医务人员常用语

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业医务人员常用英语郝儒田搜集整理2010年7月31日星期六--温州目录第一部分医务人员常用语……………2病人常用语…………………4呼吸系统疾病、感冒………………………4上呼吸道感染、支气管哮喘………………5消化系统疾病、消化性溃疡………………6胃十二指肠溃疡……………7呕吐腹泻、心血管系统疾病、贫血………………………8高血压、心力衰竭…………………………10代谢系统疾病、糖尿病、甲状腺机能亢进………………10痛风………………………11泌尿系统疾病、急性肾盂肾炎…………12泌尿系统疾病、慢性前列腺炎……………13生殖系统疾病、不孕……………………14避孕………………………15妇科疾病、妊娠呕吐、痛经………………16阴道分泌物、阴道出血…………………18儿科疾病、肺炎…………………………19猩红热、风疹……………20针灸科、协助病人戒烟、尿床……………21慢性鼻炎…………………22近视眼、颈椎关节僵硬……………………23神经精神科疾病、神经官能症……………25晕厥………………………26耳鼻喉科疾病、重听………………………27咽炎、过敏性鼻炎…………………………28皮肤科疾病、脱发………………………30神经性皮炎………………30第二部分奥运医学英语……………31急诊………………………32车祸伤员…………………34在泌尿科门诊……………36皮肤病……………………37看牙医……………………39肠胃不适…………………41在神经科门诊……………43在眼科门诊………………44看内科医生………………45看外科医生………………47看妇女病…………………49化验取样…………………51在放射科…………………53打针………………………55在收费处…………………57在取药处…………………58※医务人员常用语※1.WhatcanIdoforyou?(What'sthetroublewithyou?What'sthewrongwithyou?)你有什么事？2.MayIhelpyou?(CanIhelpyou?)我能帮你什么忙吗？3.Pleasetakeaseat!Pleasesitdown!请坐下。4.Waitamoment,please.Justaminute,please.MayItroubleyouafewminute?请等一等。5.Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。6.Itisnot(so)serious.病情不严重。7.Don'tworry.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.不必顾虑。8.Youneedathoroughexamination.你需要做一个全面检查。9.Youwillhavetostayinhospitalforseveraldays.你需要在医院里住几天。Wethinkthatyouhadbetterbehospitalized.我们认为你最好住进医院来。10.Youshouldstayinbedforafewdays.你需要卧床几天。11.Youcankeeponworking.Youcancarryonwithyourwork.你可以继续工作。12.Youshouldbeverycarefulforaweekortwo.这一两周内，你需要很注意。13.Trytorelaxandkeepcalm.尽量放松保持镇静。14.You'llsoonbeallright.你很快就会好起来。15.I'msurethismedicinewillhelpyouagreatdeal.这药对你肯定会很有效的。16.Feelingwellagainisaratherslowprocess,I'mafraid.恐怕痊愈将是一个很慢的过程。17.Youwillhavetowaitfortwentyminutes.你需要等20分钟。18.Completerecoverywilltakearatherlongtime.彻底恢复需要一段很长时间。19.Youwillhavetocomehereforperiodicalcheck-ups.你需要定期来门诊检查。20.Ifyoufeelworse,pleasecomebacktotheclinicrightaway.要是你觉得病加重了，就请马上来门诊。21.Ifyoufeelworried,don'thesitatetogototheclinicanytime,dayornight.你要觉得难受，无论白天黑夜都赶紧上医院看去。22.I'llcomerightaway.我马上就来。23.I'mgoingtomakearrangementsforyouradmission.我去给你安排住院。24.Pleasecomewithyourinterpreternexttime.下次请带翻译来？25.DoyouunderstandwhatI'msaying?你明白我的话吗？26.Isthereanythingelseyouwouldlikemetoexplaintoyou?你看在哪些方面还需要解释呢？27.ShallIexplainitagain?需要我再解释一遍吗？28.Ifthetroublepersistscomebackagain.要是情况还不见好，就请你再来门诊吧。29.Theredoesn'tseemtobeanythingserious,butwe'lltakeanx-rayjusttobecertain.不像有什么严重情况，但还是要拍张X线片肯定一下。30.Pleasewaituntilwegettheresultofthex-ray(bloodtest).请等一下，我们需要看一下X线片（验血）的结果。31.It'sdifficulttosayjustnowexactlywhat'swrong.现在还不好说是什么问题。32.Thisisquitecommonamongpeopleofyourage.在您这样岁数人当中，这可太寻常了。Thisoftenhappenstopeopleofyourage.这种情况经常发生在你这样岁数的人。Thisoftenoccursatyourage.这就经常出在你这种岁数上。33.Thiskindofillnessusuallyoccursamongpeoplewhoseworkrequiresalotofconcentration(whoundergoalotofstress)这种病通常发生在工作要求精神高度集中的（精神紧张的）人们当中。34.Isuggestyoudosomelightexercises.我建议你做些轻微的锻炼。Isuggestyouhaveacourseofacupuncture.我建议你做一个疗程的针灸。IsuggestyoutakeChineseherbs.我建议你吃中药。Isuggestthatyougetphysiotherapytreatment.我建议你作理疗。35.Iwouldliketotransferyoutothegynecology(surgery,dermatology,urology)我要将你转到妇科（外科、皮肤科、泌尿科）去。36.YourWBC(RBC,hemoglobin,urine,stool,sputum)shouldbechecked.你的白细胞（红细胞、血红蛋白、尿、大便、痰）需要检查一下。37.Asmearshouldbetaken.需要做个涂片。Acultureshouldbedone.需要做个培养。38.Pleasedon'teatanythingtomorrowmorningbeforebloodtest.明早查血以前不要吃东西。39.Pleasewaitfortheresultofyourhemoglobintest.请等一下你的血红蛋白化验结果。40.What'syourtrouble?你哪里觉着不好？41.Howlonghaveyoubeenfeelingunwell?你不舒服多久了？42.Whatmedicinedidyoutake?你吃的是什么药43.Haveyoutakenanymedicine?你吃过什么药吗？44.Didyoutakeyoutemperature?你试过体温吗？45.Doyousmoke(drink)?你吸烟（喝酒）吗？46.Haveyouanytemperature(acough,abadheadache)?你发烧（咳嗽，剧烈的头痛）吗？47.Haveyoueverhadjaundice(lowgradefever,anychronicailments,coldsweatsatnight,attacksofasthma)?你有过黄疸（发低烧，任何慢性病，夜间出冷汗，哮喘发作）吗？48.Doyousufferfromheartburnstomachaches(loosebowelmovements,chest你的胃有过烧心感（稀便、胸痛）吗？49.Doyouwanttohaveyourtoothextracted(toothfilled,dressingchanged,bloodpressurechecked)?你要拔牙（补牙、换药、量血压）吗？50.Letmeexamineyouplease.我给你检查一下。51.Pleasetakeofyourshoesandliedown.请脱鞋，躺下。52.Pleaseunbuttonyourshirtandloosenyourbelt.请解开上衣的扣子，松开腰带。53.Pleasetakeoffyourtrousers.请脱下裤子。54.Pleaselieonyourback(stomach,rightside,leftside).请仰卧（俯卧、右侧卧、左侧卧）。55.Pleasebendyourknees.请屈膝。56.Pleaserelax.请放松。57.Pleasebreathedeeply(normally).请深呼吸（正常呼吸）。58.Pleasestickouryourtongue.请伸出舌头。59.pleaseletmefeelyourpulse.让我摸摸你的脉搏。60.Letmetakeyourbloodpressure.我给你量一下血压。61.Pleaseliftyourleftleg(rightleg).请抬起你的左腿（右腿）62.Pleaseopenyourmouthandsay"Ah".请张开口说“啊”。63.Itisnormal(essentiallynormal).结果正常（基本正常）64.Haveyoueverreceivedanytreatmentbefore?你以前治过吗？65.Hasitgottenworse?情况变坏了吗？66.Hasithappenedbefore?这种情况以前发生过吗？67.Areyoufeelingbetter?你觉得好些了吗？68.Isthepaingettingless?疼痛减轻些了吗？69.Doesitstillhurt?还疼吗？70.Howlonghaveyouhadthispain?你从什么时候开始有这种痛的？71.Whatkindofpainisit?是什么样的痛72.Pleasetellmesomethingofyourpastillnesses.请告诉我你过去的病史。73.Isthereanybloodinyoustool(urine,sputum)?你的大便里（尿里，痰里）有血吗？※病人常用语※1.I'mnotfeelingwell.我觉得不舒服。2.I'mfeelingverybad.我觉得很不舒服。3.Idon'tfeelingmyselflately.我最近感到不舒服。4.Whatshall(should)Ido?我该怎么办？5.ShouldIstayinthehospital?我需要住院吗？6.Thepainseemsless.我的疼痛有些减轻。7.Willitgoawaybyitself(soon)?它能自然（很快）痊愈吗？8.WhenshallIcomeback?我什么时候再来？9.Willtherebearecurrence?这病会复发吗？10.Doesthismedicinehaveanyside-effects?这药有副作用吗？11..WhatkindoffoodshouldIeat?ShouldIhaveaspecialdiet?我应该吃什么样的饮食？我需要吃特别的饮食吗？12.Willsurgerybenecessary?需要做手术吗？13.Willittakelongtorecover?很久才能恢复吗？14.Isitallrighttomovearoundanddosomeexercises?可以在地上走走，锻炼锻炼吗？15.Isitserious?情况严重吗？16.Isthereanydanger?有危险吗？17.Whatcouldbethecause?可能是什么原因呢？18.WhatshouldIdoifIhaveanotherattack?我若是再犯，该怎么办呢？19.Isn'tthereanygoodmedicineforit?没有什么好药吗？20.Whatkindofmedicineisthis?这是一种什么药呢？21.Ihateinjections.CanItakethemedicineorally?我不喜欢打针，能吃些口服药吗？22.Canitbecured?能治好么？23.Willitgetworse?能变坏吗？24.Whatcoulditbe?可能是什么病呢？25.Whatdoyouthink?你认为怎样？26.Cananythingbedoneforthepain?对于这种疼痛，有没有办法呢？27.Whateveryousay.听从你的意见。28.Sincetwoorthreeweeks.听从你的意见。29.Aboutwhen?大约在什么时间？30.Isitcontagious?这病传染吗？31.Ifeeldizzy(feverish,shivery,sleepy,likevomiting,nauseous,itching,week,irritated)我感到头晕（发烧，发冷，发困，想吐，恶心，痒，虚弱，急躁）。32.Ihavepiles(aBadcough,adrycough,asorestomach,apaininthesmallofmyback).我有痔疮（剧烈的咳嗽，干咳，胃痛，腰背部痛）。※呼吸系统疾病※Cold（感冒）Doctor:Whatseemstobetheproblem?(Isthereanythingbotheringyou?)有什么问题吗？Patient:IthinkIhaveacold.我想我感冒了。D:Howlonghaveyoubeensick?您病了多久？P:Fortwodays.两天了。D:Whatsymptomsdoyouhave?您有些什么症状？P:IhavearunnynoseandIacheallover.流鼻涕，全身都痛。D:Doyouhaveafever?您发烧吗？P:Ihaven'ttakenmytemperatureyet,butIfeelfeverish.我还没试表，但是我觉得发烧。D:Doyouhaveacough?咳嗽吗？P:No,Idon't不咳嗽。D:Doyouhaveasorethroat?嗓子痛吗？P:Yes,mythroatfeelsswollen.It'ssore.是的，我觉得嗓子肿了，很痛。D:Iwanttolookatyourthroat.Openyourmouth.Pleasesay"Ah".我检查一下您的嗓子，请张开口说“啊”。It'sonlyacommoncold.Nothingtoworryabout.Youshouldrestforafewdays,I'llwriteyouacertificateforthreedays'leave.HereissomeChinesetraditionalmedicine,whichisveryeffectivefortreatingcolds.You'llbefineinafewdays.只不过是普通的感冒。不要紧的。您需要好好休息几天，我给您开个三天的假条。这是中药，治感冒很有效。我看用不了几天您就会好的。UpperRespiratoryTractInfection上呼吸道感染Parent:Mychildiscoughing,sneezingandhasarunningnose.我这孩子咳嗽，打喷嚏，流鼻涕。Doctor:Howlonghashebeenill?有几天了？P:Fortwodays.两天了。D:Doeshehaveatemperature?发烧吗？P:Yes,it's38℃发烧摄氏38度。D:Howmuchhashebeencoughing?Hasheanysputum?咳得厉害吗？有痰吗？P:Hehasabad,drycough,especiallyatnight.Hehasn'tbeensleepingwell.Sometimes,hehasvomitedaftercoughing.咳得厉害，是干咳，尤其在晚上，他睡不好，有时咳后就吐。D:Hasheasorethroat?嗓子疼痛吗？P:Yes.Hehasdifficultyineatingsolidfoods.Hecandrinkonlywater.嗓子疼，吃东西困难，只能喝水。D:Isanyoneelsealsoillinyourfamily?家里还有其他人得同样的病吗？P:Hissisterhaditfafewdaysago.前几天他妹妹也得了同样的病。D:Mostlikelyit'savirusinfection.很可能是病毒感染。I'llgiveyouaprescription.Thewhitetabletisforhisfever.Givehimonetablewhenhistemperatureisabove38℃，butnotmorethanonceeveryfourhours.Theothermedicineisforhiscough.Givehimoneteaspoonfulthreetimesaday.Ifheisworse,bringhimbackanytime.我给你开个处方。白色药片是退热的。若体温超过38℃，就给他吃一片，但必须隔4个小时以上才能再吃一次。另一种是止咳药水，每次一茶匙，一天三次。如不见好，随时带他来看。BronchialAsthma，AsthmaticBronchitis支气管哮喘，哮喘性支气管炎Parent:Mychildhasbeencoughingandwheezingforthreedays.Hehasn'tbeensleepingwellatnight.我的孩子又咳又喘已经三天了，同时他晚上总睡不好觉。Doctor:Isthecoughverybad?Muchsputum?Anytemperature?咳嗽的厉害吗？痰多吗？发烧吗？P:Hehasabaddrycough.Attheendofthecoughingspell,hehassomesputum..Hehasnotemperature.是干咳，但是咳得非常厉害。咳到最后咳出一些痰。他不发烧。D:Canhelieflat?Dohislipsappearblue?他能躺平吗？他的嘴唇发紫吗？P:Whentheattackissevere,hecan'tlieflat.Bothhislipsandnailsappearblue.在发作厉害的时候，他不能躺平。他的嘴唇和指甲都发紫。D:Hasheeverhadattackslikethesebefore?他以前有类似的发作吗？P:Hehashadthemfortwoyears.经常发作已经两年了。D:Canyoutellmewhatyouthinkhisattacksmayberelatedto?Cold?Specificfoods?Doeshehavemoreinaparticularseason?你能告诉我你以为他的发作和什么有关吗？寒凉？特殊食物？他在特定季节发作得频繁吗？P:Idon'tknowwhatcausesthem我不知道是什么原因引起的。D:Didheeverhaveasthmaticattacksinyourcountry?他在你们国内时喘过吗？P:Hehadsomeattacks,butnowheisgettingworse.Allthemedicinesgiveonlyatemporaryrelief.Canyousuggestsomething.在我们国家发作过几次，但是现在比以前重了。所以得药都只是暂时有效，你有什么更好得办法吗？D:Ithinkheisallergictosomething,andsoshouldbeexaminedintheallergyclinic.我想他是对什么过敏，最好去变态反应科去检查一下。※消化系统疾病※PepticUlcer消化性溃疡Patient:Ihaveapaininmystomach我胃疼。Doctor:Howlonghaveyouhadit?疼了多久？P:Ihavehaditoffandon(intermittently)forthepastthreeyears.Ithasbeenreallybadthesepasttwoweeks.断断续续已经疼了三年，近两周来疼的很厉害。D:Doyoufeelitonlywhenyourstomachisempty?是在肚子空的时候才觉得疼痛吗？P:Yes.AfterIeat,itgoesawayforawhile.是的，吃了东西以后疼痛缓解一会儿。D:Whendoyougetit?什么时候才疼呢？P:UsuallywhenIgetverynervous.Sometimesitwakesmeupinthemiddleofthenight.通常是在我兴奋激动时，有时半夜把我疼醒了。D:Whatkindofpaindoyouhave?是怎样一种疼痛？P:Itgivesmeaburningsensation.象烧灼一样地疼。D:Usuallyhowdoyougetrelief?平常您是怎样止疼的呢？P:AfterItakesomesodiumbicarbonate,thepaingoesawaytemporarily.在服小苏打后，疼痛可暂时缓解。D:Haveyouhadanynauseaorvomiting?你恶心呕吐过吗？P:Yes,occasionally.是的，有时候有。D:Areyourbowelsregular?Haveyouobservedyourstools?你大便正常吗？你注意过你的粪便吗？P:Iusuallyhavetogoonceeveryotherday.IwasveryworriedbecauselastnightIwenttwiceandthecolorwasblack(tarry).平常我隔日大便一次。昨晚我大便了两次，颜色还是黑（象柏油似）的，我很担心。D:Letmeexamineyourabdomen.Liedownonyourbakandbendyourkneesupplease.让我检查一下您的肚子，请仰躺，把腿卷起来。Itsoundslikeaduodenalulcer,butwehavetodosometests,andtakeanx-rayfirst,beforewecanbecertain.看起来象十二指肠溃疡，但需做一些化验和拍张X线片才能确诊。Youshouldhaveacompleterestandgiveyourstomachaslittleworkaspossible.Takeonlyfluids.Thereisnothingbetterthanboiledtepidmilktakenregularlyinsmallquantities.Inaddition,Iwillgiveyousomemedicine.Iftheblackstoolspersistoryourconditiongetsworse,comebacktothehospitalatonce.您应当彻底休息并尽量减轻胃的工作，应当吃流食。按时少量吃些煮过的温牛奶是最好不过了。此外，我还要给您一些药。如果持续有黑便或病情有恶化，就马上来看。P:Thankyou.I'llfollowyouradvice.谢谢您，我将遵嘱。Peptic-duodenalUlcer胃十二指肠溃疡Patient:MystoolshavebeenblackforthepasttwodaysandIfeelweak.这两天我大便发黑而且感到虚弱。Doctor:Havetheyeverbeenblackbefore?以前你的大便发黑过吗？P:No.Thisisthefirsttime.没有。这是第一次。D:Haveyouhadanypain?你感到有什么地方疼痛吗？P:Yes,inmystomach.是的，我胃痛。D:Howlonghaveyouhadit?你痛了多久？P:I'vehaditonandoffforthepasttwoyears,butitwasneverasbadasthisbefore.我好好坏坏疼了两年，但从来没有象这次那样疼过。D:Whendoyoufeelthepain?什么时间疼？P:Justaftermealsmystomachaches.Sometimenvomited.刚吃完饭就疼，有时还吐。NowIhaveitalmosteveryday.Itoftenawakensme2to3hoursafterIgotosleep.我几乎每天都疼，常常在夜间入睡两、三小时就把我疼醒了。D:Whatkindofapainisit?是什么性质的疼呢？P:likeheartburn.烧心样疼。D:Doesspicyfoodaffectif?辛辣食物会加重疼痛吗？P:Yes.It'softenworseafterIeatspicyfoodoronions.是的，吃了辛辣的食物或洋葱都加重疼痛。D:Doyouhavelesspainaftereating?吃东西后疼痛就缓和些吗？P:Yes,alittle.是的，稍缓和些。D:Didyouvomitsometimes?你吐过吗？P:Yes,Idid.吐过。D:Whatdidyouvomit,foodorblood?吐出的是什么东西，食物还是血？P:Foodwithalittleblood.食物和一点血。D:Whatwasthecoloroftheblood,redorblack?吐出的血是鲜红的，还是黑的？P:Likecoffee.象咖啡似的。D:I'llexamineyouabdomen.Liedownonyourbackandkoosenyouclothes.Pleasebendyourknees.Ithinkwe'dbettertakeax-rayfilmofyourgastrointestinaltract.Ithinkyou'vegotapepticulcer(duodenalulcer).I'llgiveyousomemedicine.Haveagoodrestathome.让我检查一下你的腹部。躺下，松开衣服请屈膝。我想我们最好照个胃肠X线片像。我看你得的是胃（十二指肠）溃疡。我要给你一些药。好好在家休息。P:IsthereanythingelseIshoulddo?还要注意些什么吗？D:Ifpossibleavoidallalcohol.Wheneveryouhaveanybleeding,comeimmediatelytothehospital.如果可能应戒酒，若再有出血马上到医院来。Yourproblemprobablycomesfromaduodenalulcer.Youaresufferingfromshockduetobleeding.Themedicinewehavebeenusinghasnotbeeneffectiveandsowefeelthatitisnecessarytoperformanoperation.你可能是十二指肠溃疡。你的休克是因失血引起的。我们用过许多药效果都不好。所以我们认为需要手术治疗。P:Doanythingyoufeelisnecessary,Doctor!医生，你认为需要就做吧！D:Iwouldliketotalkabouttheoperationwithyou.Theoperationmaybethebestwaytocureyou.However,therearecentaindangersinoperating,suchasthehazardsofanesthetics,oryoumaybeunabletowithstandthestressoftheoperation.Moreover,aftertheoperation,post-operativecomplicaionsmayoccur,suchasbleeding,infectionsorevencontinuedintestinalobstruction.我要和你谈谈手术的问题。手术也许是治疗的最好办法。但是手术也有一定的危险。如麻醉的危害或你的身体经受不住手术，同时手术后可能会出现并发症，如出血、感染，甚至持续肠梗阻。VomitingandDiarrhea呕吐和腹泻Parent:Mychildhasbeenvomitingfrequently.从什么时候开始的？一天大概几次？Doctor:Whendiditstart?Howfrequently?有十天了。一天吐五次左右。P:Itstartedaboouttendaysago.Hevomitsaboutfivetimesaday.他通常在什么时候吐？D:Whendoesheusuallyvomit?他通常在进食以后吐。P:Usuallyaftertakingfood.每次吐的量多还是少？D:Doeshevomitalargeorsmallamounteachtime?每次吐的不太多。P:Nottoomuch.每次吐的不太多。D:Ishisstoolnormal?大便正常吗？P:Yes.正常。D:Howabouthisappetite?他的胃口怎样？P:It'sgood.他的胃口是好的。D:Ishelosingweight?他的体重减轻了吗？P:No.Everythingelseseemstobeallright.没有。别的似乎都很正常D:Mostlikelythisisduetoimproperfeeding.Afterfeeding,thebabyshouldbehelderectoveryourshoulderandpattedgentlyontheback,sothatanyswallowedaircancomeout.Afterburpinghim,puthiminhiscriponhisrightsidewithhisheadslightlyraised.Ifheshouldvomit,youshouldturnhimontohissidewithhisfacedown,sohecan'tinhalehisvomit.他的呕吐看来是喂养不当。每次喂完奶，应该把孩子竖起来，靠在您的肩膀上，然后轻轻拍他的后背。这样吞咽的气可以排出来。让他打嗝以后，孩子应向右侧躺，头稍稍微抬起一点。如果他吐的话，应使他脸朝下，他就不致于把吐的东西吸进去了。D:Hashegotdiarrhea?他腹泻吗？P:Yesfortwodays.已经腹泻两天了。D:Howmanytimesaday?Isstoolwatery(veryloose,largeinamount)?Istherepus,bloodormucusinit?一天大便几次？是水样便（很稀，量很多）吗？里面有没有脓、血或粘液？P:Aboutfivetimesaday.Theyarequiteloosewithmilkcuredandundigestedfoodinthem.一天大约五次，很稀，还有奶瓣和不消化的食物。D:He'sprobablygotindigestion.Pleasestopallfoodexceptmilk.Trytogivehimalittlelessmilkthanusual.Now,I'llprescribesomemedicineforhim他大概是消化不良。请停用所有的辅食，只给他奶吃，要减少一点奶量，我给他开点药。※血液系统疾病※Anaemia贫血Patient:Ihavefeltweakrecently.TheselastfewdaysI'vefeltworse.Idon'tknowwhatisthematterwithme.我最近觉得乏力。这几天更重。我不知道出了什么问题。Doctor:Youlookverypale.I'llgiveyouathoroughcheck-up.你看起来很苍白。我给你详细检查一下。Now,firstofall,Iwouldliketohaveadetailedhistory.Howlonghaveyoufeltsick?现在，首先我想知道详细的病史。你病了多久了？P:I'mnotquitecertain.I'vebeenfeelingfatigued(tired)forayearorso.我不能肯定。我感到疲乏已经有一年左右了。D:Anyothercomplaints?Howisyourappetite?还有其他的不舒服吗？你的食欲怎样？P:Myappetite'sallright.Ijustfeeltired.Mylegsaresoweaksometimes,Ican'tevenclimbthestairs.Occasionally,Ifeelshortofbreathandgiddy.我的食欲还好。我只是感到疲劳。有时我的两腿特别无力，我甚至不能爬楼梯。有时候我觉得气短和头晕。D:Howareyourperiods?Aretheyveryheavy?你的月经怎样？量很多吗？P:Usuallytheylastaboutaweek.Theyseemheavy.Sometimesthereareclots.Duringmyperiod,Ifeelalotofpain.一般持续一周左右。量是很多的。有时有血块。在经期中我感到很痛。D:IwantyoutohaveabloodtestnowandI'llwaitfortheresult.我希望你作一次血液检查，我在这里等结果。Accordingtothebloodtest,youaresufferingfromanirondeficiencyanaemia,probablyduetoyourheavyperiods.根据血液检查，说明你得的是缺铁性贫血，可能和你的月经过多有关。P:WhatshouldIdo?我该怎么办呢？D:Iamgoingtoprescribesomeirontabletsforyou,whichshouldbetakenaftermealsortheywillspoilyourappetite.ThenIwouldlikeyoutoseeagynecologist.We'llmakeanappoint.mentfornextTuesdayat8:00A.M.我给你开一些铁的片剂，应在饭后服用，否则会影响你的食欲。另外我想你应去妇科检查一下，我们给你约在下周二早晨8点钟。※心血管系统疾病※Hypertension高血压Patient:Igetterribleheadaches.我头疼得厉害。Doctor:Whendidtheybegin?什么时候开始的？P:Aboutaweekago.大约一个星期前。D:Doesithelpifyoutakeaspirin?吃阿司匹林有效吗？P:No.Theyjustseemtogoawaybythemselves.无效。疼痛好像是自然缓解的。D:Haveyoueverhadthiskindofheadachebefore?您以前有过这样的头疼吗？P:Ihavehadheadachesoffandonforthelastfewyears,butnoneasbadasthis.近几年来我断断续续的头疼，但从来没有这次厉害。D:Hadyouvisitedadoctorbefore?Didhesayanythingaboutit?您以前看过医生吗？他说些什么没有？P:ThreeyearsagoIwenttothelocalhospitalforaswimmingcertificate.TheytoldmethatIfhadhypertension.三年前我去当地医院作游泳健康检查，医生告诉我我患有高血压。D:Haveyoueverhadswollenankles?您的脚腕肿过没有？P:NotthatIcanremember.我可不记得。D:Whatkindoftreatmentdidyouhaveinthepast?您以前曾做过什么治疗？P:Itook"reserpine"occasionally.我有时吃“利血平”。D:Letmetakeyourbloodpressure.让我量一下您的血压。It's200over120.That'smoderatelyhigh.Iwouldlikeyoutodoaurinalysis,bloodureanitrogentest,chextx-rayandelectrocardiogramexamination您的血压是200/120，中等度升高，我要给你作尿的常规化验血的血尿素氨化验，还要照X线胸片和做心电图检查。Youshouldhaveagoodrest,avoidnervoustensionorstress,andgiveupsmokingandalcohol.Inaddition,I'llgiveyousomemedicine.您应该好好休息，避免精神紧张或思想负担，忌烟酒。此外我要给你些药。Comebackagainnextweekfortheresultsandanothercheckofyourbloodpressure.一周后来复诊看化验结果和复查血压。HeartFailure心力衰竭Doctor:Whatistroublingyou?我觉得怎不舒服？Patient:Ihavegreatdifficultyincatchingmybreath.Myheartisbeatingveryfast.我呼吸很困难，心跳得很快。D:Whendidyoubegintonoticethesesymptoms?您什么时候发现这些症状的？P:Well,fiveyearsagoinaroutinecheck-upmyschooldoctortoldmethatIhadhearttrouble.Butisdidn'tbothermeandIcouldcarryonasusual.Aboutthelasttwoyears,IhavenoticedwhenIclimbstairsmyheartbeatsfasterandIhavetostopandcatchmybreath.五年前在常规体格检查时校医告诉我我得心脏有问题。但是我毫无不适，能照常活动。最近两年我发现上楼梯时心跳得很快，并且不得不停下来喘气。D:Howmanypillowsdoyouusewhenyousleep?您睡觉时用几个枕头？P:Two.Iusedtoneedonlyone,butsincelastyearIhadtoaddanother.两个，我这一生都是睡一个枕头，但自从去年起，我必须增加一个。D:Doyoueverhavetosituptocatchyourbreathatnight?你夜里得坐起来呼吸吗？P:Yes.Thishasbeenhappeninginthepast2or3days.是的，这是近两三天来才发生的。D:Didyouevernoticeanyswellinginyourankles?您发觉过您脚脖子浮肿吗？P:Yes,recentlyitoccurredintheafternoonanddisappearedthenextmorning.是的，最近每天下午脚脖子浮肿，第二天早晨就消失了。D:Lieonthebedplease.I'llexamineyou.请躺在床上，我给您检查一下。I'llgiveyouanEKGandachestx-ray.我要给您作一个心电图再作一个X线胸部检查。Itseemsyouhadbetterbehospitalized.看来您最好还是住院。P:Isitthatbad?有那么严重吗？D:No,itisnotveryserious,butIdon'twanttotakeanyrisks.You'llbeallrightsoon.不，情况不很严重。可是，还是小心点好。您很快就会好的。※代谢系统疾病※Diabetes糖尿病Patient:RecentlyI'vebeenfeelingverythirstyandpassingalotofurine,Isthereanywrongwithme?最近我总觉得口渴和尿量很多。是有了什么毛病吧？Doctor:Howisyouappetite?Howdoyoufeelotherwise?你的胃口怎么样？一般健康状况好吗？P:I'velostweightdespitemygoodappetite,andIfeelweakallthetime.尽管我的食欲很好，我的体重还是减轻了。我整天觉得很疲劳。D:Letmeexamineyoururine.Youmayhavediabetes.我给你检查一下尿吧。很可能你得了糖尿病。P:Whatisthat?Canitbecured?这是什么意思？糖尿病能够治愈吗？D:Diabetesisachronicdiseaseduetopoorfunctioningofthepancreas.Itupsetsthemetabolismofsugar,fatandprotein.Rightnow,itcan'tbecured,butitcanbecontrolledsothatyoucanenjoylifeandfeelwell.Youshouldsticktoaspecialdietandavoidsugarandsweets.糖尿病是一种慢性病，由于胰腺功能不良引起。它使糖、脂肪喝蛋白质的代谢发生异常。目前还没有治愈办法。但是可以被控制，因此你能生活得很愉快。你应坚持控制饮食，不吃糖和甜食。P:CanIsmoke?我能吸烟吗？D:Smokingisharmfultoanyone'shealth.Bettergiveitup.吸烟对任何人都是有害的。我劝你戒烟。P:CanIdrinkalcohol?我能饮酒吗？D:Inmoderation.Asyouknowalcoholcontainscaloriesandmustbecountedinyourmealplan.可适当喝一点。你知道酒精能增加热卡，因此必须计算在你的食谱之内。P:HowcanIkeeptoagooddiet?我怎样才能保持一个良好的饮食方案呢？D:Youshouldlearnasmuchasyoucanaboutdiabetes,haveyoururinetestedregularly,sticktoyourdiet,takeyourmedicineandhavesomeregularexercise.Thenyoucanliveafull,usefulandmeaningfullife.你应当尽量学习一些有过糖尿病的知识，定期检查你的小便。坚持食谱中的规定，按时服药。要有定量的运动。于是你能生活得美满、有益和有意义。Hyperthyroidism甲状腺机能亢进Patient:I'measilymovedtoangerwiththeonsetofpalpitationforthepasttwomonths.近两个月来我净爱发火并且心慌。Doctor:Haveyoubeenfeelingthiswaybefore?以前有过这样感觉吗？P:No,thishasbeenhappeningforthepast2monthsonly.没有，这只是近两个月才发生的事。D:Haveyoulostanyweightrecently?你最近体重减少了吗？P:Yes,Ihave,inspiteofincreasedintakeoffood,Ilost10poundsinweightoveraperiodof2months.是的，尽管我饭量增加，但两个月来我已掉了10磅。D:Doyousleepwell?你睡得好吗？P:Ihavebeensufferingfrominsomnialately.我近来一直失眠。D:Haveyoubeensweatingasmuchasyouusuallydo?你最近出汗和往常一样多吗？P:Mysweatinghasincreasednotably.Ijustcan'tstandwarmweatheratall.我比原先汗出得多了。我简直耐受不住热天。D:Allright,wouldyoupleasegetundressednow?Letmeexamineyou.Now,swallow,please.好的，请脱下衣服好吗？我检查一下。现在请做一个吞咽动作。Therearesometestsyou'llhavetogetdoneandwe'llseeyouinoneweek.Atthattimewe'llstartonadefinitetherapyforyoucondition.你还得做些试验，一周后再来。那时我们要开始对你的病进行确切的治疗。P:Thankyou,Doctor,buttellmewhat'swrongwithme?谢谢你，医生。请告诉我我得了什么病。D:Isuspectthatyoumighthavehyperthyroidism.Takethispapertotheofficethenursewillarrangeatimeforyoutohavesomethyroidfunctiontestsmade.我估计你得了甲状腺机能亢进病。拿这些化验单到办公室去，护士会给你安排时间，做一些甲状腺机能的检查。(afterafewdays)Theresultsofthethyroidscanningandprotein-bound-iodineshowthatyouhavehyperthyroidism.(Thethyroidscanningrevealsthatthemoduleofthyroidisa"cold"nodule,thatmeansnonfunctional,youjusthaveagoiter.)根据甲状腺扫描和蛋白结合碘检查结果说明你得了甲状腺机能亢进病。（甲状腺扫描发现甲状腺结节是“冷结节”，也就是无功能的，你正是得了甲状腺肿。）P:Cansomethingbedoneaboutit?有什么办法治吗？D:Ithinkasubtotalthyroidectomyisnecessary.我想需要做个甲状腺次全切除术。P:Theoperationwillmakeascaronmyneck,won'tit?手术会在我颈部留下瘢痕吗？D:Yes,I'mafraidso.是，会留下的。P:Isthereanywaytoavoidsurgery?Ifpossible,Iwouldrathernothavesurgery.有什么方法能避免手术吗？如果可能的话，我不想做手术。D:Ofcourse,antithyroiddrugs,suchaspropylthiouracilandtapazoleareusedtocontrolthesymptoms.Theiradvantagesaretheavoidanceofasurgicalprocedurewithitsattendantrarecomplicationsofrecurrentnerveparalysisorhypoparathyroidism,andreducedcost.Butthemajordisadvantagesofthemedicaltreatmentarethetimerequiredtogaincontrolofthediseaseandthediseaseisratherpronetorecuraftertreatment.However,thedrugtherapyalsohassomesideeffectssuchasskinrash,fever,peripheralneuritis,andpolyarteritis.当然，抗甲状腺药物如丙硫氧嘧啶和他巴唑可以控制症状。它们得优点是：免得动手术，并防止由之引起的罕见并发症，如喉返神经麻痹或甲状腺机能减退等，而且费用低廉。但是药物治疗的主要缺点是控制疾病需要较长时间。治疗之后，很容易复发。况且药物疗法还有副作用，比如皮疹、发烧、末梢神经炎和多动脉炎。P:Thankyou,Doctor.Letmediscussitwithmyhusband,thenwe'lldecidewhattochoose.谢谢你，医生，请让我跟我丈夫商量一下后，我们再决定采取什么办法。Gout痛风Patient:Doctor,I'veaterriblepaininmyfoot.医生，我的脚疼得厉害。Doctor:Nowtellmeexactlywhatiswrong?请告诉我确切情况。P:Isuddenlybegantofeelaseverepaininthejointofthistoe.我突然感到这个脚趾的关节很疼。D:Canyoudecribethepain?你能描述一下是怎么疼法吗？P:Itfeelslikeared-hotknifestabbingmytoe.好像烧红的刀子在我拇趾上戳一样。D:Howlonghaveyouhadit?疼多久了？P:Sincelastmidnight.IthurtsomuchIcouldn'tsleepatall.ThismorningIsawthattheskinwasred,hotandswollen.从昨晚半夜开始。疼得我睡不着觉。今天早晨患趾表面的皮肤又红，又热又肿。D:Haveyouhaditbefore?(Doesthisoftenhappen?)以前有过这样情况吗？（经常发作吗？）P:No.Thisisthefirsttime.It'sneverhappenedbefore.这是第一次，以前从来没有疼过。D:Haveyounoticedanylumpsonyourear?你是否注意过你耳朵上有小肿块？P:No.没有。D:Doyoudrinkalot?你酒喝得多吗？P:Yes,Idrinkoften.是的，经常喝。D:Doyoueatalotofmeat?肉吃得多吗？P:Yes,Ilovemeat.是的，我喜欢吃肉。D:Hasanyoneinyourfamilyhadthesametrouble?你家里有人得过这种病呢？P:Yes,myfatherandmyelderbrother.Theydiedtenyearsago.有，我父亲和我哥哥都有过这样的疼