2017年考研英语二真题

.-.-可修编-可修编--绝密★启用前2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）（科目代码204）考生注意事项置上填写报考单位、考生和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。册上答题无效。（书涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。考试结束后，将答题卡和试题册按规定一并交回，不可带出考场。考生：考生编号：2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologybereplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethattheingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybeelazyanddepressed.6,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.ttdoesn’t11wmseetadtkbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborand.Today,e15ofkybeabitoverblown.“yseboring,degrading,unhealthy,daeofhumanpotential,”sn,aattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.“WhenIehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel18,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.1．[A]boasting2．[A]inequality3．[A]policy4．[A]characterized5．[A]wisdom6．[A]Instead

[B]denying[B]instability[B]guideline[B]divided[B]meaningIndeedwarning[C]unreliability[C]resolution[C]balanced[C]gloryThusensuring[D]uncertainty[D]prediction[D]measured[D]freedom[D]Nevertheless7．[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated8．[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]pensation[D]substitute9．[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among10．[A]leavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside11．[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically12．[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles13．[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course14．[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield15．[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship16．[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce17．[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats18．[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved19．[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into20．[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonalSectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromwy’sdd13s48suponhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlypetitoristheclock.Theethoswelesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofhay“grassroot”,tsyassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingmongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.gainedgreatpopularitycreatedmanyjobsstrengthenedmunitytiesbeeanofficialfestivalTherbelievestLondon’sc“”hasdboostpopulationgrowthpromotesportparticipationeey’sincreasesporthoursinschoolsParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.aimsatdiscoveringtalentsfocusesonmasspetitiondoesnotemphasizeelitismdoesnotattractfirst-timersWithregardtomasssport,anize“grassroots”ssuperviselocalsportsassociationsincreasefundsforsportsclubsinvestinpublicsportsfacilitiesThe’seotKgovernmentshavedoners[A]tolerant [B]critical [C]uncertain [D]sympatheticText2hohsonn’suseof,t’syrparentsotrownnuse.“Techsdesignedoykonu,”synheryofdigitalplay,“ddigitalproductseeopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.sedoktparents’soyounderstandr,dthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevic—tnbeydisconcertingee.yse“lt”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickne1970s.n,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbeesincreasinglydistressedsesoeherr’s.“sdon’thaveobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtobeedeoad’slornonverbalsofnneed”sneotherhand,Tronickhimselfsdtests’useofsebornoutofn“oppressiveytdemandstparentssbeg”hr:“t’sbasedonaty,yupper-middle-classytsfu’egoedo30,000sueneglecting.”Tronickbelievesttbecauseadn’tgmendoesn’tne’snoeit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto .simplifyroutinemattersabsorbuserattentionbetterinterpersonalrelationsincreaseworkefficiency’sgests’useofdevices .sybabie’distracts’ssdownbabie’ldevelopmentreducesmother-childmunication’sse“let”owt .itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressionsverbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchangeneeosnrparents’parentsneedodon’slneedsTheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto .protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasiesteachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayearensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildrenndtd’suseofgoTronick,d’suseofs givetheirparentssomefreetimemaketheirparentsmorecreativehelpthemwiththeirhomeworkhelpthembeemoreattentiveText3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstopletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtoene,tsyoybacka,doesn’t?drgoinglr12,tdoesn’tlnaturalodardoinggn’ttesybe,t’snotagoodhnongapTher’ssatrofgbehindeeoneperpetuated“eoeh,”rtbedgraduatemedicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitemonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits—infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.fu’enotdofetengaroffointerests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupgrsttonce.Thisn’t,gebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotherafterge.t’snotnecessarilyabad,butdependingone,canbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetopleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat .theythinkitacademicallymisleadingtheyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollegeitfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothersitseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscoursesStudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps .keepstudentsfrombeingunrealisticlowerrisksinchoosingcareersen’slburdensrelievefreshmenofpressuresThed“n”e8,.3)stng .adaptationapplicationmotivationpetitionAgapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem .avoidacademicfailuresestablishlong-termgoalsswitchtoanothercollegedecideontherightmajorThemostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe .InFavoroftheGapYearTheABCsoftheGapYearTheGapYearesBackTheGapYear:ADilemmaText4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires—nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardsthe’sotherk—hst,ddlmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep—thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?“t’syahugeproblemmapubliceperspectivere”he.”eneedoeagglasso.Like,“ta,ss?”“oetdotesoeondpartsofe?”SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researcherssay.Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange—howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.eesay,z,tn’teteeofrestoftheequation.“Thehumansdeseeone,dsgoboth,”he.goe,henotes,so“overlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemdoftensbeesy.”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire’sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.“’edisconnectedourselvesmgh,”h.“tsimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfire.”Morefrequentwildfireshavebeeanationalconcernbecausein2015they .exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementeffortsconsumedarecord-highpercentageofbudgetseverelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstatescausedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditurezsreuseof“agglass” raisemorefundsforfire-proneareasavoidtheredirectionoffederalmoneyfindwildfire-freepartsofthelandscapeguaranteesaferspendingofpublicfundsWhileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat .publicdebateshavenotsettledyetfire-fightingconditionsareimprovingotherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlookedashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplaceTheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto .discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnatureexplorethemechanismofthehumansystemsmaximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlifeunderstandtheinterrelationsofmanandnatureProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould .doawaywithetotermswithpayapriceforkeepawayfromPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisamonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump.“edo’teg,”hedx,edefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradepetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyears.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffpetitionforworkers—andupwardpressureonwages.“They’rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,”saysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,“Theymaybeingoe,buty’ebeenpluckedbyothersteodoingnls,”.lhasbegunbringinghighlsofactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers,fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreemunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbyershe’sgoedelofo.t’shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolhedllbeforegol.“Ieh.Ie.”heButtowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.Millennials“remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,”saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.Thesesn’t:Employmentnghasn17millionin1970to12millionin2013.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels.“Thegapsbetweenesteosdeteatof,”sb,abusinessprofessortmy“There’reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon’tneedtohavemuchskill.It’sthatgapinbetween,andthat’swheretheproblemis.”JulieParksofGrandRapidsmunitypointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,gpeoplee.“esnoteosgeneration.Theytoer,”e[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecausehe[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecausehelovesworkingwithtools.41.JayDunwell[B]pointsoutthatthere