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UNIT3THEINTERNETSectionAListeningandSpeakingSectionBReadingandThinkingSectionCDiscoveringUsefulStructuresSectionDListeningandTalking,ReadingforWriting&AssessingYourProgressUNIT3THEINTERNETSectionAL1核心词汇
词汇一chatvi.&n.聊天;闲聊
◆教材原句chatonline在网上聊天◆要点必记chatabout谈论chatabouttheaffair/weather闲聊某事/闲聊天气chatwith/to与……闲聊haveachatwithsb.(aboutsth.)与某人闲聊(某事)friendly/fine/pleasantchat友好/愉快地交谈chatshow(电台或电视台)现场采访节目achatabout/oversth.聊某事 题组练·领悟方法核心词汇 题组练·领悟方法2◆单句语法填空(1)Theysatwaiting,chatting
nothinginparticular.(2)Hechatted
hisfriend
thecharityconcertwhichwastobeheldthenextweek.(3)Wehad
nicechatoveracupoftea.(4)[词汇复现]When
(chat)withothers,heusesdifferentidentitiesandavatars.◆单句写作(5)She
happily
(与……聊天)herfriendalltheway.(6)[词汇复现]Iespeciallyliketo
(与……闲聊)myfriendsandfamily.Bytheway,what’syourfavouriteapp?
aboutwith/toaboutachattingchattedwithhaveachatwith◆单句语法填空aboutwith/toaboutachat3重点句式句式一Itdepends.视情况而定。
◆要点必记It/That(all)depends.视情况而定。dependonsb.todosth.指望某人做某事dependonsb.doingsth.指望某人做某事dependonsb.forsth.依靠某人获得某物dependonit请放心(常用于句首或句末)dependonitthat...相信……dependonhow/what/whether-clause取决于……◆单词积累dependentadj.依赖的,依靠的 dependencen.依赖,依靠independentadj.独立的 independencen.独立 重点句式4◆单句语法填空(1)Idepend
youtoholdacelebrationparty.(2)Theproject’ssuccessdepends
thesupportofeveryoneconcerned.(3)Youmaydependon
thatyourparentswillhelpyou.◆单句写作(4)Inmyopinion,youcan
(指望汤姆完成工作).(5)Whetherwecangoforapicnic
(取决于天气).(6)Youcan
(相信)heissuretohelpyou.
ononitdependonTomtofinishtheworkdependsontheweatherdependonitthat◆单句语法填空ononitdependonTomto5UNIT3THEINTERNET
SectionBReadingandThinkingUNIT3THEINTERNET
SectionB6核心词汇
词汇一convenientadj.方便的;近便的
◆教材原句TherearecountlessarticlestellingushowtheInternethasmadeourlivesmoreconvenient.有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。◆要点必记Itisconvenient(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事方便。Sth.isconvenientforsb./sth.某事对……来说是方便的。...isconvenientfor/to...……离……近。
题组练·领悟方法核心词汇 题组练·领悟方法7◆词语积累conveniencen.方便forconvenience为方便起见forone’sconvenience为方便某人atone’sconvenience在某人方便时inconvenientadj.不方便的inconveniencen.不方便◆误区警示sb.isconvenient(×)it’sconvenientofsb.todosth.(×)it’sconvenientforsb.todosth.(√) ◆词语积累8◆单句语法填空(1)[词汇复现]Whenyoudon’thaveanycashonyou,it’s
(convenience)topayonline.(2)Wehaveprovidedseatsforthe
(convenient)ofourcustomers.(3)Thisbookshopiscloseandconvenient
thebusstop.(4)
isconvenientforyoutotakeaplanebecausethere’saregularbustotheairport.(5)Thesemealscanbepreparedinadvance,andserved
yourconvenience.
convenientconveniencefor/toItat◆单句语法填空convenientconveniencefo9◆单句写作(6)Ifit
(对……方便)you,IwillvisityounextTuesday.(7)Scientificandtechnologicaldevelopmenthas
(让人们的生活更加方便).(8)
(为方便起见),theGermantranslationisprintedbelow.isconvenientformadepeople’slivesmoreconvenientForconvenience◆单句写作isconvenientformadepe10词汇二update(1)vt.更新;向……提供最新信息
(2)n.更新;最新消息
◆教材原句Wecangetthemostupdatedinformationfromlargedatabases.我们可以从大数据库中获得最新的信息。◆要点必记updatesb.onsth.向某人提供最新信息updateone’sknowledge更新某人的知识anupdatededition最新版本anewsupdate最新新闻报道 词汇二update(1)vt.更新;向……提供最新信11◆单句语法填空(1)Icalledtheofficetoupdatethem
theday’sdevelopments.(2)It’simportantforthefigures
(update)regularly.(3)[词汇复现]Thisappkeepsyou
(update)onallyourfavouritetopics.◆单句写作(4)Teachershavetoconstantly
(更新他们的知识)inordertomaintaintheirprofessionalcompetence.
ontobeupdatedupdatedupdatetheirknowledge◆单句语法填空ontobeupdatedupdated12词汇三stuckadj.卡住;陷(入);困(于) ◆教材原句Atage50,shefoundherselfoutofworkandstuckathomewithonlyhercomputertokeephercompany.50岁时,她发现自己失业了,只能待在家里,只有电脑陪伴。◆要点必记(1)get/bestuckin陷入……中,困在……中be/getstuckinthetraffic遭遇交通阻塞bestuckinthemud陷入泥里(2)stickto坚持(to为介词)sticktoone’sdream坚持梦想sticktohisword履行诺言 词汇三stuckadj.卡住;陷(入);困(于) 13◆单句语法填空(1)InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained
(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud. (2)[2014·浙江卷]Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,whenIwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuck
thebranchesofatree.(3)Goodopinionsareworthsticking
becausetheycanbenefitusall.◆单句写作(4)I
(遭遇堵车).Asaresult,Iwaslateforworkthismorning.
stuckintogotstuckinthetraffic◆单句语法填空stuckintogotstuckint14词汇四pany陪伴某人
◆教材原句Atage50,shefoundherselfoutofworkandstuck
athomewithonlyhercomputertokeephercompany.50岁时,她发现自己失业了,只能待在家里,只有电脑陪伴。◆要点必记incompanywith...与……一起keepcompanywith...与……结交◆词语积累companyn.同伴,陪伴→accompanyv.陪伴→companionn.同伴accompanysb.toaplace陪伴某人去某地beaccompaniedby由……陪伴 词汇四pany陪伴某人 15◆单句写作(1)Whileyourparentsareaway,I’llstayhereand
(陪着你).◆单句语法填空(2)Lastweekendsheaccompaniedherfriend
theconcert.(3)[2015·福建卷]Childmust
(accompany)bytwopayingadults.(4)ThePrimeMinister,
(accompany)bythegovernor,ledthePresidentuptothehouse.
keepyoucompanytobeaccompaniedaccompanied◆单句写作keepyoucompanytobeacc16词汇五benefit(1)n.益处;利益(2)vt.使受益vi.得益于
◆教材原句SherealisedthatoneofthegreatestbenefitsoftheInternetwasitsabilitytoremovethedistance
thatusuallyexistsbetweenpeople.她意识到互联网最大的好处之一是它能够消除人们之间通常存在的距离。◆要点必记beofbenefitto...对……有益forthebenefitof...为了……的利益benefitsb./sth.对某人/某事有益benefitfrom/by...得益于……,从……中受益◆词语积累beneficialadj.有益的,有利的,有帮助的bebeneficialto对……有益 词汇五benefit(1)n.益处;利益17◆单句语法填空(1)Actually,thesebooksare
greatbenefittothestaff.(2)Everyonebenefited
limitingtheirintakeofteatojustthreeorfourcupsaday.(3)Readingis
(benefit)toallofus.(4)Walkoutdoorsregularlyforsunshineisbeneficial
everyone.◆一句多译(5)骑自行车既健康又环保。Cycling
healthandtheenvironment.Cycling
healthandtheenvironment.Cycling
healthandtheenvironment.
offrom/bybeneficialtobenefitsisofbenefittoisbeneficialto◆单句语法填空offrom/bybeneficialtobe18词汇六distancen.距离
◆教材原句SherealisedthatoneofthegreatestbenefitsoftheInternetwasitsabilitytoremovethedistancethatusuallyexistsbetweenpeople.她意识到互联网最大的好处之一是它能够消除人们之间通常存在的距离。◆要点必记(1)inthedistance在远处(距离很远)at/fromadistance从远处,离一段距离(不是很远) atadistanceof...隔多远,在多远处withinwalkingdistance在步行距离之内词汇六distancen.距离 19(2)keepone’sdistance(from...)(与……)保持距离keepsb.atadistance与某人保持一定距离;不愿与某人亲近(3)distantadj.遥远的;疏远的bedistantfrom...离……远 (2)keepone’sdistance(from...20◆单句语法填空(1)Shefoundthatthemanwasfollowingher
adistance.(2)OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactual___________(distant)isonly20miles.(3)Annlikestokeeppeople
adistance. ◆单句写作(4)Theoilpaintinglooksmuchbetter
(从远处).(5)Whentravellinghere,visitorsalwaysseemountainscoveredbywhitesnow________________(在远处).atdistanceatat/fromadistanceinthedistance◆单句语法填空atdistanceatat/froma21词汇七inspirevt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考
◆教材原句ShewassoinspiredbythepeopleshemetonlinethatshedecidedtostartanITclubtoteacholderpeoplehowtousecomputersandtheInternet.她深受网友的启发,决定成立一个IT俱乐部,教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。◆要点必记inspiresb.todosth.激励某人做某事inspiresb.withsth.鼓励某人……inspiresth.insth.激起某人某种情感◆词语积累inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的inspirationn.灵感;鼓舞 词汇七inspirevt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考 22◆单句语法填空(1)Thecaptain’sheroiceffortinspiredthem
determination.=Thecaptain’sheroiceffortinspireddetermination
them.(2)Hisspeechwasso
(inspire)thathisstudentswereinspired
(study)harderthaneverbefore.(3)[词汇复现]
(inspire)bymygoodfriend,Iintendedtostudyabroad.(4)Comeon!Let’sgivesupportand
(inspire)toeachother.
withininspiringtostudyInspiredinspiration◆单句语法填空withininspiringtostudy23◆单句写作(5)[词汇复现]Ifsomeoneorsomething
(鼓舞你做)somethingneworunusual,theymakeyouintendtodoit.(6)她的话激发了我的信心。Herremarks
confidence.=Herremarks
me.inspiresyoutodoinspiredmewithinspiredconfidencein◆单句写作inspiresyoutodoinspi24词汇八nowthat既然;由于 ◆教材原句Nowthatheworksandcantakecareofhimself,hisdaughterhastimetostudyatuniversity.现在他工作了,可以照顾自己了,他女儿有时间上大学了。◆要点必记nowthat引导原因状语从句,在口语中常省略that。◆误区警示nowthat,since,because,as引导原因状语从句时,主句前不能再加so。 词汇八nowthat既然;由于 25◆单句写作(1)[词汇复现]
(既然你已经下载了软件),whynotinstallitimmediately?(2)Yououghttohaveagoodrest
(既然你已完成了工作).(3)
(经你一提),Idorememberthatphotograph.(4)
(既然你得到了一个机会),you’dbettermakefulluseofit.
Nowthatyouhavedownloadedthesoftwarenowthatyou’vefinishedtheworkNowthatyouhavementionedNowthatyougetachance◆单句写作Nowthatyouhavedownloa26词汇九access(1)n.通道;(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会(2)vt.进入;使用;获取
◆教材原句...makesurethateveryonehasaccesstotheInternet...……确保每个人都能上网…… ◆要点必记haveaccessto可以获得/接近/使用gain/getaccessto到达;接近;使用theaccessto……的通道;……的机会◆词语积累accessibleadj.可进入的;可使用的beaccessibleto容易接近的;容易进入的 词汇九access(1)n.通道;(使用、查阅、接近27◆单句语法填空(1)[2016·天津卷]Itwasreallyannoying;Icouldn’tgetaccess
thedatabankyouhadrecommended. (2)Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitis
(access)tokids.◆单句写作(3)[词汇复现]He
(使用)freeWi-Fi,whichmakesitconvenientforhimtowritehisblogs.(4)
(……的唯一方法)theharbourisbyhelicopter.
toaccessiblehasaccesstoTheonlyaccessto◆单句语法填空toaccessiblehasaccess28词汇十gothrough(1)经历,经受(2)仔细检查,审查,通读(3)用完,耗尽(4)(法律、合同等正式)通过
◆教材原句Whenyougothroughtough
times...当你经历艰难时期时……◆要点必记goahead走在前面;继续说(做);可以,请吧goonwith继续做某事goagainst违背;违反goby(时间)过去;遵循词汇十gothrough(1)经历,经受(2)仔细检29goup上升godown下降,下跌goover仔细检查;复习;回顾goout出去;(火、灯)熄灭goinfor爱好;从事◆一言助记Hewentthroughalotofthingsinhislife.Astimewentby,somebecamememories.Nowhegoesinforwritingandhehasgonecrazyaboutit.Atthemomentheisgoingoverhispastexperiencesandisgoingtowriteashortstory,whichdoesn’tgoagainsthiswill.他一生中经历了许多事情。随着时间的流逝,有些变成了回忆。现在他从事写作,而且已为之痴迷。此刻正在重温自己过去的经历,准备写一篇不违背自己意愿的短篇小说。 goup上升30◆写出句中gothrough的意思(1)[词汇复现]Theauthorhasgonethroughsomanyhardshipsthathehaswrittensuchagoodblogpost.________________________
(2)Youmustgothroughyourpapersbeforeyouhandthemin.________________________(3)Theyspentseveraldaysgoingthroughallrelatedmaterials.________________________(4)Shehasgonethroughallhersavingsinordertohelpasickchild
_______________________(5)Thebilldidn’tgothrough.________________________
经历,经受仔细检查,审查详细研究用完,耗尽(法律、合同等正式)通过◆写出句中gothrough的意思经历,经受仔细检查,31◆单句语法填空(6)—MayIopenthewindowtoletinsomefreshair?—Go
.(7)Thingswillgetbetterastimegoes
.(8)Anyonewhogoes
naturewillbepunished.(9)—Theprofessorhasdonesomeresearchonwildplantsfor20years.—Oh!Hemusthavegone
alotofdifficulties!(10)Moststudentsinourclassgoin
outdooractivities.(11)Thepriceofgoodsisgoing
.Thatistosay,thingsarebecomingexpensive.(12)Allthelightswent
suddenlybecauseofanelectricityfailure.(13)Tomorrowtherewillbeamathstestforus.Ihavetogo
mylessonsnow.
aheadbyagainstthroughforupoutover◆单句语法填空aheadbyagainstthroughfo32词汇十一toughadj.(1)艰难的,棘手的(2)严厉的,强硬的(3)坚固的;结实的
◆教材原句Whenyougothroughtoughtimes...当你经历艰难时期时…… ◆要点必记gettoughwithsb.对某人采取强硬/严厉措施betoughonsb.对某人严厉(=behardonsb.)alotoftoughquestions许多棘手的问题atoughtime/toughtimes困难时期atoughpairofshoes一双结实的鞋子 词汇十一toughadj.(1)艰难的,棘手的(233◆单句语法填空(1)Itistimetogettough
drunkendrivers.(2)Agoodbossknowswhentobetough
hisemployees.◆单句写作(3)Thereportersasked
(许多难以回答的问题).(4)Thecompanyis
(经历一段困难时期)atthemoment. withonalotoftoughquestionsgoingthroughatoughtime◆单句语法填空withonalotoftoughqu34重点句式句式一现在分词(短语)作后置定语
◆教材原句TherearecountlessarticlestellingushowtheInternethasmadeourlivesmoreconvenient.有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。◆句法分析tellingus...是现在分词短语,作后置定语,修饰articles。 重点句式35◆要点必记(1)作定语的分词如果是单个分词,要放在所修饰的名词之前;如果是分词短语,则放在所修饰的名词之后。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.中国是一个发展中国家。(前置定语)Themanstandingthereisanauthor.站在那里的那个人是一名作家。(后置定语)(2)一般来讲,现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的含义,而过去分词表示被动的、已经完成的含义。◆要点必记36(3)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时,不表示被动,只强调完成;不及物动词的现在分词作定语时,强调动作正在进行。它们一般都放在所修饰的名词之前。fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在落下的树叶therisensun已升起的太阳therisingsun正在冉冉升起的太阳 (3)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时,不表示被动,只强调完成37◆单句语法填空(1)Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit
(grow)onhisownfarm.(2)HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,
(study)foradegreeincomputerscience.(3)[2013·陕西卷]Thewitnesses
(question)bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.(4)[2014·山东卷]There’sanotepinnedtothedoor
(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(5)[2014·浙江卷]AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse
___________(appoint)toguardher.(6)Itisoneofthefunniestthings
(find)ontheInternetsofarthisyear.grownstudyingquestionedsayingappointedfound◆单句语法填空grownstudyingquestioned38(7)Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps
(borrow)fromthelibrary.(8)Thenextthinghesawwassmoke
(rise)frombehindthehouse.(9)Lookoverthere—there’saverylong,windingpath
(lead)uptothehouse.(10)Recentlyasurvey
(compare)pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(11)TsinghuaUniversity,
(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(12)Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife
(say)shehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.(13)[2012·江西卷]Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter____________(offer)himit.
borrowedrisingleadingcomparingfoundedsayingoffering(7)Mrs.Whiteshowedherstud39句式二with复合结构
◆教材原句Atage50,shefoundherselfoutofworkandstuckathomewithonlyhercomputertokeephercompany.50岁时,她发现自己失业了,只能待在家里,只有电脑陪伴。◆要点必记with复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”常在句中作状语,表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有:(1)with+宾语+形容词(2)with+宾语+副词(3)with+宾语+现在分词(表示主动或正在进行) 句式二with复合结构 40(4)with+宾语+过去分词(表示被动或已经完成)(5)with+宾语+动词不定式(表示尚未发生)(6)with+宾语+介词短语◆学法点拨with复合结构在句中还可作定语。Doyouknowtheladywithababyinherarms?你认识那个抱着婴儿的女士吗? (4)with+宾语+过去分词(表示被动或已经完41◆单句语法填空(1)Withallthework
(finish),theyhurriedbackhomeforlunch.(2)Withalotofproblems
(settle),Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.(3)Themanagercameinwithhisassistant
(follow)him.(4)Ayoungladycameuptome
someliteraturebooksinherhand.(5)Theoldmanwalkedinwithastick
hishand.finishedtosettlefollowingwithin◆单句语法填空finishedtosettlefollow42◆用with复合结构完成句子(6)
(有很多事情需要处理),Ican’tgoonholiday. (7)Doyouknowthelady
(怀里抱着一个婴儿)?(8)Wecompletelysolvedtheproblem
(很多科学的方法被使用).(9)
(随着大气污染日益严重),thegovernmentneedstocomeupwithsomeeffectivemeasurestodealwithit.WithsomanythingstodealwithwithababyinherarmswithmanyscientificmethodsusedWithairpollutiongettingworse◆用with复合结构完成句子Withsomanyth43句式三疑问词+不定式
◆教材原句A59-year-oldmanlearnthowtoapplyforworkonlineandfoundagreatjob.一名59岁的男子学会了如何在网上申请工作,并找到了一份好工作。◆要点必记(1)可用于“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的疑问代词有who,whom,what,which;疑问副词有when,where,how。该结构相当于一个由疑问词引导的名词性从句,在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。(2)常接“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的动词有know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,explain,learn,wonder等。 句式三疑问词+不定式 44◆单句写作(1)Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteach
(如何快速阅读).(2)
(何时何地投票)hasn’tbeendecided.(3)Thequestionis
(如何拆卸这台机器).(4)Wehaven’tdecided
(谁来寻找那幅丢失的画).(5)Icouldn’tdecide
(要买哪辆自行车).(6)
(什么时候装修房子)hasn’tbeendecided.
howtoreadfastWhenandwheretovotehowtotakeapartthemachinewhotosearchforthemissingpaintingwhichbicycletobuyWhentodecoratethehouse◆单句写作howtoreadfastWhenand45UNIT3THEINTERNET
SectionCDiscoveringUsefulStructuresUNIT3THEINTERNET
SectionC46核心词汇
词汇一function(1)n.功能;作用;机能(2)vi.起作用;正常工作;运转
◆教材原句They’vebuiltakindofnewPCwithmorefunctions.他们制造了一种功能更多的新电脑。◆要点必记functionas起……作用;具有……功能functionwell/normally运转良好/正常perform/fulfilla...function履行……职责,发挥……作用 performavarietyoffunctions履行多种职责thefunctionoftheheart心脏的功能 题组练·领悟方法核心词汇 题组练·领悟方法47◆单句语法填空(1)[词汇复现]Wehavedevelopedanewtypeofsoftwarewithmany
(function).◆单句写作(2)Althoughtheelectricitywascutoff,thehospitalcontinuedto
(正常运转).(3)Thechaircanalso
(具有……功能)abed. (4)Inyournewjobyouwill
(履行多种职责).functionsfunctionnormallyfunctionasperformavarietyoffunctions◆单句语法填空functionsfunctionnorma48词汇二confirmvt.确认;使确信
◆教材原句HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?你确认Wi-Fi密码了吗?◆要点必记confirmsb.insth.使某人确信某事confirmsb.inone’sbelief/opinion/view/suspicions证实某人的信念/观点/看法/怀疑confirmthat...证实……Ithasbeenconfirmedthat...已确定……词汇二confirmvt.确认;使确信 49◆词语辨析confirm与prove·confirm和prove均可作及物动词,后接宾语;·prove还可作连系动词用,意为“证明是,被发现是”,后接形容词或名词作表语,常用固定搭配是prove(tobe)+adj./n.。 ◆词语辨析50◆单句语法填空(1)Icalledtheairport
(confirm)myflightreservationaweekbeforeIleftforBeijing.◆单句写作(2)
(已经确定)themeetingwilltakeplacenextweek.(3)Hisfacialexpression
me
(使……确信)mydoubt.(4)Tooursatisfaction,ourunderwaterexplorations
(证实)thetheoryturnsouttobecorrect.◆辨析填空(confirm/prove)(5)Youneedn’t
thetruthofthenews,whichhas
true.toconfirmIthasbeenconfirmedthatconfirmedinconfirmthatprove/confirmproved◆单句语法填空toconfirmIthasbeen51词汇三pressvt.(1)按;压(2)敦促
◆教材原句Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?你按下按钮复制文件了吗?◆要点必记press...against/on...把……按在……上pressabutton/switch/key按下按钮/开关;按键◆词语积累pressuren.压力;劝说,强迫underpressure处于压力下relieve/reducepressure减压putpressureonsb.向某人施压bloodpressure血压 词汇三pressvt.(1)按;压(2)敦促 52◆单句语法填空(1)[2016·上海卷]Inrecentyears,stresshasbeenregardedasacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighblood
(press)tomentalillness.◆单句写作(2)Michaeltookafewstepsbackwardsand
hisback
(把……靠在……上)thewall.(3)I’m
(处于压力下)frommyparentstobecomeateacher.(4)Thecompanymayhave
(对……施加压力)hertoagree.pressurepressedagainst/onunderpressureputpressureon◆单句语法填空pressurepressedagainst/53单元语法要点一现在完成时的被动语态
一、构成肯定式:have/has+beendone否定式:have/hasnot+beendone一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+beendone?特殊疑问式:疑问词+have/has(+主语)+beendone? 单元语法54二、用法(1)表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于howlong引出的句子中。(3)用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来已完成的被动动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 二、用法55◆学法点拨常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:already已经yet已经recently/lately最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来ever曾经sofar迄今为止foralongtime很长一段时间bynow到现在为止inrecentyears在最近几年里in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears在过去的几年里 ◆学法点拨56三、注意事项(1)与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
(2)borrow,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,需要改变动词或时态。
动作发生的时间对现在有无影响一般过去时的被动语态过去无现在完成时的被动语态过去有三、注意事项动作发生的时间对现在有无影响一般过去时的被动57这本书借了一周了。Thebookhasbeenborrowedforaweek.(×)Thebookhasbeenkeptforaweek.(√)这个工程已经开始多久了?Howlonghasthisprojectbeenstarted?(×)Howlongagowasthisprojectstarted?(√) ◆学法点拨非延续性动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有持续性,因而可与since或for引出的时间状语连用。 这本书借了一周了。58(3)带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,sell,buy,lend,offer,hand,pass,get等,变为被动语态时,一般是把指人的间接宾语变为主语。如果将直接宾语变为被动句的主语,间接宾语前要加to或for。 (4)带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语保持不动。主动语态中不带to的不定式作宾补,在被动语态中要加上to。 (3)带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring59(5)短语动词变为被动语态时,要注意保持短语动词的完整性,不可漏掉动词后面原有的介词或副词。此类短语动词有:①动词+介词referto,lookafter,callon,relyon,lookfor,lookat,listento,dreamof,meetwith,laughat,resultin,waitfor,dealwith,operateon②动词+名词+介词payattentionto,makeuseof,takepartin,keepaneyeon,makefunof,catchsightof,setfireto,takeanoteof,takecareof ③动词+副词turnon,turnoff,carryon,carryout,thinkover,makeup,setup,putdown,handin,pointout,callup(5)短语动词变为被动语态时,要注意保持短语动词的完整性,60◆单句语法填空(1)Theirnewhouse
(decorate)fortwomonthsandtheywillsettleinitinthenearfuture.(2)Theirnewcars
(advertise)ontheInternetforalongtime. (3)Alltheathletes
(select)frommillionsofpeoplealloverthecountryinthepasttwomonths.(4)Anewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschool
(set)upsofarandtheywillbeputintouseverysoon.(5)Agreatmanymachines
(produce)bythefactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.hasbeendecoratedhavebeenadvertisedhavebeenselectedhavebeensethavebeenproduced◆单句语法填空hasbeendecoratedhave61(6)Greatchanges
(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactories_______________(set)upinthepasttenyears.(7)Everypossiblemeans
(try)tosavethewoundedsoldieruptonow.(8)Howmanysuggestions
(give)toyousofar?(9)Ican’tseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard.
itall
(finish)?(10)Allthepreparationsforthetask
(make),andwe’rereadytostart.
havetakenhavebeensethasbeentriedhavebeengivenHasbeenfinishedhavebeenmade(6)Greatchanges62(11)Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms
(produce)allovertheworld.(12)[2015·天津卷]Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement_______________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(13)Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit
(ruin).(14)Alotoffactories
(set)upsincelastyear.(15)Wecan’tgoonwiththeexperimentbecausethecomputer
(notrepair).havebeenproducedhasbeenreachedhasbeenruinedhavebeensethasn’tbeenrepaired(11)Inthelastfewyearstho63◆将下列句子改为被动语态(1)Theyhavejustconnectedtheprintertothecomputer.(2)Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelastfiveyears.(3)Tomhasn’tsoldoutallthemagazines.(4)Haveyoufoundwaystomakewastewaterclean?(5)Shehasalreadyreturnedthisbooktothelibrary.
Theprinterhasjustbeenconnectedtothecomputer(bythem).Manytreeshavebeenplantedonthehillinthelastfiveyears(byus)Allthemagazineshavenotbeensoldout(byTom).Havewaysbeenfoundtomakewastewaterclean(byyou)?Thisbookhasalreadybeenreturnedtothelibrary(byher).◆将下列句子改为被动语态Theprinterhasju64(6)Hehassentmeane-mail.→→(7)Wehaveseenhimlieontheground.→(8)Janehasreferredtothebook.→(9)Tomhaspaidmuchattentiontohishandwriting.→→ Ihavebeensent
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