土木工程专业英语常用词汇

PartIV：CommonlyUsedProfessionalTermsofCivilEngineeringdevelopmentorganization建设单位designorganization设计单位constructionorganization施工单位reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土pile桩steelstructure钢构造aluminiumalloy铝合金masonry砌体（工程）reinforced~配筋砌体load-bearing~承重砌体unreinforced~非配筋砌体permissiblestress(allowablestress)容许应力plywood胶合板retainingwall挡土墙finish装修finishingmaterial装修材料ventilation通风natural~自然通风mechanical~机械通风diaphragmwall(continuousconcretewall)地下持续墙villa别墅momentofinertia惯性矩torque扭矩stress应力normal~法向应力shear~剪应力strain应变agehardening时效硬化air-conditioningsystem空调系统(air)voidration（土）空隙比albery壁厨，壁龛almery壁厨，贮藏室anchoragelength锚固长度antiseismicjoint防震缝architecturalappearance建筑外观architecturalarea建筑面积architecturaldesign建筑设计fiashing泛水workability(placeability)和易性safetyglass安全玻璃temperedglass(reinforcedglass)钢化玻璃foamedglass泡沫玻璃asphalt沥青felt(malthoid)油毡rivetedconnection铆接welding焊接screwedconnection螺栓连接oakum麻刀，麻丝tee三通管tap存水弯esthetics美学formwork模板（工程）shoring支撑batching配料slipformconstruction(slipforming)滑模施工lfit-slabconstruction升板法施工massconcrete大体积混凝土terrazzo水磨石constructionjoint施工缝honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面piledfoundation桩基deepfoundation深基本shallowfoundation浅基本foundationdepth基本埋深padfoundation独立基本stripfoundation条形基本raftfoundation筏基boxfoundation箱形基本BSMT=basement地下室lift电梯electricelevatorliftwell电梯井escalator自动扶梯Poisson’sratio泊松比μYoung’smodulus,modulusofelasticity杨氏模量，弹性模量Esafetycoefficient安全系数fatiguefailure疲劳破坏bearingcapacityoffoundations地基承载力bearingcapacityofapile单桩承载力two-way-reinforcement双向配筋reinforcedconcretetwo-wayslabs钢筋混凝土双向板singlewayslab单向板windowblind窗帘sunblindwindload风荷载curing养护watertightconcrete防水混凝土whitecement白水泥separatingofconcrete混凝土离折segregationofconcretemortar砂浆~joint灰缝pilaster壁柱firerating耐火级别firebrick耐火砖standardbrick原则砖terracotta琉璃瓦mosaic马赛克ceramicmosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramicmosaictileceramictile瓷砖rubblewall毛石墙marble大理石,大理岩granite花岗石,花岗岩ready-mixedconcrete商品混凝土，预拌混凝土realestate房地产reinforcementbar钢筋veinforcementmeal,reinforcingbar,reinforcingsteelreinforcementcover混凝土保护层reinforcementmat钢筋网,reinforcingmeshreinforcingratio配筋率reinforcementpercentagereinforcingwork钢筋工程residentialbuilding居住建筑rigidfoundation刚性基本roof屋顶，屋盖，屋面;roofboard屋面板;roofgarden屋顶花园roofliveload屋面活荷载rusticterrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石sandcushion砂垫层saw-toothskylight锯齿形天窗scaffold脚手架sill窗台siltysoil粉质土singledoor单扇门doubledoor双扇门singlereinforcemen单筋tslidingdoor推拉门slidingwindow水平推拉窗staircase楼梯间stairrail(ing)楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手stairstep楼梯踏步stairstring(er)楼梯梁stairclearance楼梯净空高度stairheadroomsteelforms钢模板storeroom贮藏室structuraldrawings构造图softsubstratum软弱下卧层sunlouver遮阳板supportingblock支座supportinglayer持力层tensilereinforcement受拉钢筋tensilesteel,tensionreinforcementterraceroof平屋顶thermalinsulation隔热throughventilation穿堂风timberstructure木构造woodstructuretoilet盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池tracingpaper描图纸lawn草坪treatmentofelevation立面解决drawingboard绘图板triaxialcompressiontest三轴压缩实验tubularsteelscaffolding钢管脚手架uniformlydistributedload均布荷载unnotchedbar光面钢;threadbar螺纹钢筋urinal小便池，小便斗，小便槽valley天沟ventilatingskylight通风天窗waterproofbarrier防水层aquatardTerzaghibearingcapacitytheory太沙基承载力理论Terzaghiconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论foundationtreatment地基解决foundationpressure基底压力span跨度specificgravity比重quicklime生石灰,氧化钙hydratedlime熟石灰,消石灰hydration水化作用plasterofParis熟石膏portlandcement波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,一般水泥portlandblastfurnaceslagcement矿渣水泥portlandfly-ashcement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥portland-pozzolanacement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥gas-foamingadmixture发泡剂retardingadmixture缓凝剂water-reducingagent减水剂air-entrainedagent加气剂slump坍落度water-cementratio水灰比w/carchitecturallighting建筑采光,建筑照明architecturalperspective建筑透视图architecturalsection建筑剖面图architecturalspecifications建筑规范architecturalworkingdrawing建筑施工图architecturesketch建筑草图arcwelding电弧焊stressconcentration应力集中multistoriedbuilding多层建筑settlementoffoundation地基沉降tensilestrength抗拉强度compressivestrength抗压强度bendingstrength抗弯强度constructionmaterial建筑材料buildingmaterialcontinuousbeam持续梁towercrane塔式起重机,塔吊SPT=standardpenetrationtest原则贯入度实验wallbetweentwowindows窗间墙stability稳定性stress-straincurve应力-应变曲线stress-straindiagram应力-应变图damp-proofcoating防潮层osmosis渗入osmoticco-efficient渗入系数osmoticpressure渗入压力finiteelementmethod有限单无法finite-differencemethod有限差分法finiteslicemethod条分法deformation变形displacement位移allowablebearingcapacity容许承载力totalanddifferentialsettlement总沉降量和沉降差Mohr’scircleofstress摩尔应力圆snowlaod雪(荷)载bentreinforcementbar弯起钢筋bentsteel弯起钢筋bent-upbar弯起钢筋bid投标，标书bidcall招标bidopening开标biddingsheet标价单bidprice出价，投标价格bindingreinforcement绑扎钢筋blockingcourse檐口墙，女儿墙parapet(wall)bloodwood红木redwoodbricklintel砖砌过梁brickmasonrystructure砖石构造BRKT=bracket牛腿buildingheight建筑高度buildingindustrialization建筑工业化building-infitting预埋件buildinglaw建筑法buildingline建筑红线buildingmodule建筑模数buildingorientation建筑物朝向buildingpermitsforconstruction建筑施工执照buildingequipment建筑设备buildingphysics建筑物理buildingrubble建筑垃圾buildingstormsewer房屋雨水管built–incupboard壁厨cablestructure悬索构造cable-supportedconstruction悬索构造canopy雨篷cast-in-placeconcrete现浇混凝土cast-in-situconcrete现浇混凝土caterpillarcrane履带式起重机cavitybrick空心砖cavitywall空心墙ceiling顶棚，吊顶，天花板cementfloor水泥地面cementmortar水泥砂浆center-to-center中心距(中到中间距)chain-pullswitch拉线开关cromatics色彩学cityplanning都市规划civilarchitecture民用建筑civilbuilding民用建筑civilengineering土木工程claybrick粘土砖clerestory天窗clerestorywindows高侧窗closet盥洗室，厕所，卫生间coatedglass玻璃幕墙glasscurtainwallcollapsibleloess湿陷性黄土slumpingloesscollartiebeam圈梁combinationbeam组合梁combinationconstruction混合构造shearwall剪力墙shearstrength抗剪强度transom（门上旳）亮子bar棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋beam梁framework框架truss桁架staticallydeterminate~静定桁架staticallyindeterminate~超静定桁架elasticity弹性plasticity塑性stiffness刚度fiexibility挠度bendingmoment弯矩~diagram弯矩图~envelope弯矩包络线influenceline影响线aggregate骨料coarse~粗骨料fine~细骨料admixture外加剂concretemixer混凝土搅拌机paint油漆density密度viscosity粘度，粘滞性geology地质earthpressure土压力active~积极土压力coarsesand粗砂;mediumsand中砂;finesand细砂artificialdaylight人工采光artificialillumination人工照明artofarchitecture建筑艺术seismaticdesign抗震设计backview背立面balcony阳台balustrade栏杆，扶手bambooscaffolding竹脚手架bandiron扁铁，扁钢barcutter钢筋切断机barlist钢筋表barspacing钢筋间距baseboard踢脚板basicmodule基本模数BC=buildingcode建筑法规beam-and-columnconstruction梁柱构造（框架构造）beam-and-girderconstruction主次梁梁格构造beam-and-slabconstruction梁板构造beamwithoneoverhangingend悬臂梁cantileverbeam,overhangingbeambeamwithsimplysupportedends简支梁simplebeam,simple-supportedbeam,simplysupportedbeambeamwithfixedends固端梁bendingstiffness弯曲刚度bendingstrength抗弯强度bendingstress弯曲应力bendbar弯起钢筋，弯筋commemorativearchitecture纪念性建筑commercialbuildings商业建筑物,商业房屋compactedfill压实填土,夯实填土compactedsoil压实土compactionbylayers分层填土夯实compactionbyrolling碾压compactionbyvibration振动压实compartmentation隔断completionacceptance竣工验收completiondate竣工日期compressionbar受压钢筋compressionsteel受压钢筋concealedwork隐蔽工程conductor水落管constructionadministration施工管理constructionaldrawing施工图,构造图constructionandinstallationwork建筑安装工程constructioncompany建筑公司constructioneconomics建筑经济constructionindustry建筑(工)业constructioninprocess在建工程constructionmanagementplan施工组织设计constructionperiod施工工期constructionsite施工现场creep徐变,蠕变crosswall横墙darkroom暗室designdevelopmentphase技术设计阶段designscheme设计方案detaildrawing详图,大样图,细部图developmentarea开发区digestiontank化粪池septictank,sewagetankdistributedload分布荷载distributingbars分布钢筋distributionreinforcement分布钢筋BL=deadload恒载,自重doglegstair双折楼梯halfturndomesticbuilding居住房屋,住宅doorwindow落地窗dormitory宿舍downspout雨水管,落水管drainspout,fallpipe,leaderpipe,rainconductor,rainleader,rain-waterleaderdripline滴水线dunny厕所,盥洗室earthquakeintensity地震烈度earthquakeload地震荷载earthquakeresistantdesign抗震设计earthwork土石方工程earthworkquantity土方工程量eave屋檐effectivedepth有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度enameledtile琉璃瓦,釉面砖engineeringgeologicalprospecting工程地质勘探expandedjoint伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkagejoint,temperaturejointfactorybuilding厂房figuredglass图案玻璃,压花玻璃patternedglassfixedwindow固定窗flatskylight平天窗flexiblefoundation柔性基本floorload楼面荷载floorplan楼屋平面图floor-to-ceilingheight楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高floor-to-floorheight楼面至楼面高度storyheight层高farmedsteel型钢shape(d)steelfoundationbeam基本梁foundationbed基本垫层gable出墙~wallgalvanizediron镀锌铁皮,白铁皮generalarrangementdrawing总体布置图,总平面图generallayout总平面图,总体布置glassfiberreinforcedplastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢gluedboard胶合板gravel砾石;~cobble卵石pebblegravel,pebblestonegroundengineering地基工程groundfloorplan底层平面图groundwatersurface地下水位phreatic(water)surfacegutter明沟,天沟rain-gutter檐沟,天沟hair麻刀hempmixedsand混合砂mechanicsofmaterials材料力学theoreticalmechanics理论力学elasticmechanics弹性力学structuralmechanics构造力学architecturalmechanics建筑力学fracturemechanics断裂力学soilmechanics土力学rockmechanics岩石力学fluidmechanics流体力学abrasivefloor防滑地板acceleratedcement快凝水泥accelerator促凝剂，速凝剂acceptanceofhiddensubsurfacework隐蔽工程验收acceptanceoftender得标acceptanceofworksubelements分项工程验收accesseye打扫孔，检查孔accesshole检修孔accessplate检修孔盖板accordionshades折叠式活动隔断，屏风acid酸alkali碱acousticalinsulation隔声redcray红粘土adamicearthadhesivebitumenprimer冷底子油administrationoftheconstructioncontract施工合同管理aerialledder消防梯non-bearingwall非承重墙non-loadbearingwallnormfordetailedestimates预算定额normforpreliminaryestimates概算定额normforestimatinglaborrequirements劳动定额normforestimatingmaterialrequirements材料定额openditch明沟opentrenchoutsidefinish外装修partion隔壁,~screen隔断peashingle豆砾石，绿豆砂pipelinegas管道煤气plastichinge塑性铰plinth(wall)