonding.That'slove,thatis.(1144words)Mybrother,threeyearolderthanme,didntliketobecherishedandbondedbymother.MymotherwasworriedthatifshediesnobodywouldlookaftermesinceIdidnthaveadaughter.Iwasntabletobreakthehabitofalwaystellingmymotherthetruth.Mymotherwentintoacarehomeandthiswasthetimetobreakthebondswithher.Astrongbondingrelationshipbetweenchildandmotheriscriticaltothehealthygrowthofthebaby.Irealizedthattheconfusionofemotionsthatbothofusheldforeachotherwaslove.IcametounderstandingmymotherbetterafterIknewmoreaboutherchildhoodandhersituationlaterasasuburbanmotherandhousewife.IremainedbondedllyvithmymothereventhoughIthoughtIhadmoreconfidenceandexperience.WhenIgrewup,Ididntwanttobebondedanymore,butmymotherkeptinterferinginmylife.Mymothersufferedfrombeingblindandpartiallydeafwhenshewasover100.Unit2EffectsofExerciseonPeoplewithChronicDiseasesDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.RandiconsiderstheY.M.C.A.herlifeline,especiallythepool.Randiweighsmorethan300poundsandhasborderlinediabetes,butshecontrolsherbloodsugarandkeepsherbrightoutlookonlifebyswimmingeverydayforabout45minutes.Randiovercameanyself-consciousnessaboutherweightforthesakeofherhealth,andthosewhoswimwithherandsharetheopenlockerroomareproudofher.Ifonlythemillionsofothersbesetwithchronichealthproblemsrecognizedtheinestimablevaluetotheirphysicalandemotionalwell-beingofregularphysicalexercise.-Thesinglethingthatcomesclosetoamagicbullet,intermsofitsstronganduniversalbenefits,isexercise,IIFrankHu,epidemiologistattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,saidintheHarvardMagazine.Ihavewrittenoftenabouttheprotectiverolesofexercise.Itcanlowertheriskofheartattack,stroke,hypertension,diabetes,obesity,depression,dementiaand12kindsofcancer.Butwhatifyoualreadyhaveoneoftheseconditions?Oranailmentlikerheumatoidarthritis,multiplesclerosis,Parkinsonfedisease,congestiveheartfailureorosteoarthritis?Howcanyouexerciseifyou'realwaystiredorinpainorhavetroublebreathing?Canexercisereallyhelp?Youbetitcan.MarilynMoffat,aprofessorofphysicaltherapyatNewYorkUniversityandco-authorwithCaroleB.Lewisof-Ag-eDefyingFitness||(Peachtree,2006),conductsworkshopsforphysicaltherapistsaroundthecountryandabroad,demonstratinghowpeoplewithchronichealthproblemscanimprovetheirhealthandqualityoflifebylearninghowtoexercisesafely.-Thedatashowthatregularmoderateexerciseincreasesyourabilitytobattletheeffectsofdisease, ||Dr.Moffatsaidinaninterview,apositiveeffectonbothphysicalandmentalwell-being.Thegoalistodoasmuchphysicalactivityasyourbodyletsyoudo,andrestwhenyouneedtorest.H)yearspast,doctorswereafraidtoletheartpatientsexercise.Whenmyfatherhadaheartattackin1968,hewaskeptsedentaryforsixweeks.-Now,heartattackpatientsareinbedbarelyhalfadaybeforetheyareupandmoving, ||Dr.Moffatsaid.Aprogressiveexerciseprogramistoincreasetheabilityofthehearttopumpoxygen-andnutrient-richbloodmoreeffectivelythroughoutthebody.Theoutcomeisbetterendurance,greaterabilitytoenjoylifeanddecreasedmortality.Thesamegoesforpatientswithcongestiveheartfailure.-Heartfailurepatientsasoldas91canincreasetheiroxygenconsumptionsignificantly,Dr.||Moffatsaid.Aerobicexerciselowersbloodpressureinpeoplewithhypertension,anditimprovesperipheralcirculationinpeoplewhodeveloplegpainswhentheywalk.Thetreatmentforit,infact,istowalkalittlefarthereachday.Inpeoplewhohavehadministrokes,-graduallyincreasingexerciseimprovesbloodflowtothebrainandmaydiminishtheriskofafull-blownstroke,Or.Moffatsaid.Andaerobicandstrengthexerciseshavebeenshowntoimproveendurance,walkingspeedandtheabilitytoperformtasksofdailylivinguptosixyearsafterastroke.AsRandiknows,moderateexercisecutstheriskofdevelopingdiabetes.Andforthosewithdiabetes,exerciseimprovesglucosetolerance—lessmedicationisneededtocontrolbloodsugar—andreducestheriskoflife-threateningcomplications.Perhapsthemostimmediatebenefitsarereapedbypeoplewithjointandneuromusculardisorders.Withoutexercise,thoseatriskofosteoarthritisbecomecrippledbystiff,deterioratedjoints.Butexercisethatincreasesstrengthandaerobiccapacitycanreducepain,depressionandanxietyandimprovefunction,balanceandqualityoflife.Likewiseforpeoplewithrheumatoidarthritis. -Thelesstheydo,theworsethingsget,||Dr.Moffatsaid.-Themoretheirjointsmove,thebetter.Exellcisethatbuildsgraduallyandprotectsinflamedjointscandiminishpain,fatigue,morningstiffness,depressionandanxiety,shesaid,andimprovestrength,walkingspeedandactivity.Exerciseiscrucialtoimprovingfunctionoftotalhiporkneereplacements.But-mostpatientswithkneereplacementsdon*(t|etintensiveenoughactivity,IIDr.Moffatsaid.Waterexercisesareparticularlyhelpfulforpeoplewithmultiplesclerosis,whomustavoidoverheating.AndforthosewithParkinsonresistancetrainingandaerobicexercisecanincreasetheirabilitytofunctionindependentlyandimprovetheirbalance,stridelength,walkingspeedandmood.Resistancetraining,alongwithaerobicexercise,isespeciallyhelpfulforpeoplewithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease;ithelpscounterthelossofmusclemassandstrengthfromlackofoxygen.IntheFebruary/MarchissueofACECertifiedNews,NatalieDigateMuth,aregistereddietitianandpersonaltrainer,emphasizedthevalueofagoodworkoutforpeoplesufferingfromdepression.Masteringanewskillincreasestheirsenseofworth,socialcontactimprovesmood,andtheendorphinsreleasedduringexerciseimprovewell-being.-Exerciseisanimportantadjuncttopharmacologicaltherapy,anditdoesnotmatterhowseverethedepression—exerciseworksequallywellforpeoplewithmoderateorseveredepression, ||wroteMs.MuwhoispursuingamedicaldegreeattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,ChapelHill.Healthypeoplemayhavedifficultyappreciatingtheburdensfacedbythosewithchronicailments,Dr.NanceyTrevanianTsainotedinthesameissueofACECertifiedNews.-Oftentimes.disease-riddenstatements-like?l*madiabeticbecbme-barriersthatkeepclientsfromseeingthemselvesgettingbetter,slliesaid,andmanyfeel-enslavedbytheirdiseasesandtreatments.Slitthefeel-goodhormonesreleasedthroughexercisecanhelpsustainactivity.-Withregularexercise,thebodyseekstocontinuestayingactive,IIwroteDr.Tsai,anassistantprofessorofneurosciencesattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolinainCharleston.Sherecommendedanexerciseprogramtailoredtotheperson 'scurrentabilities,dailyneeds,medicationschedule,sideeffectsandresponsetotreatment.Sheurgedtrainers,whoworkwithpeoplewithchronicailmentstostartslowlywitheasilyachievablegoals,buildgraduallyoneachaccomplishmentandfocusonfunctionalgains.Overtime,asenseofaccomplishment,bettersleep,lesspainandenhancedsatisfactionwithlifecanbecomefurtherreasonstopursuephysicalactivity.-Evenifexerciseistoughtoschedule,||Dr.Moffatsaid,-youfeelsomuchbetter,it 'stodoit.II(1036words)Graduallyincreasingexercisemaydiminishtheriskofafull-downstrokeinpeoplewhohavehadministrokes.Workshopshavebeenconductedtoshowthatexercisesafelycanhelpthosewithchronichealthproblems.Peoplewithmultiplesclerosismustavoidoverheating.Myfatherwasnotallowedtoexercisewhenhehadaheartattackin1968.havewrittenalotaboutthebenefitsofexercise,suchasloweringtheriskofheartattack,depressionandsoon.Thefeel-goodhormoneswillbereleasedthroughexercise,whichwillhelpsustainactivity.Randihasbecomeunconsciousofher300-poundweightandisnowquitepositivetowardslife.Forpeoplewithrheumatoidarthritis,themoretheirjointsmove,thebetter.Thetreatmentforpeoplewithlegpainsistowalkalittlefarthereachday.Ms.Muthbelievesthatexerciseworkswellforpeoplewithdepression,nomatterhowsevereitis.Unit3ContinuingEducationTargetthe3.4MillionJobsDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eventhoughnearly13millionAmericansarestilloutofwork,manyemployerscomplainthattheycannotfindtherightpeopletofillmanyjobopenings—forexample,specialistsinmedicalinformationtechnology.Alltold,thenationhrsployershave3.4millionjobopenings,accordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics—anumberofjobsthatiffilledcouldcuttheunemploymentrate,currently8.3percent,toaround6percent.Eversincethedeeprecessionhitfouryearsago,manycollegeshavebeenrethinkingtheircontinuingeducationprograms,tryingtofigureouthowbesttohelpthemanyunemployedAmericanswhohavelookedtothemasalifeline.Withtheunemploymentratestillstubbornlyhigh,thisrethinkinghasledtoapowerfultrendinwhichmanyschoolsaretryingharderthanevertotailortheircontinuing-educationofferingstowherethejobopeningsare—andwherethejobsoftomorrowwillbe.TheUniversityofCaliforniahasestablishedaprogramin-globalsustainability||thatincludescouronrenewableenergyandgreenmarketing.Withthenation 'sexportbooming,MiamiDadeCollegehasexpandeditsprogramtotrainpeopletobecomeprivatecustomsbrokers—facilitatorsofoverseasshipping.SeeinghowGoogle,FacebookandTwitterhaveexplodedinpopularity,NewYorkUniversityandRutgersUniversityhavesetupprogramsindigitalmarketing.-We'vbeeoomemuchmorefocused,muchmoreflexibleandmuchmoredrivenbywhatthedataistellingusonwherethejobsare,BobTemplin,presidentofNorthernVirginiaCommunityCollege.-We'reverymark-oertientednow,whereasbeforewewouldofferthecoursesthatpeoplewereinterestedinteachingandwe'dseewhowouldshowup.Inthelast24months,we 'vethoroughlyreorganizedourcontinuing-educationunit,andwenowrefertoitas?WorkForceDevelopmentinContinuingEducationSensitivetoemployers'needs,NorthernVirginiaCommunityCollegehasbegunofferingcontinuing-educationprogramsincybersecuritytohelpprotectcomputernetworks,telephonesystemsandthepowergrid.Andwithsatelliteandcomputerdataevermoreplentiful,theschoolhasexpandeditscoursesingeospatialinformationsystems,whichcanhelpfederalagentstrackterroristsoralerttransportationofficialswheredeercommonlycrossroadsandcauseaccidents.PresidentObamahasrecognizedtheimportantrolethatthenation*s1,200communitycollegesandtheircontinuing-educationprogramsplayinsupplyingemployerswithworkerspossessingin-demandskills.-EverybodyinAmericashouldbeabletogetthoseskillsatacommunitycollege,IIMr.ObamasaidinaFeb.13speechatNorthernVirginiaCommunityCollege.-Companieslookingtohireshouldbeabletocountontheseschoolstoprovidethemwithasteadystreamofworkersqualifiedtofillthosespecificjobs.Ihthatspeech,Mr.Obamaproposedcreatingan$8billionCommunityCollegetoCareerFund,withthegoaloftrainingtwomillionworkersforgood-payingjobsingrowingindustries.InNewJersey,RutgersUniversityhas -asmanystudentseachyearincontinuingeducation—50,000—aswedoeachyearinallofourdegreeprograms,||saidDavidFinegold,Rutgers1seniorvicepresidenforlifelonglearning—itstermforcontinuingeducation.RutgersplaysamajorroleinwhatNewJerseycallsitsTalentNetworks.Thesenetworks,establishedinsixkeysectorsincludingtransportationandlogistics,worktomatchlaid-offworkersandnewgraduateswithemployers'needs.Thenetworks'coordinatorsoftenturntoRutgersorotherstatecollegesfortheirexpertiseandstatewidereachtofindpeoplewiththerightskillsortoprovidecoursesthathelpjoblessworkersqualifyforopenings.Atthesametime,theTalentNetworkshelpRutgersidentifywhichfieldsitscontinuingeducationprogramsshouldaddress.AtMiamiDadeCollege,thepresident,RolandoMontoya,saidthatschoolofficialswerein -constantcommunicationswiththeChamberofCommerceanddifferentindustriesintheprivatesectorabouttheiremploymentneeds.MesaidthatthehealthcareindustrywasboominginFlorida,justasitisinNewJersey,andhisschoolhadbroadeneditscontinuing-educationprogramstomeetthatsector'sdemand.Withthestatelikelytobeaffectedbyhurricanes,thecollegeisalsotrainingmoreinsuranceadjusterstomeettheneedsofpropertyandcasualtyinsurers.AtSinclairCommunityCollegeinDayton,Ohio,thepresident,StevenL.Johnson,tookanunusualstepfive-and-a-halfyearsago,creatingavicepresident0ssitionwiththesoleresponsibilityofworkforcedevelopment,includingconsultingwithemployersabouttheirpersonnelneeds.Thevicepresident,DeborahL.Norris,isfondofsaying,-Communityisourmiddlename.IISinclairhasanadvancedmanufacturingprogramtotrainpeoplehowtorunfactoryrobotsandcomputer-controlledmetal-cuttingmachines—skillsthatfewlaid-offfactoryworkershave.Sinclairalsoofferscoursesin-advancedmaterials||,inwhichstudentslearn,amongotherthings,aboutlightweightcompositesforaircraftconstruction.Goingwellbeyondwhatmanyschoolsdo,Sinclairisworkingcloselywithstateandlocalofficialsandbusinessgroupstohelpfigureouthowtoattractandnurtureindustry.AftertheclosingoftheareaGeneralMotorsandDelphiautopartsplants,Sinclairisworkingwithgovernmentandbusinesstoattractafast-growingindustry:unmannedaerialvehicles,alsoknownasdrones.PresidentObamasignedalawonFeb.14allowingdronestobeusedformanycommercialactivities,includingcrop-dusting,sellingrealestate,checkingpipelinesforcracksandmonitoringoilspillsandwildlife.TheTealGroup,anaerospaceconsultingfirm,estimatesthat$94billionwillbespentonsuchunmannedsystemsoverthenextdecade.Dayton—homeoftheWrightBrothersandthelocationofthehugeWright-PattersonAirForceBase—hasconsiderableaviationexpertise,andthestateofOhiohasgivenDaytonaplanninggranttodevelopthedroneindustryanditsanticipatedthousandsofjobs.SinclairCommunityCollegeispartoftheeffort.Afterconsultingwithindustryexperts,itisofferingacertificateinunmannedaerialsystems,withcoursesinpilotingthevehiclesremotely,maintainingthemandoperatingtheircameras.Seventystudentsarealreadytakingclassesinthatprogram,with67moreplanningtothisspring.(1011words)TalentNetworkswasestablishedtomatchtheneedsoflaid-offworkersandnewgraduateswiththoseofemployers.HealthcareindustryisdevelopingveryfastinFloridaandNewJersey.UniversityofCaliforniahasbeguntoopencoursesonrenewableenergyandgreenmarketing.UnmannedaerialvehiclesisafastgrowingindustryintheUnitedStates.Coursesingeospatialinformationsystemareexpandedsincethissystemcanhelpfederalagentstrackterrorists.Aneightbillionfundwasproposedtotraintwomillionworkerssothat

theywillbequalifiedforgood-payingjobs.Whiletherearemanyjobvacancies,lotsofcompaniescannotfindtherightpeopletheylongfor.Daytonhasbeengivenaplanninggranttodeveloptheindustryofunmannedaerialvehicles.NewYorkUniversityhassetupprogramsindigitalmarketing.StudentsatSinclairCommunityCollegecanlearnadvancedlightweightmaterialsnecessaryformakingaircrafts.Unit4TheStatueofLibertyDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.-LiberTheStatueofLiberty,sometimescalled-LadyLibe.rt^assUoodinNewYorkHarborformorethan100years.ItsfullnameisEnlighteningtheWorldlitis46meterstallfromitsbase,anditis-Libermademostlyofcopper.Thestatuefefacewascreatedtolooklikethesculptor'smother.Herrightarmholdsatorchwithaflamehighintheair.HerleftarmholdsatabletwiththedateoftheDeclarationofIndependence—July4th,1776.Onherheadshewearsacrownofsevenpoints.Eachismeanttorepresentthelightoffreedomasitshinesonthesevenseasandsevencontinentsoftheworld.TwentyfivewindowsinthecrownrepresentgemstonesfoundonEarth.Achainthatrepresentsoppressionliesbrokenatherfeet.In1903,abronzeplaquewasplacedontheinnerwallofthestatuefeuspportstructureorpedestal.OnitarewordsfromthepoemTheNewColossuswrittenbyEmmaLazarusin1883.Theplaquerepresentsthestatue'smessageofhopeforpeopleseekingfreedom.TheUnitedStatesandFrancehavebeenfriendsandalliessincethetimeoftheAmericanRevolution.FrancehelpedtheAmericancolonialarmiesdefeattheBritish.Thewarofficiallyendedin1783.Afewyearslater,theFrenchrebelledagainsttheirking.AFrenchhistorianandpoliticalleader,Edouard-ReneLefebvredeLaboulaye,hadtheideaforthestatue.In1865,hesuggestedthattheFrenchandtheAmericansbuildamonumenttogethertocelebratefreedom.ArtistFrederic-AugusteBartholdiimmediatelyagreedtodesignit.In1875,theFrenchestablishedanorganizationtoraisemoneyforBartholdi'screation.Twoyearslater,anAmericangroupwasformedtoraisemoneytopayforapedestaltosupportthestatue.AmericanarchitectRichardMorrisHuntwaschosentodesignthissupportstructure.Itwouldstand47metershigh.InFrance,Bartholdidesignedaverysmallstatue.Thenhebuiltaseriesoflargercopies.Workerscreatedawoodenformcoveredwithplasterforeachpart.Thentheyplaced300piecesofcopperontheforms.Thiscopperskinwaslessthanthreecentimetersthick.Thestatuealsoneededastructurethatcouldholditsweightofmorethan200tons.FrenchengineerAlexandreGustaveEiffel,wholaterbuiltthefamousEiffelTowerinParis,createdthisnewtechnology.EiffelandothersworkedinParistoproduceastrongironsupportsystemforthestatue.Thedesignalsoneededtopermitthestatuetomovealittleinstrongwinds.FrancehadwantedtogivethestatuetotheUnitedStatesontheonehundredthanniversaryoftheDeclarationofIndependence—July4th,1876.Buttechnicalproblemsandlackofmoneydelayedtheproject.FrancefinallypresentedthestatuetotheUnitedStatesinParisin1884.Butthepedestal,beingbuiltinNewYork,wasnotfinished.Notenoughmoneyhadbeengiventocompletetheproject.ThepublisheroftheNewYorkWorldnewspapercametotherescue.JosephPulitzerusedhisnewspapertourgeAmericanstogivemoremoneytofinishthepedestal.Hiseffortsbroughtinanotheronehundredthousanddollars.Andthepedestalwasfinished.InFrance,workersseparatedthestatueinto350pieces,putthemonashipandsentthemacrosstheocean.ThestatuearrivedinNewYorkinmorethantwohundredwoodenboxes.Ittookworkersfourmonthstoputtogetherthestatueonthenewpedestal.PresidentGroverClevelandofficiallyacceptedthestatueinaceremonyonOctober28th,1886.Hesaid:-WewillnotforgetthatLibertyhasheremadeherhome;norshallherchosenaltarbeneglected. IITheStatueofLibertybecameasymbolofhopeforimmigrantscomingtotheUnitedStatesbyshipfromEurope.Morethantwelvemillionpeoplepassedthestatuebetween1892and1954ontheirwaytotheimmigrationcenteronnearbyEllisIsland.MorethanfortypercentofAmericanshaveanancestorwhopassedthroughEllisIsland.Throughtheyears,millionsofpeoplecontinuedtovisittheStatueofLiberty.AtriptoNewYorkCitydi