分子生物学英文课件：Eukaryote gene and genome

MolecularBiologyGeneticInformationMolecularBiology中心法则(TheCentralDogma)TranscriptionTranslationReversetranscriptionReplicationDNARNA蛋白质中心法则(TheCentralDogma)TraGeneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫Protein

DNA￫RNA

Geneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫ProGeneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫Protein

DNA￫RNAGeneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫Prottranslationtranscriptiontranslationtranscription真核基因与基因组

Chapter3EukaryoteGeneandGenome真核基因与基因组Chapter3EukaryoteGe真核基因的结构与功能

第一节TheStructureandFunctionofEukaryoteGene真核基因的结构与功能第一节TheStructureanGene:GeneareDNAfragmentsthatcarrythespecialgeneticinformationincludestheentirenucleicacidsequencenecessaryfortheexpressionofitsproduct(peptideorRNA).

FunctionalunitsofaDNAmolecule(or,inafewcases,RNA)AchromosomalormitochondrialDNAsegmentcodestheinformationrequiredtoproduceafunctionalbiologicalproductHaveuniquestructureelements

Gene:GeneareDNAfragments+1转录起点+N转录终点转录AUGUAA翻译起点翻译终点翻译结构基因区调控区-N5’3’NC基因mRNA蛋白质+1转录起点+N转录终点转录AUGUAA翻译起点翻译终点翻译Geneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫Protein

DNA￫RNA

转录翻译

mRNAmRNAtRNArRNAmRNAGeneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫ProThefunctionofgenesDNAisthegeneticmaterialthatstoresthegeneticinformationforproteinsynthesisorRNA.Theexactduplication(replication)ofthisinformationinanyspeciesfromgenerationtogenerationassuresthegeneticcontinuityofthatspecies.Geneexpression(Transcription&Translation)determinesthestructureandfunctionofprotein,thuscontrolsidentifiabletraitsofanorganism.RNAcarriesouttheinstructionsencodedinDNA,andparticipateinthewholeprocessofgeneexpressioninallcells.RNAisalsothegeneticmaterialofsomeviruses.

ThefunctionofgenesDNAisthThestructureofeukaryoticgenesCodingsequence:exons

codingforproteinorRNANon-codingsequence:

intronsandun-transcribedregulatorysequencerequiredformodulationofageneexpression,includingpromoter,enhancer…Splitgene:eukaryoticstructuregeneconsistsofseveralcodingregionsandnon-codingregionsthatarespacedandinlaidoneother.

ThestructureofeukaryoticgeExon:segmentsofeukaryoticgene(oroftheprimarytranscriptofthatgene)thataresavedaspartofafunctional,maturemRNA,rRNAortRNAmolecules.Intron:segmentsofeukaryoticgene(oroftheprimarytranscriptofthatgene)thatareremovedbysplicingduringRNAprocessingandarenotincludedinthemature,functionalmRNA,rRNA,ortRNA.

ThestructureofeukaryoticgenesExon:segmentsofeukaryoticg分子生物学英文课件：Eukaryotegeneandgenome分子生物学英文课件：Eukaryotegeneandgenome-+-+TATA盒CAAT盒外显子翻译起始点转录起始点GC盒增强子AATAAA剪接加尾转录终止点修饰点内含子OCT-1OCT-1：ATTTGCAT八聚体+1结构基因启动子上游启动子元件三、调控序列参与真核基因表达调控TATA盒CAAT盒外显子翻译起始点转录起始点GC盒增强子A真核基因组的结构与功能

第二节TheStructureandFunctionofEukaryoteGenome真核基因组的结构与功能第二节TheStructurea

Genome:thetotalgeneticmaterialthatcontainsanorganism’sallgeneticinformation.EukaryoticgenomeiscomposedofthechromosomalandmitochondrialDNAOnlyasmallfractionofthegenomicDNAisincodingsequencesfor~25,000genesContainsmultiplerepeatedsequencesGenome:thetotalgeneticm分子生物学英文课件：EukaryotegeneandgenomeRepetitivesequences高度重复序列（highlyrepetitivesequence）中度重复序列（moderatelyrepetitivesequence）单拷贝序列（singlecopysequence）或低度重复序列Repetitivesequences高度重复序列（hig（一）高度重复序列（highlyrepetitivesequence）SatelliteDNAisthemaincomponentoffunctionalcentromeres,andformthemainstructuralconstituentof

heterochromatin.consistsofshortlengthsoflessthan10basepairsthatarerepeatedmillionsof(106)timespercell.反向重复序列（invertedrepeatsequence）卫星DNA（satelliteDNA）asequenceof

nucleotides

followeddownstreambyits

reversecomplement.

Theinterveningsequenceofnucleotidesbetweentheinitialsequenceandthereversecomplementcanbeanylengthincludingzero.Whentheinterveninglengthiszero,thecompositesequenceisa

palindromicsequence.（一）高度重复序列（highlyrepetitivese形成形成5`AAACCACCGCTGGTAGCGGTGGTTT3`3`TTTGGTGGCGACCATCGCCACCAAA5`反向重复序列（invertedrepeatsequence）5`AAACCACCGCTGGTAGCGGTGGTTT3`反（二）中度重复序列（moderatelyrepetitivesequence）inlengthsuptoafewhundredbasepairsthatarerepeatedatleast1,000(103~104)times,（三）单拷贝序列（singlecopysequence）或低度重复序列consistsofuniquesegmentsandsegmentsthatarerepeatedonlyafewtimes.（二）中度重复序列（moderatelyrepetitivDNA序列相似，但功能不一定相关的若干个单拷贝基因或若干组基因家族总称。超家族基因（superfamilygene）基因组中存在的一段与正常基因非常相似但不能表达的DNA序列。以来表示。假基因（psuedogene）DNA序列相似，但功能不一定相关的若干个单拷贝基因或若干组基名词解释SplitgeneIntronexon名词解释SplitgeneMolecularBiologyGeneticInformationMolecularBiology中心法则(TheCentralDogma)TranscriptionTranslationReversetranscriptionReplicationDNARNA蛋白质中心法则(TheCentralDogma)TraGeneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫Protein

DNA￫RNA

Geneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫ProGeneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫Protein

DNA￫RNAGeneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫Prottranslationtranscriptiontranslationtranscription真核基因与基因组

Chapter3EukaryoteGeneandGenome真核基因与基因组Chapter3EukaryoteGe真核基因的结构与功能

第一节TheStructureandFunctionofEukaryoteGene真核基因的结构与功能第一节TheStructureanGene:GeneareDNAfragmentsthatcarrythespecialgeneticinformationincludestheentirenucleicacidsequencenecessaryfortheexpressionofitsproduct(peptideorRNA).

FunctionalunitsofaDNAmolecule(or,inafewcases,RNA)AchromosomalormitochondrialDNAsegmentcodestheinformationrequiredtoproduceafunctionalbiologicalproductHaveuniquestructureelements

Gene:GeneareDNAfragments+1转录起点+N转录终点转录AUGUAA翻译起点翻译终点翻译结构基因区调控区-N5’3’NC基因mRNA蛋白质+1转录起点+N转录终点转录AUGUAA翻译起点翻译终点翻译Geneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫Protein

DNA￫RNA

转录翻译

mRNAmRNAtRNArRNAmRNAGeneexpression:DNA￫mRNA￫ProThefunctionofgenesDNAisthegeneticmaterialthatstoresthegeneticinformationforproteinsynthesisorRNA.Theexactduplication(replication)ofthisinformationinanyspeciesfromgenerationtogenerationassuresthegeneticcontinuityofthatspecies.Geneexpression(Transcription&Translation)determinesthestructureandfunctionofprotein,thuscontrolsidentifiabletraitsofanorganism.RNAcarriesouttheinstructionsencodedinDNA,andparticipateinthewholeprocessofgeneexpressioninallcells.RNAisalsothegeneticmaterialofsomeviruses.

ThefunctionofgenesDNAisthThestructureofeukaryoticgenesCodingsequence:exons

codingforproteinorRNANon-codingsequence:

intronsandun-transcribedregulatorysequencerequiredformodulationofageneexpression,includingpromoter,enhancer…Splitgene:eukaryoticstructuregeneconsistsofseveralcodingregionsandnon-codingregionsthatarespacedandinlaidoneother.

ThestructureofeukaryoticgeExon:segmentsofeukaryoticgene(oroftheprimarytranscriptofthatgene)thataresavedaspartofafunctional,maturemRNA,rRNAortRNAmolecules.Intron:segmentsofeukaryoticgene(oroftheprimarytranscriptofthatgene)thatareremovedbysplicingduringRNAprocessingandarenotincludedinthemature,functionalmRNA,rRNA,ortRNA.

ThestructureofeukaryoticgenesExon:segmentsofeukaryoticg分子生物学英文课件：Eukaryotegeneandgenome分子生物学英文课件：Eukaryotegeneandgenome-+-+TATA盒CAAT盒外显子翻译起始点转录起始点GC盒增强子AATAAA剪接加尾转录终止点修饰点内含子OCT-1OCT-1：ATTTGCAT八聚体+1结构基因启动子上游启动子元件三、调控序列参与真核基因表达调控TATA盒CAAT盒外显子翻译起始点转录起始点GC盒增强子A真核基因组的结构与功能

第二节TheStructureandFunctionofEukaryoteGenome真核基因组的结构与功能第二节TheStructurea

Genome:thetotalgeneticmaterialthatcontainsanorganism’sallgeneticinformation.EukaryoticgenomeiscomposedofthechromosomalandmitochondrialDNAOnlyasmallfractionofthegenomicDNAisincodingsequencesfor~25,000genesContainsmultiplerepeatedsequencesGenome:thetotalgeneticm分子生物学英文课件：EukaryotegeneandgenomeRepetitivesequences高度重复序列（highlyrepetitivesequence）中度重复序列（moderatelyrepetitivesequence）单拷贝序列（singlecopysequence）或低度重复序列Repetitivesequences高度重复序列（hig（一）高度重复序列（highlyrepetitivesequence）SatelliteDNAisthemaincomponentoffunctionalcentromeres,andformthemainstructuralconstituentof

heterochromatin.consistsofshortlengthsoflessthan10basepairsthatarerepeatedmillionsof(106)timespercell.反向重复序列（invertedrepeatsequence