职称英语考试理工B试题答案解析

年职称英语考试理工B试题答案解析一、词汇选项。下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）1.【题干】Therevelationofhispastledtohisresignation.【选项】A．imaginationB．disclosureC．confirmationD．recall【答案】B2.【题干】Jensenisdangerousman,andcanbeverybrutal.【选项】A．carelessB．cruelC．strongD．hard【答案】B3.【题干】You'llhavetosprintifyouwanttocatchthetrain.【选项】A．jumpB．escapeC．runD．prepare【答案】C4.【题干】Weareworriedaboutthisfluidsituationfullwithuncertainty.【选项】A．changebleB．stableC．suitableD．adaptable【答案】A5.【题干】Thenewgarmentfitsherperfectly.【选项】A．haircutB．purseC．clothesD．necklace【答案】C6.【题干】Thephobiamayhaveitsrootinachildhoodtrauma.【选项】A．fearB．joyC．hurtD．memory【答案】C7.【题干】Theyhavebuiltcanalstoirrigatethedesert.【选项】A．decorateB．waterC．changeD．visit【答案】B8.【题干】Heroveralllanguageproficiencyremainsthatofatoddler.【选项】A．disabledB．pupilC．teenagerD．baby【答案】D9.【题干】Thecoastalareahasverymildwinter,butthecentralplainsremainextremelycold.【选项】A．warmB．severeC．hardD．dry【答案】A10.【题干】Thedetailsofthecostumeweretotallyauthentic.【选项】A．realB．outstandingC．creativeD．false【答案】A11.【题干】Weareawareofthepotentialproblems.【选项】A．globalB．possibleC．ongoingD．central【答案】B12.【题干】Theideawasquitebrilliant.【选项】A．positiveB．cleverC．keyD．original【答案】B13.【题干】Stockmarketpricetumbledafterrumorofariseininterestrate.【选项】A．regulatedB．increasedC．maintainedD．fell【答案】D14.【题干】Thecoursegivesyoubasicinstructionincarmaintenance.【选项】A．coachingB．ideaC．termD．aspect【答案】A15.【题干】Allhouseswithin100metersoftheseasareatriskofflooding.【选项】A．indangerB．outofcontrolC．betweenequalsD．inparticular【答案】A二、阅读判断。下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）TheTheoryofEveryoneIfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2017,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanhisdoctorsexpected.Whenhewasacollegestudent,doctorsdiscoveredthathehadararedisease.Thisdiseasecausesagradualdisintegration（分解）ofthenervecellsinthebraincellsthatregulatevoluntarymuscleactivity.Deathalmostalwaysoccurswithintwoorthreeyears.TodayStephenHawkingcannotwalkorspeak.Hecannotmovehisarmsorhishead.Hecannottasteorsmellanything.AndyetthismanisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity,apositionheldbythefamousscientistIsaacNewtonin1669.HawkingisoftendescribedasthegreatestscientistsinceAlbertEinstein,buttotheworldoutsidescience,heisalsoknownasthemanwhomadescientifictheoryunderstandable.Hisbook,ABriefHistoryofTime,hassoldovereightmillioncopies.Hesaysthatsincehedoesnothavetothinkabouthisbodyordoanyofthethingsothermenhavetoworryabout,suchaswashingthecarorworkingintheyard,hecandedicateallofhistimetothinking.Thisputshimintheperfectpositiontofindtheanswertothequestionthathehasdedicatedhislifeto.Hisquestionis:Isthereacompletetheoryoftheuniverseandeverythinginit?Despitehistremendousphysicaldisabilities,hehasalreadymadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesabouttheoriginoftheuniverse,howtheuniverseholdstogether,andhowitwillprobablyend.Hehasalsobeenabletoexplainthesecretsof“blackholes”inspace.Nowheislookingforasetofrulesthateverythinginouruniversemustobey.HecallsittheTheoryofEverything.Hethinksthatsomeonewillhavefoundtheanswerwithinthenext20years.IfStephenHawkingisabletofindhisTheoryofEverything,hewillhavegiventheworldtheopportunitytounderstandthingsthatwillchangethewholenatureofscienceandprobablyalsothewaywelive.IfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2017,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanhisdoctorsexpected.16．【题干】StephenHawkingwillbe50yearsoldby2017.A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned【答案】B17．【题干】StephenHawkingsuffersfromararebraindisease.A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned【答案】A18．【题干】StephenHawkingisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned【答案】A19．【题干】ABriefHistoryofTimeisverydifficultforstudentstounderstand.A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned【答案】B20．【题干】StephenHawkinghasmuchtimetothinkbecausehedoesn'thavetowork.A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned【答案】A21．【题干】StephenHawkinghasspentaroundtenyearsexplainingthesecretsofA．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned【答案】C22．【题干】TheTheoryofEverythingisabouttherulesthateverythingintheuniversefollows.A．RightB．WrongC．Notmentioned【答案】A三、概括大意与完成句子。下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）Geothermal（地热）Energy1Sinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearth'scenterflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma（岩浆）.Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearth'ssurface.Itoftenremainswellbelowtheearth'ssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearth'ssurfacewhereitwillappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayerofimpermeable（不可渗透的）rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.Ifgeothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityingeothermalpowerplants.2.Afewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-stemreservoirswhichproducesteambutlittleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytoday.3.Mostcurrentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeither"flash"steamplantsorbinary（双重的）plants.Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300°to700°Fahrenheit.Thiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthepressureoftheundergroundreservoir,it"flashes"orboilsintosteamAgain,theforceofthissteamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.4.Areservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300°Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutitcanstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinbinaryfluid.Thesteamfromthisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.23.【题干】Paragraph1_____【选项】A．DrysteamplantsB．BinaryplantsC．OriginofgeothermalenergyD．GenerationofelectricityE．FlashsteamplantsF．Recyclablewaterandsteam【答案】C24【题干】Paragraph2_____【选项】A．DrysteamplantsB．BinaryplantsC．OriginofgeothermalenergyD．GenerationofelectricityE．FlashsteamplantsF．Recyclablewaterandsteam【答案】A25【题干】Paragraph3_____【选项】A．DrysteamplantsB．BinaryplantsC．OriginofgeothermalenergyD．GenerationofelectricityE．FlashsteamplantsF．Recyclablewaterandsteam【答案】E26【题干】Paragraph4_____【选项】A．DrysteamplantsB．BinaryplantsC．OriginofgeothermalenergyD．GenerationofelectricityE．FlashsteamplantsF．Recyclablewaterandsteam【答案】F27.【题干】Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder_____.【选项】A．theenergytoturnaturbineB．impermeablerockC．oneortwoseparatorsD．turbineoperatorE．littleornowaterF．hotsprings【答案】B28.【题干】Adry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith_____.【选项】A．theenergytoturnaturbineB．impermeablerockC．oneortwoseparatorsD．turbineoperatorE．littleornowaterF．hotsprings【答案】E29.【题干】Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough_____.【选项】A．theenergytoturnaturbineB．impermeablerockC．oneortwoseparatorsD．turbineoperatorE．littleornowaterF．hotsprings【答案】C30.【题干】Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto_____.【选项】A．theenergytoturnaturbineB．impermeablerockC．oneortwoseparatorsD．turbineoperatorE．littleornowaterF．hotsprings【答案】A四、阅读理解。下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）SmartWindows1.Windowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricityuseforlighting,butthelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenotsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedgetechnology.Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweeneasily.2."Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,"saysClaesGranqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden."It'scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworldtofeelwell."So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey'restuckindoors.3.Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyandtemperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit'shotandsunny,sunlightstreamsin.Allofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andallofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing（使人清新的）,actuallysuckupenormousamountsofelectricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.4.Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overtheyears,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing（用玻璃覆盖）,andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastepfurther.Theyusesomechromogenic（发色的）technologiesinvolvingchangesofcolor.5.Electrochromic（电致色的）windowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheetofglasscoatedwiththinlayersoftungstenoxide（氧化钨）worksabitlikeabattery.Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisappliedanddarkwhenthechargeisremoved,thatis,whentheamountofvoltage（电压）isdecreased,thewindowdarkensuntilit'scompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark.6.Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasortof"memory".Allittakesisasmallshockofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromonestatetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.Transitionstakefrom10secondstoafewminutes,dependingonthesizeofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmartwindowscouldmeanthatmassiveairconditioningsystemsmaynolongerneed."Inthefuture,"Granqvistsays,"ourbuildingsmaylookdifferent."31.【题干】WhichofthefollowingvaluesofwindowsisNOTmentioned?【选项】A．Theyletlightintobrightenthehouse.B．Theyletlightintoheatthehouse.C．Theyletushavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworld.D．Theyletusthinkabouttheoutsideworld.【答案】D32.【题干】Theexpression"whenitcomesto"inParagraph3isusedto_____.【选项】A．signalthearrivalofaguest.B．indicatetherecoveryofconsciousness.C．showourunderstandingofsomething.D．introduceanewaspectofatopic.【答案】D33.【题干】AccordingtoParagraph4,smartwindowsarethewindowsthat_____.【选项】A．arecosted.B．areglazed.C．haveseverallayers.D．canchangecolor.【答案】D34.【题干】Whichparagraphgivesanaccountofthewayelectrochromicwindowschanging?【选项】A．Paragraph5.B．Paragraph3.C．Paragraph4.D．Paragraph6.【答案】A35.【题干】Asmartwindowsissmartmainlybecause_____.【选项】A．itcanchangeitssize.B．itcanchangeitsstructure.C．itcanchangethevoltageofelectricity.D．ithasasortofmemory.【答案】DSportsStarYaoMingIfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.At2.26m,heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)andholdstherecordasthemosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGames.Butwhatreallystandsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity（名气）.Few,ifany,Chineseathletesareaswell-knownasYaoaroundtheworld.PeopleacrosstheglobearefascinatedwithYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess（杰出的才能）alsoforbeingasymbolofinternationalcommerce.WhenYaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdraft（选抜），hewasthefirstinternationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.Hisassetsonthecourtareclearenough—noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful（难对付的人）foropponentsoneitherendofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRocketsorganizationishisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotentialbasketballfansinChina.WhenitwasannouncedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseasonandpossiblytheOlympicswithastressfracture（骨折）inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudder（震动）spreadacrossChina.Afterconsiderabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethisfootsurgicallytreatedinanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,toofferhisoverburdenedfootmoresupport.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthoughtheestimatedfour-monthrecoveryperiodwillleavehimlittletimetopreparewithTeamChina,YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijingOlympics.Yaowrappedupa10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocessWesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM'sbenefitsalthoughnewresearchfromtheUniversityofRochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfishmayindeedstimulatebonerepair."ThereisnoreasontodismissTCM,"YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing."It'sbeenusedinourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idon'tthinkthatit'sshortonscience."

36.【题干】Theword"towering"inParagraph1means_____【选项】A．large.B．fat.C．tall.D．great.【答案】C37.【题干】OpponentsfinditverydifficulttocontrolYaoMingbecauseofhis_____【选项】A．mobility.B．assault.C．defense.D．celebrity.【答案】A38.【题干】YaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCMtreatmentsbecause_____【选项】A．hisrightfoothadbeenhurting.B．hewantedtomakeamorerapidrecovery.C．thesurgicaloperationhadbeenafailure.D．hecouldn'taffordallthemedicalexpenses.【答案】B39.【题干】WhichstatementaboutYaoMingisNOTtrue?【选项】A．HemissedtheAthensOlympics.B．HeisanNBAplayer.C．Hefracturedhisleftfoot.D．Heisaninternationalfigure.【答案】A40.【题干】Ingeneral,theWesternexperts'attitudetowardsTCMis_____.【选项】A．indifferent.B．positive.C．negative.D．doubtful.【答案】DCanyouhearThis?Whensomethingcreatesasoundwaveinaroomoranauditorium,listenershearthesoundwavedirectlyfromthesource.Theyalsohearthereflectionsasthesoundbouncesoffthewalls,floor,andceiling.Thesearecalledthereflectedwaveorreverberant（反射的）sound,whichcanbeheardevenafterthesoundisnolongercomingfromthesource.Thereverberationtimeofanauditoriumisdeterminedbythevolumeorinteriorsizeoftheauditorium.Itisalsodeterminedbyhowwellorhowpoorlythewalls,ceiling,floor,andcontentsoftheroom(includingthepeople)absorbsound.Thereisnoidealreverberationtime.Becauseeachuseofanauditoriumcallsfordifferentreverberation.Speechneedstobeunderstoodclearly:thereforeroomsusedfortalkingmusthaveashortreverberationtime.Thefull-soundperformanceofmusicsuchasWagneroperasorMahlersymphoniesshouldhavealongreverberationtime.Thelight,rapidmusicalpassagesofBachorMozartneedareverberationtimesomewherebetween.Acousticproblemsoftenarecausedbypoorauditoriumdesign.Smooth,curvedreflectingsurfacescreatelargereflections.Parallel（平行的）wallsreflectsoundbackandforth,creatingarapid,repetitivepulsingeffect.Largepillars（柱）andcornerscancauseacousticshadowsasthesoundwavestrytopassaroundtheobject.Someoftheseproblemscanbesolvedbyusingabsorbersandreflectorstochangethereverberationtimeofaroom.Forexample,hanginglargereflectors,calledclouds,overtheperformerswillallowsomesoundfrequenciestoreflectandotherstopasstoachieveapleasingmixtureofsound.41．【题干】Thispassageismainlyabout_____A．soundwavesandtheireffects.B．thetypesofmusicorchestrasplay.C．wallsofanauditorium.D．thedesignofanauditorium.【答案】D42．【题干】WagneroperasandMahlersymphonieswithfull-soundeffecthave_____A．ashortreverberationtime.B．anintermediatereverberationtime.C．noreverberationtime.D．alongreverberationtime.【答案】D43．【题干】Thispassagesuggeststhatagoodauditoriumshould_____A．getridofallreflections.B．nothaveabsorbers.C．achieveapleasingmixtureofsound.D．havesmoothsurfaces.【答案】D44．【题干】Largepillarsandcornersmay_____A．makesoundrichandfull.B．becuresforsoundproblems.C．besourcesofsoundproblems.D．functionaseffectivelyasclouds.【答案】C45．【题干】Theword"acoustic"inthelastparagraphhassomethingtodowith_____A．performance.B．sound.C．audience.D．weather.【答案】B五、补全短文。下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson'smindandemotions.Beforemoderntimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.__E__（46）TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionofaperson'swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud's.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.__F__（47）Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson'sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.__C__（48）Domhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.__A__（49）Thisisnottrueofwomen'sdreams.Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodernandtraditionalones.Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestionindifferentways.__D__（50）Thedreammayhavemeaning,butitdoesnotmeanthatsometerribleeventwillactuallytakeplace.It'simportanttorememberthattheworldofdreamsisnottherealworld.A．Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.B．Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.C．Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.D．However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.E．Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.F．Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.

六、完型填空。下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）WarmerclimatewillbaketropicalbugsGlobalwarmingcouldcooktropic