2012剑桥商务英语BEC中级阅读真题(二)

2012BEC（二）PARTTWOQuestions8-12•Readtheextractbelowfromanarticleaboutthecoffeeindustry.•Choosethebestsentencefromthelistontheoppositepagetofilleachofthegaps.•Foreachgap8-12,markoneletter(A-I)onAnswerSheet.•Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.Coffeeisworthapproximately$50-60bnperintermsofworldsales.Itisatrulyinternationalcommodity,andtodaymorethan50countriesintheworldgrowcoffeebeans.(example) I .ICOorganizationhelpscoffeeproducersandpromotescoffeeconumptionworldwide.ICOestimatesthatworldproductionnextyearwillreach97.5millionbags.11.3millionbagsthanthecurrentyear.(8) .Asthelargestproducingcountry,Brazilisparticularlyimportantthecoffeeworld.In1994Brazilwasresponsible25%ofworldproduction,ColombiawasnextwithIndonesiahad7.5%,Mexico4.7%,Guatemala3.8%andEthiopiaandVietnamwereequalwith3.4%.Coffeeisatoughcrop,andcanbegrowninwhereitisdifficultorimpossibletogrowothercrops.However,diseaseisalwaysproblemforcoffeeproduction,aswecanseeinsomepartsofSouthAmericaatthemoment.ICOisactiveineducatingfarmersavoidingdiseaseanddealingwithproblemswhentheyoccur.Thedistributionchainvariesfromcountrytocountry,explainsPabloDubois.Inmostcountriesthesmallerfarmersselltheircroptoalocaltrader,thensellsitontoexporters.Thereare,however,otherdistributionsystems.(10) .Somecountries,likeVietnam,havespecialgovernmentmarketingorganizationsforcoffee.Coffeepricesoftenvarygreatlyfromoneyeartothenext.In1997,forexample,therewasalargeriseintheworldprice,whichwasimmediatelyfelttheconsumer.Risingpricesalwaysresultinadropsales,whichwillhaveabadeffectonthosedevelopingcountries,whicharehighlydependentonforeignexchangefromcoffeeexports.(11) .IntheopinionofPabloDubois,thebiggestproblemforhisorganisationistocreategreaterconsumerawarenessofthedifferentvarietiesofcoffeeanddifferentwaysofpreparingit.(12) .ICOisthereforeconcentratingitspromotionalactivitiesonRussiaandChina.Itisalsoencouragingenvironmentallyfriendlycoffeeproduction,andlastyear’sseminaroncoffeeandtheenvironmentcreatedalotofinterest.Thefuturelooksbrightforthecoffeeindustry.Itisestimatedthatconsumptionoverthenextfewyearswillcontinuetorisesteadily.NewmarketslikeEasternEuropeandChinaareexpectedtodevelopfast.Asaresult,themembershipnowrepresentsofallexportersand60%ofallimporters.Insomeofthesecountries,thiscantoasmuchas50%ofallexportearning.InNorthAmerica,mostconsumersalreadyhaveaboveaverageknowledgeoftherangeavailable.Forexample,frostandwindaredamagingtocoffeecrops.Largercoffeegrowers,forexample,frequentlyexportdirectly.ThemainreasonforthisishigherBrazilianoutputasproductionrecoversfromweatherdamagetocrops.Itiscultivatedinmountainregionswhichonlybereachedbyanimaltransport,andinotherdifficultareaswheremodernagriculturalequipmentcannotbeused.ThisisbecausethereisademandforinGermany,anditisalsosoldi