(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题突破专题七　定语从句 (含答案)

专题七定语从句-2-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdisease...2.(2018·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,whichhelpsthemkeepfit.3.(2018·浙江卷)Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.4.(2018·天津卷)Kate,

whose

sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.

5.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,whichisnotgoodforthehealth.-3-高考感悟考点归纳6.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.7.(2017·江苏卷)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.8.(2017·北京卷)Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.9.(2017·天津卷)Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.-4-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Theyalsohadasmallpond,whichtheyraisedfish.在which前加in或which→where2.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that→which3.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.they→that或which-5-高考感悟考点归纳考点一

关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.幸福和成功经常属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Doyouknowtheboy(whom)wemetatthegate?你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗?-6-高考感悟考点归纳3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。4.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.她就是那位我非常想见的明星。Amongthemanydangers(which/that)sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.在海员们要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。-7-高考感悟考点归纳5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whomthe+名词”。Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.国内市场利润下降的公司会寻求到国外发展的机会。Thehousewhosewindowsareverylargeismyuncle’s.=Thehouseof

whichthewindowsareverylargeismyuncle’s.那个窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。-8-高考感悟考点归纳6.as可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,the

same,so,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。Itwassodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscouldworkout.(as做workout的宾语)这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。注意so/such...that结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnobodyinmyclasscouldworkitout.(workout已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)-9-高考感悟考点归纳(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。Thenumberofsmokers,as

is

reported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。-10-高考感悟考点归纳7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time,day,week,year,month等,常用onwhich,in

which,at

which,duringwhich等代替。Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。Iamlookingforwardtothedaywhen/on

whichmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。-11-高考感悟考点归纳8.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。Thehousewhere/in

whichhelivesisneartheriver.注意高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity等。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhere/in

whichtheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。-12-高考感悟考点归纳9.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用forwhich来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。Tellmethereasonwhy/for

whichyoucamelate.告诉我你来晚了的原因。注意用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。-13-高考感悟考点归纳考点二

必须用关系代词that的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。2.先行词被theonly,the

very,the

same,thelast等修饰时。ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.这是我最不想参观的地方。3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的小说。-14-高考感悟考点归纳4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。ThisisthethirddictionarythatIhaveused.这是我用过的第三本词典。5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwewereinterestedin.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。-15-高考感悟考点归纳6.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingunderthetree?站在树下的那个男子是谁?注意QingdaoisthemostbeautifulcitywhereIhaveeverworked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中work为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词)前面所述几种情况已有前提:需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。-16-高考感悟考点归纳考点三

不能用关系代词that的情况1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的whom。Thisisthetrainby

whichwewenttoBeijing.这是我们去北京乘坐的火车。2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。IborrowedthebookSherlock

Holmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.上周我在图书馆里借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书,书是我的同学向我推荐的。-17-高考感悟考点归纳3.指人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时,关系代词要用who,不用that。Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?有人能回答这个问题吗?4.先行词本身是指示代词that或those时,关系代词应用which。What’sthatwhichsheislookingat?她正在看什么?-18-高考感悟考点归纳考点四

as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1.位置不同。which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as引导的定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说as从句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。Itisatrulydelightfulplace,whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。Mike,as

you

know,isanhonestman./Mikeisanhonestman,as

you

know./As

you

know,Mikeisanhonestman.如你所知,迈克是个诚实的人。-19-高考感悟考点归纳2.先行词不同。as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。Asweallknow,heisveryproud.(先行词为一个句子)众所周知,他很骄傲。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(先行词是一个词)他是自大的,而他弟弟从不自大。3.意义不同。as一般译为“正如,就像”;which一般译为“这一点,这件事”。John,as

you

know,ismybestfriend.正如你所知,约翰是我最好的朋友。HehasbeentoParismorethantentimes,which

I

don’t

believe.他已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信。-20-高考感悟考点归纳4.关系不同。当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。Tomwaslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.汤姆上学迟到了,这使他老师很生气。注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:(1)asanybodycansee正如大家能看到的那样(2)aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样(3)asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样(4)ashasbeensaidbefore如之前所述(5)asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的-21-高考感悟考点归纳考点五

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose。Thepersontowhomyou’llwriteisMr.Ball.你要给他写信的人是鲍尔先生。TheoldmanwastalkingwithMr.Smith,in

whosehospitalIwasoperatedon.那位老人正在和史密斯先生谈话,我是在他的医院做的手术。-22-高考感悟考点归纳2.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词及名词、数词。Hehastwosons,both

of

whomwerekilledinthewar.他有两个儿子,他们两个都在战争中死了。Iliveinahouse,the

window

of

whichfacesthesouth.我住在一个房子里,房子的窗户朝南。-23-高考感悟考点归纳3.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语动词和介词的习惯搭配、先行词和介词的习惯搭配来确定,有时也需要结合句意。Inthestreettherewasn’tanypersonto

whomshecouldturnforhelp.在街上没有她能够求助的人。Thebossin

whosecompanymyfatherworksisaverykindperson.我爸爸工作的那家公司的老板是一位很善良的人。-24-高考感悟考点归纳4.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句中,定语从句常和先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。Helivesinabighouse,in

front

of

whichstandsatallappletree.他住在一所大房子里,房子的前面有一棵高高的苹果树。注意在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不能分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。Thisisthebook(which/that)I’mlookingfor.不可以说:ThisisthebookforwhichI’mlooking.5.fromwhere虽为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可引导定语从句,where往往指代前面表示具体位置的介词短语。Hestoodontopofthehill,from

wherehecouldseethewholevillage.(where指代ontopofthehill,指的是“从山顶那个地方看”,而不是指“山”)-25-高考感悟考点归纳考点六

定语从句与其他句型的区别1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。二者都跟在名词后面,区别是:定语从句修饰先行词,是对其进行修饰限定;同位语从句则是对前面名词的解释说明,是其内容。同位语从句前的名词常为抽象名词,如:idea,fact,truth,evidence,news,thought。同位语从句主要由that引导,在从句中不做成分,有时也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,在从句中充当成分。Thenewsthatourteamwonmadeusexcited.(ourteamwon是news的内容,that不充当从句的成分,为同位语从句。可理解为:Thenewswasthatourteamwon.)Thenewsthathetoldmewasexciting.(hetoldme缺少一个直接宾语,由that充当,故为定语从句。不能将其理解为:Thenewswasthathetoldme.)-26-高考感悟考点归纳2.定语从句与并列句和简单句的区别。区别的关键是看标点和连接词。Ourclasshassixtystudents,most

of

whomstudyhard.(逗号后为另一个句子,两个句子之间要用连接代词whom,为定语从句)Ourclasshassixtystudents,and

most

of

themstudyhard.(逗号后为另一个句子,且已经有并列连词and,故用them即可,为并列句)Ourclasshassixtystudents.Most

of

themstudyhard.(两句之间为句号,代表两个独立的简单句,故不需要连接词)-27-高考感悟考点归纳3.定语从句与状语从句的区别。定语从句前面必有先行词,而状语从句(如时间状语从句和地点状语从句)则是做整个句子的状语,前面没有先行词。Doyouknowthe

time

whenhewillcomeback?(定语从句,前面有先行词time)Iwillgoshoppingwhenhecomesback.(时间状语从句,表示主句动作发生的时间,前面没有先行词)Putthebookwhereitbelongs.(地点状语从句,指的是“放书”的地点,前面无先行词,因此不能用towhich)Putthebookintheplace

whereitbelongs.(定语从句,前面有先行词place)-28-高考感悟考点归纳4.定语从句与强调句的区别。当itis/was后出现表示地点或时间的名词时,其后所接的从句是定语从句还是强调句,要看将itis/was和that(可以先假设)去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺少成分),若句式完整则为强调句。ItwasSundaywhenhecameback.(定语从句)ItwasonSundaythathecameback.(强调句式,强调的是时间状语onSunday,去掉Itwas和that后句式完整)-29-高考感悟考点归纳考点七

几种特殊情况1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中做主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;做状语时,要用inwhich或that或不填任何关系词。Theway(that/in

which)hefinished

the

tasksuccessfullywasdifficulttounderstand.(做状语)Theway(that/which)heexplainedtomewasnotdifficulttounderstand.(做宾语)2.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/duringwhich;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导,that可以省略。TherewasatimewhenwehadnoTVsets.Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedourcountry.-30-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.单句填空1.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhomIhadevermetbefore.2.ItwasonthefarmwhereweworkedthatIgottoknowher.3.Apersonwhosee-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.4.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.5.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofwhicharebeyondourcontrol.6.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitywheresightmattersmorethanhearing.-31-ⅠⅡⅢ7.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,after

whichhefoundajobinabigcompany.8.IhavereachedapointinmylifewhereIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.9.OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.10.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaderswhereconsumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.11.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostofwhomarehealthy.12.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.-32-ⅠⅡⅢ13.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothofwhicharebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.14.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideawherethepartyistobeheld?15.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,neitherofwhomwantedtobuyit.16.AgoodfriendofminefromwhenIwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.17.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitywhosenamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.18.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareerwheresheneededtodecidewhattodo.-33-ⅠⅡⅢ19.Lifeislikealongracewherewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.20.Manychildren,whoseparentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.-34-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.单句改错1.ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.which→that2.Whichweallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.Which→As3.TheradiosetwhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong.去掉it4.Thedaywillcomewhichthepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation.which→when5.Heisamanofgreatexperience,fromwh