大学英语精读Unit2 Lessons from Jefferson 课文习题课件

Unit2LessonsfromJefferson

LifeStoryaboutThomasJefferson

ThethirdpresidentinAmericanhistoryBornin1743,VirginiaHisfatherwasalargelandowner.HebegantolearnLatin,GreekandFrenchwhenhewasnine.

In1776,hedraftedtheDeclarationofIndependence.In1800,hebecamethepresidentandservedfortwoterms.

OneofthemostimportantdocumentsinthehistoryofAmerica.PublishedonJuly4,1779

atthesecondContinentalCongress.Marksthebeginningofanewnation.July4hasbecomethe

nationalday.PartDivisionPartI(para1-2):AbriefintroductiontoThomasJeffersonPartII(Para3-8):

SomeideasandprinciplesgivenbyThomasJefferson.PartIII(para9-11):

HistalentsinmanyfieldsandhiscontributiontoUSA.CompanyLogoLessonsfromJefferson

IntroduceThomasJeffersonGoandseeYoucanlearnfromeveryoneJudgeforyourselfDowhatyoubelieveisrightTrustthefuture;trusttheyoungHisgreatinfluenceonAmerica

IntroductionBodyConclusionIV.DetailedStudyofPart11.WhyisThomasJeffersonlessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln?Washingtoniswell-knownforhisleadershipintheAmericanIndependenceWar.Lincolniswell-knownforhisroleinabolishingslaveryintheUnitedStates.FamousPresidentsinAmericanHistory

GeorgeWashingtonThefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Ledtheindependencewar.ThefatherofAmerica.

AbrahamLincoln

ThesixteenthpresidentofAmerica.Firmlyopposednegroslaverysystem.WontheCivilWar.Q1GiveanexampletoshowthatJeffersonbelievedpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommittee.=Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommittee.Ifyouarefree,youcancometomyhouse.=iffree,youcancometomyhouse.用when,whether,unless,though,although,if,while,what,once等引导的从句中，如果谓语动词为be，同时主语与主句的主语相同时或者状语从句的主语是it,从句的主语和动词be可以省略。Although(hewas)seriouslywounded,hecontinuedtofightwiththecriminalbravely.MoreexamplesareonP.38.Bybirthandbyeducation,hebelongedtothehighestsocialclass.=Judgingbyhisfamilyandeducationalbackground,Jeffersonwasamemberofthegroupwithtopsocialstatus.按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层。Yet,inadaywhenfewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder,Jeffersonwentoutofhiswaytotalkwithgardeners,servants,andwaiters.

然而，在那个贵族除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，杰斐逊却想尽办法跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。Whydidn’tnoblepersonsspeaktothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder?Thenoblepersonsthoughttheyweresuperiorandlookeddownuponthepeopleofhumbleoriginsandregardedtalkingwiththosepeopleasdegrading.Butsometimestheyhadtobecausetheyhadtoorderthosepeopletodothingsforthem.JeffersonandtheFrenchRevolutionJeffersonservedasministertoFrancefrom1785to1788whenrevolutionwasimminentinFranceHesympathizedwiththerevolution,feelingitwassimilarinpurposetotheAmericanRevolution.ThankstohispoliticalwritingsandhislegalreformsinVirginia,FrenchreformersregardedJeffersonasachampionofliberty.Jeffersonfeltthatthepresentshouldneverbechainedtocustomswhichhavelosttheirusefulness.

TranslatethesentenceintoChinese杰斐逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚“现在”。Wereitlefttometodecidewhetherweshouldhaveagovernmentwithoutnewspapersornewspaperswithoutagovernment,Ishouldnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter.=Ifitwerelefttometodecide…

在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句中有should,were

或助动词had时，可省略if，将这些词提到句首，主谓语用部分倒装结构。

Hadyoutoldmethematterearlier,Iwouldnothavedonethefoolishthing.如果让我来决定我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸呢还是应该有报纸而不要政府，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。Howdoyouunderstand“Neitherbelievenorrejectanythingbecauseanyotherpersonhasrejectedorbelievedit.”?(Lines23~25)Neverbelieveorrejectanythingonlybecauseanyotherpersonhasrejectedorbelievedit.Don’tacceptblindlyotherpeople’slikesordislikes.Onemusthaveindependentthought.Itisconflictandnotunquestioningagreementthatkeepsfreedomalive.

TurntoPage39formoreexamples.Whatishisattitudetowardthefutureandtheyoung?Beoptimisticaboutthefutureandtheyoung.Trustthefutureandtheyoung.Q5Hedidnotfearnewideas,nordidhefearthefuture.

=hedidnotfearnewideas,andhedidnotfearthefuture,either.MoreexercisesareonPages38and39.DetailedStudyofPart31.WhatareThomasJefferson’scontributionstoUSA?anexpertinagriculture,archeologyandmedicinePracticecroprotationandsoilconservationInventaplowInfluencearchitecture5.agoodandtirelesswriter6.amanwhomadegreatcontributiontoAmericaneducationHeinfluencedarchitecturethroughoutAmerica,andhewasconstantlyproducingdevicesformakingthetasksofordinarylifeeasiertoperform.ManyofthedevicesJeffersoninventedarestillremembered—amachineforcopyingimportantpapers,aninstrumentthatindicatestheweatherbothindoorsandoutdoors,arotatingdesk,tonameonlyafew.他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断地制造出各种机械装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易。杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。他懂得的东西也许比任何时代任何人都要多。在农业、考古学和医学方面他都是专家。在人们普遍采用农作物轮作和土壤保持的做法以前一个世纪，他就这样做了。他还发明了一种比当时任何一种都要好的耕犁。他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断制造出各种器械装置，使日常生活中需要的许多工作变得更加容易。AgreateducatorHebelievedthatonlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremainfree.HisproposedaschoolsystemofthreestepsineducationTheschoolsystemofthreesteps

Thefirststepwouldbeelementaryschools,whereallchildrencouldlearnreading,writing,arithmetic,andgeography.Thesecondstepwouldbecolleges...equaltothehighschoolsoftoday.Studentswouldbeginthestudyofscience,orwouldstudyagriculture,orhowtousetheirhandstomakethings.Theseschoolswouldbepaidforbythestate.Thethirdstepwouldbeastateuniversity,wherestudentsofgreatabilitycouldgotogetthebestofeducations.Theuniversitywouldproducethelawyers,doctors,professors,scientists,andgovernmentleaders.Statementonhisgravestone"HerewasburiedThomasJefferson--authoroftheDeclarationofAmericanIndependence,oftheVirginiaLawforReligiousFreedom,andFatheroftheUniversityofVirginia.“

byThomasJeffersonDowhatyoubelieveisright.Inafreecountrytherewillalwaysbeconflictingideas,andthisisasourceofstrength.Itisconflictandnotunquestioningagreementthatkeepsfreedomalive.ThoughJeffersonwasformanyyearstheobjectofstrongcriticism,heneveransweredhiscritics.Heexpressedhisphilosophy(哲学)inletterstoafriend,“Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.Ifyoutakeonesidewithdecisionandacton(actaccordingto)itwitheffect,thosewhotaketheothersidewillofcourseresentyouractions.”PartTwo

LanguageFocusvi.beopposed;clashTheiraccountofeventsconflictswithours.他们对事件的说法与我们的说法截然不同。n.disagreement;clash;fight

Somepeoplefeelthereisagreatdealofconflictbetweenreligionandscience.conflictarmedconflict武装冲突ArmedconflicthasfrequentlybrokenoutinSyria.Collocation:

conflictofinterest利益冲突

aninnerconflict内心冲突

inconflictwith和…冲突四级高频词汇Althoughmanypeopleviewconflictasbad，conflictissometimesuseful__itforcespeopletotestrelativemeritsoftheirattitudesandbehaviors.AbywhichBtowhichCinthatDsothat真题链接Althoughmanypeopleviewconflictasbad，conflictissometimesuseful__itforcespeopletotestrelativemeritsoftheirattitudesandbehaviors.AbywhichBtowhichCinthatDsothat真题链接4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。Thecommitteemembershaveconflictingopinionsastothebestlocationofthenewairport.

Translation

Acriticisapersonwhojudgesotherpeopleorsomesortofevent

Commonformsofcritic,forexamplebeing"moviecritic","musiccritic"and"foodcritic",whodesignaratingsystemtojudgeallofthesethings.

criticaradical

critic

Aradical

critic

ofsocietyhasturnedintoaHigh-Churchreactionary.一个激进的社会批评家变成了高教会派的反动分子。Amultilingualpersoncanexplaintheadvantagesofaproductwithotherlanguages,butamulticulturalsalespersoncanmotivateforeignerstobuyit.That’sacriticdifference.真题链接改错adj．吹毛求疵的，批评的；决定性的，重要的

Heissocriticalthatnobodycanpleasehim．他太吹毛求疵，所以没有人能取悦他。

Wearrivedatthecriticalmoment．我们在关键时刻到达。

Thedirectorwascritical____thewayweweredoingthework.(2000.1)

A.atB.inC.ofD.withThedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.

真题链接acton:actaccordingtoHealwaysactsonaguess.他总是凭猜想行事。7)吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令。Jimwouldhavepreferredtoactonhisownjudgment,buthedidn'tbecauseasasoldierhehadtoobeytheorder.

Translationvt.feelangryorbitteratIbitterlyresentyourcriticism.我对你的批评十分反感。resentPatten:resentdoingsth.resentsb./sth.doingpara8.Trustthefuture;trusttheyoung.Jeffersonfeltthatthepresentshouldneverbechainedtocustomswhichhavelosttheirusefulness."Nosociety,"hesaid,"canmakea

perpetual

constitution,orevenaperpetuallaw."Nosociety,"hesaid,"canmakea

perpetual

constitution,orevenaperpetuallaw.Theearthbelongstothelivinggeneration."Hedidnotfearnewideas,nordidhefearthefuture."Howmuchpain,"heremarked,"hasbeencausedbyevilswhichhaveneverhappened!Iexpectthebest,nottheworst.Isteermyshipwithhope,leavingfearbehind."Chain

1)链，链条；表链Thebridgewassupportedbyheavyironchainshangingfromtwotowers.这座桥是由系在两座塔上的沉重铁链支撑点的。2）枷锁;囚禁，束缚Beinchains上着镣铐；在囚禁中3）一系列；一连串Amountainchain山脉chainbridge链式吊桥Chainreaction连锁反应连锁商店chainstorechainsb./sth.tosb./sth.:

Heischainedtothegraveofmarriage.Trustthefuture;trusttheyoung.

Jeffersonfeltthatthepresentshouldneverbechained(bindorrestrain)tocustomswhichhavelosttheirusefulness.(杰斐逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在”的手脚。)perpetual1)adj.永久的，永恒的，长期的;perpetualfriendship永恒的友情2）adj.无休止的,没完没了的perpetualcomplaint没完没了的抱怨Vt.perpetuate使永存；使连续n.perpetuity永久，永恒Adiamondisforever钻石恒久远,一颗永留传Acontentedmindisaperpetualfeast.CompanyLogo以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：例：NotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。）部分倒装（只将谓语的一部分放在主语之前）

[be/情态动词/助动词（do/does/did/have/has/had)]+主语①Hardly，seldom，little，few，never，nowhere，nolonger，bynomeans，innoway，undernocircumstances，onnoaccount

(e.g.)Bynomeans

________forgetthatsolvingTaiwanIssueisentirelyinternalChineseaffair.A．wecanB．wecould

C．canweD．couldwe1.否定副词或短语位于句首时倒装句的用法及注意点Notonly________tothemeetingbutalsoheshouldgiveaspeechthere.A．didhegoB．shouldhego

C．heshouldgoD．hisgoing

②Notonly…butalso…,Neither…nor…Hardly/Scarcely…when…，nosooner…than…

Notuntil…注意：在Notonly...butalso...句型中，当notonly置于第一个分句句首时，第一个分句要用部分倒装。Henotonlystudieshardbutalsoplaysbasketballwell.在neither…nor…句型中，前后两个分句都要部分倒装。—Howwastheweatherthen?—Hardly________offtheplanewhenitstartedtorain.A．IhadsteppedB．hadIstepped

C．IsteppedD．didIstep注意：在hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…than…（一…就…)句型中，前一个分句要用完成时，且部分倒装。Notuntilhelefthishome________toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.A．didhebeginB．hadhebegun

C．hebeganD．hehadbegun注意：notuntil…位于句首时，后面的主句要部分倒装。4.So（也），neither/nor（也不）位于句首时①Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.____________.（我的也一样冷）②Idon’tlikefootball.__________________.（他也不喜欢）

So

doesmineNeither/Nordoeshe注：如果句意表示肯定或附和“的确如此”时，句子不用倒装③It’shot.

Soitis.(的确如此)evil1）邪恶的，坏的eg:Heshouldgetridofthosethoughts.他应该去除那些邪念。2）邪恶，罪恶；祸害eg:Shealwaysreturnsgoodforevils.她总是以德报怨。Howmuchpainhasbeencausedbyevilswhichhaveneverhappened!Iexpectthebest,nottheworst.Isteermyshipwithhope,leavingfearbehind.

steer；Vt.1）驾驶，为…..掌舵；（=drive）2）引导（=guide）Vi.驾驶eg:Mycarsteerseasily.

steerclearof避开，绕开eg:Thecarsteeredclearofthemuddyroad.

leavebehind:

abandon;failtotakeorbringalong

Ihavelefttheumbrellabehind.Don’tleavemebehind.IthinkI’llleavemyheavycoatbehind;Ishan’tneeditonholiday.Theplaneisabouttoleave,butI’veleftmyticketbehind.“Isteer

myshipwithhope,leavingfearbehind.“我满怀希望地驾驭着自己的航船，而把恐惧抛在后面。”Whatkindofrhetoricaldeviceisusedhere?steermyship

是隐喻(metaphor),

“驾驶着自己的航船”未来像航海一样，充满未知性，杰斐逊不但不惧怕，而且对未来充满希望，表现了其乐观和一往无前的精神。Jefferson’scourageandidealismwerebasedonknowledge.Heprobablyknewmorethananyothermanofhisage.Hewasanexpertinagriculture,archeology,andmedicine.Hepracticedcroprotationandsoilconservationacenturybeforethesebecamestandardpractice,andheinventedaplowsuperiortoanyotherinexistence.HeinfluencedarchitecturethroughoutAmerica,andhewasconstantlyproducingdevicesformakingthetasksofordinarylifeeasiertoperform.(他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断地制造出各种机械装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易。)PartThreeofone’sage:thetimeinwhichonelives他是那个年代最著名的流行歌手。Heisthemostfamouspopsingerofhisage.superior:

adj.

goodorbetterinqualityorvalueThegovernmenttroopsweresuperiorinnumbers.Thisclothissuperiortothat.Collocationsbesuperiorin

在…方面占优势besuperiorto

优于…的；高于…的

Thenewmachineissuperiortothat.Henry'sworksofartaresuperiorinmanyrespectstothoseofhisbrother's.亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。TranslationArticle6_W_influence1influence:公众的观点常常受大众媒介的影响。Publicopinionsareusuallyinfluencedbymassmedia.1.vt.haveaneffecton影响Thetwomaininfluencesinachild’sdevelopmentarethefamilyandtheschool.

2.n.powertoaffectsth.orsb.

影响,影响力Collocation:

haveagreat/good/badinfluenceupon/on…对…有很大/好/坏的影响undertheinfluenceof在…的影响下

OfallJefferson’smanytalents,oneiscentral.Hewasaboveallagoodandtirelesswriter.Hiscompleteworks,nowbeingpublishedforthefirsttime,willfillmorethanfiftyvolumes.Histalentasanauthorwassoondiscovered,andwhenthetimecametowritetheDeclarationofIndependenceatPhiladelphiain1776,thetaskofwritingitwashis.Millionshavethrilledtohiswords:“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal...”aboveall:

mostimportantofallNeverwasteanything,butaboveallneverwastetime.与“aboveall”有相似意义的表达方式有：firstfirstofallfirstlyforonethinginthefirstinstanceinthefirstplace

WhenJeffersondiedonJuly4,1826,the50thanniversaryofAmericanindependence,helefthiscountrymenarichlegacyofideasandexamples.AmericaneducationowesagreatdebttoThomasJefferson,whobelievedthatonlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremainfree.owesth.to:1)believe(something)tobetheresultof(something)

Heowedhissuccesstoluckmorethantocapacity.他把他的成功更多地归于运气而不是能力。2)feelgratitude(tosb.)inreturnforaservice,favour,etc.

Iowemyteachersandparentsagreatdeal.我深深感激师长与父母。CompanyLogoEnjoyanarticle

LoveIloveyounotbecauseof______________,butbecauseofwhoIam_____________________.Nomanorwomanisworthyourtears,andtheonewhois,____________________.Theworstwaytomisssomeoneistobesittingrightbesidethemknowing________________________.

whoyouarewhenIamwithyouwon’tmakeyoucryyoucan’thavethemCompanyLogo

Neverfrown,evenwhenyouaresad,becauseyouneverknow_________________withyoursmile.

Totheworldyoumaybeoneperson,buttooneperson________________________.Don'twasteyourtimeonaman/woman,whoisn'twillingto___________________.Justbecausesomeonedoesn'tloveyouthewayyouwantthemto,doesn'tmean______________________withalltheyhave.

whowillfallinloveyoumaybetheworldwastetheirtimeonyoutheydon’tloveyouCompanyLogoDon'ttrytoohard,thebestthingscomewhen________________________.MaybeGodwantsustomeet___________________beforemeetingtherightone,sothatwhenwefinallymeettheperson,wewillknow__________________.Don'tcrybecause___________,smilebecause_____________.

youleastexpectthemto

afewwrongpeoplehowtobegratefulitisoverithappenedAfterReading_1.11.从书本中获取知识2.亲自作调查3.做现场观察4.研究有关某一问题的文件5.社会阶层6.发号施令7.出生卑微的人8.烧饭锅obtainknowledgefrombookspersonalinvestigationmakeon-the-spotobservationsstudypapersonasubjectsocialclassgiveanorderpeopleofhumbleoriginsacookingpotUsefulExpressions

AfterReading_1.2判断真理与谬误的头脑认真思考的

力量的源泉毫不犹豫有效地采取行动被无用的习俗束缚住手脚

满怀希望地把恐惧抛在后面amindforjudgingtruthanderrorwithcarefulthoughtasourceofstrengthnothesitateamomentactonwitheffectbechainedtocustomswhichhavelosttheirusefulnesswithhopeleavefearbehind5.16.AfterReading_1.317.存在18.不知疲倦的作家19.一切人生来平等20.一份丰富的思想遗产

inexistenceatirelesswriterallmenarecreatedequalarichlegacyofideasAfterReading_8.1ProverbsandQuotations1.Genuineknowledgecomesfrompractice.实践出真知。2.Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouwillfindyourselfignorant.学,然后知不足。3.Youneverknowwhatyoucandotillyoutry.—FrederickMarryat,Britishnovelist除非你亲自尝试一下，否则你永远不知道你能够做什么。

—英国小说家F.马里亚特ExercisesIII.-11)besides;

except;

besides2)havereceived;accepted;

received,

accept3)discovered;

was

invented;

discovered,

inventedIII.-21)alike2)asleep3)alive4)awake5)alone6)astir1)conflictwith2)superiorto3)resented4)leftbehind/left(mycarkeys)behind5)error6)rejected7)created8)obtained9)aboveall10)perpetualIII.-3III.-41)

origin2)

threatening3)

inexistence4)

hesitates5)

owes

to6)Actingon7)leaving

to8)wentoutofherway9)has

beenappointed10)judgments11)influence12)humbleⅣ.-11)await-and-seeattitude2)alife-and-deathstruggle3)adown-to-earthspirit4)anout-and-outlie5)anout-of-the-waymountainvillage6)aface-to-facetalk7)adivide-and-rulepolicy8)up-to-datemachines9)word-for-wordtranslation10)anever-to-be-forgottennightV.

1)Inhisyouth2)A17-year-oldyouth3)Theyouthofourcountryhave4)Someyouths5)Youthis6)Theyouthofthe21stcenturyhaveⅥ-21)Althoughadvancedinyears,ThomasEdisonremainedasactiveandcreativeasmanyyoungpeople.2)Whilestillatcollege,MissLeacockhadherfirstnovelpublished.3)Atigercannotbetamedunlesscaughtveryyoung.4)Theoldladycarryingabasketfulofeggswasrundownbyataxiwhencrossingthestreet.5)IamsureMr.White'slatestplay,oncestaged,willprovetobeagreatsuccess.6)Benisfullyawarethatifnotproperlymanaged,hisshirtfactorywillhavetoclosedowninlessthanayear.Ⅵ-21)Paulcouldnotdance,norcouldhesing.2)Iwasnotsatisfiedwithherexplanation,norweremyclassmates.3)MybrotherJoeneverlearnedtoswim,nordoesheintendtostartnow.4)Theydidn'tinviteme,nordidtheyinvitemyparents.5)Cathyhadhardlysaidawordsincesupper,norhadherhusband.6)Mr.Owendidn'tknowthenwhathadhappened,nordidheeverfindout.Ⅵ-31)ItwasJeffersonwhowrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.2)Itiswithgenuinefeelingthattheauthorpraisesallthatisprogressive.3)ItwasonthebeachthatMissWhitefoundthechildlyingdead.4)Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthatwecouldnotcrosstheriver.5)ItwasJim,aheartlessfellow,whowasheardshoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight.6)Itwasnotun