Unit 4 Grammar and usage 课件-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

SectionBGrammarandusageVocabulary011.pressureunderpressure在压力下reducepressure减轻压力putsb.underpressure置某人于压力之下putpressureonsb.给某人施加压力be/comeunderpressuretodosth.面临做某事的压力air/water/bloodpressure气压/水压/血压thepressuresofwork工作压力pressvt.按；压；催促，敦促练习：Somepeopleworkbetter_________pressure,somoderate(适度的)pressuremaybehelpful.under2.contributecontribute...to...向……捐赠；为……撰稿contributetosth/doingsth造成/促成某事；是……的原因之一contributionn.贡献；捐款；投稿makeacontributionto(doing)sth对……做出贡献contributorn.投稿人；捐款人；作出贡献者练习：Wehopeyoursuggestionwillcontributeto__________(solve)theproblem.solving3.memoryinmemoryof纪念……frommemory根据记忆beyondone'smemory某人记不得in/withinone'smemory在某人记忆中short-termmemory短时记忆memorizev.记住，记忆练习：Hefoundedthecharityinmemory________hislatewife.of4.attackanattackof...……的发作be/becomeunderattack受到袭击/抨击makeanattackon...攻击……attackern.攻击者练习：Howwilltheyreactwhentheattackersget___________(attack)?attacked5.amountalarge/smallamountof+不可数名词大量的/少量的……（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）large/smallamountsof+不可数名词大量的/少量的……（作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式）theamountof+不可数名词……的数量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）练习：Largeamountsofmypocketmoney________(be)spentbuyingnewbookslastyear.were6.scheduleaheadofschedule提前onschedule按时间表，准时behindschedule落后于预定计划bescheduledfor预定；安排bescheduledtodosth预计做某事练习：Thetrainis_________schedule.You'llhavetowaitanotherfifteenminutes.behind7.negativefeel/soundnegative感觉/听起来消极becomenegative变得消极anegativeview消极的观点anegativeimage负面的形象haveanegativeattitudeto/towards对……持消极的态度haveanegativeeffecton对……有不良影响练习：Thisactuallyreflectedthatthemanheldanegativeattitude_________life.to/towardsLeadingin02PartAwakingupenoughsleeppressurelightpollutionconcentratingoverweightslowsdownsuffers...

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down…ExploringtherulesSummary·Therelativeadverbwherereferstoaplace,therelativeadverbwhenrefersto(1)

,andtherelativeadverbwhyrefersto(2)________.·InmoreformalEnglish,therelativeadverbswhere,whenandwhycanbereplacedby"preposition+(3)

".timeareasonwhichGrammar03关系副词引导的限制性定语从句定语从句也可以由关系副词（relativeadverbs）when，where，why引导，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。when引导定语从句的用法01（1）当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time，moment，day，year，month，week，period等），且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。（2）when可以换成"介词+which"。Winteristhetimeofyearwhen(=inwhich)thedayisshortwhilethenightislong.冬天是一年中昼短夜长的时候。Sheislookingforwardtothedaywhen(=onwhich)herdaughterwinsagoldmedalattheOlympics.她盼望着她的女儿在奥运会上赢得金牌的那一天。注意：当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。Doyoustillrememberthedays(that/which)wespenttogetheronthefarm?你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）where引导定语从句的用法02（1）当先行词是表示具体地点的名词（如place，room，mountain，airport等）或表示抽象地点的名词（如case，state，condition，point，situation等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。TheschoolwherehissisterworksisakeymiddleschoolinJiangsuProvince.他姐姐工作的那所学校是江苏省的一所重点中学。Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们已经到了需要做出改变的地步。Hegetsintoasituationwhereitishardtotellwhatisrightorwrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。（2）where可以换成"介词+which"。Thisisthehotelwhere(=inwhich)theystayed.这就是他们待过的那个旅馆。注意：当先行词为表示地点的名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.他的父亲在一家制造收音机零件的工厂里工作。辨析：比较where引导的定语从句和状语从句①where引导定语从句时，为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where可以换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。Isthereashoparoundwhere(=inwhich)wecanbuysomefruit?附近有没有一个商店可以让我们在里面买些水果？②where引导状语从句时，为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where不能换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.（谚）有志者，事竟成。Weshouldgowhereweareneeded.我们应该到需要我们的地方去。why引导定语从句的用法03（1）当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。（2）why可以用forwhich来代替。Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)heleftinahurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。注意：若先行词为reason，且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。Thereasonthathetoldmeyesterdayisalie.昨天他告诉我的理由是个谎言。Exercise041.WhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse________Iwouldbestaying.2.Thetown_________wevisitedlastmonthistheone_________thefamouspainterwasborn.3.Tonywillneverforgetthosedays_______helivedinChinawithhismother,whichhasagreateffectonhislife.4.Thereason________hewaslatewasthatsomethingwaswrongwithhisbikeontheway.wherewhich/thatwherewhenwhy5.Isthisthereason__________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?6.Hewrotealetter_________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.7.It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.8.Itwasthemiddleofthenight________myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.that/whichwherewherewhenFinishB1①Ididnotperformwellatschoollastweek.Thereasonwasmypoor-qualitysleep.②Thosewerethedays.Iusedtosleepreallywellinthosedays.ThereasonwhyIdidnotperformwellatschoollastweekwasmypoor-qualitysleep.ThereasonforwhichIdidnotperformwellatschoollastweekwasmypoor-qualitysleep.ThosewerethedayswhenIusedtosleepreallywell.ThosewerethedaysinwhichIusedtosleepreallywell.③Thehospitalisnearmyhome.Ivisitedadoctorforadviceonsleepproblemsinthathospital.④Istillrememberthatafternoon.ThatafternoonIfellasleeponthe