考研英语(一)真题

20XX年考研英语(一)真题(完整版)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃。Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember___1___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain___2___,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments.”___3___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)___4___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___5___.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸。Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It___6___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___7___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___8___.Thinkingisessentiallya___9___ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto___10___inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.___11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___12___mentaleffort.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭。Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___13___anddevelopedthefirst“braintrainingprogram”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___14___.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧。TheWeb-basedprogram___15___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___16___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___17___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___18___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___19___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea(n)___20___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒。[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點。3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺。6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀。8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈。9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨槠。10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴買。12.[A]accordingto [B]regardlessof [C]apartfrom [D]insteadof渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦鋇。13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝。15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷報。19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷鯛。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚跻。Text1Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency”GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitandthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘籜。 Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.”Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄届。 Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴飙。ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦諑。21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑献。[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔嗚。[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛門。22.Thephrase,“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶蛴。[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅瀝。[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒侬。[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴铍。[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦聰。[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫摇。[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹鸶。[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖輛。[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩纷。[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘慶。[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉馴。Text2Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類谨。Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩癱。Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库圆。Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedto鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞阕。doso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛覲。Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷涨。Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻減。26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼鏗。[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类。挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类芈。[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈。赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈極。28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫。塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫麩。[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺。裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺递。[A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁。仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁絛。[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧。绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧恒。[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙。骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙骠。[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉。瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉貿。Text3TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類。鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類碍。What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬。栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬奧。Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应。辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应頁。AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺。峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺诈。Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜。詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜靈。31.TheFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisseenas[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’wealth.[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes.[C]anexampleofbankers’investments.[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.32.Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit则鯤愜韋瘓賈晖园栋泷。则鯤愜韋瘓賈晖园栋泷华。[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.[B]thefoundersofthenewawards.[C]theachievement-basedsystem.[D]peer-review-ledresearch.33.ThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves胀鏝彈奥秘孫戶孪钇賻。胀鏝彈奥秘孫戶孪钇賻锵。[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes.[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.34.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels?鳃躋峽祷紉诵帮废掃減。鳃躋峽祷紉诵帮废掃減萵。[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.35.Theauthorbelievesthatthenowawardsare[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.[D]unworthyofpublicattention.Text4“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport’sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.稟虛嬪赈维哜妝扩踴粜。稟虛嬪赈维哜妝扩踴粜椤。In20XX,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby“federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers”to“maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.”Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission’s51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.陽簍埡鲑罷規呜旧岿錟。陽簍埡鲑罷規呜旧岿錟麗。Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents’abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.沩氣嘮戇苌鑿鑿槠谔應。沩氣嘮戇苌鑿鑿槠谔應釵。Unfortunately,despite2½yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon’tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing“progressive,”orleft-liberalpropaganda.钡嵐縣緱虜荣产涛團蔺。钡嵐縣緱虜荣产涛團蔺缔。Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarketsandself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.懨俠劑鈍触乐鹇烬觶騮。懨俠劑鈍触乐鹇烬觶騮揚。TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate.謾饱兗争詣繚鮐癞别瀘。謾饱兗争詣繚鮐癞别瀘鯽。36.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?呙铉們欤谦鸪饺竞荡赚。呙铉們欤谦鸪饺竞荡赚趱。[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto莹谐龌蕲賞组靄绉嚴减。莹谐龌蕲賞组靄绉嚴减籩。[A]retainpeople’sinterestinliberaleducation[B]definethegovernment’s

roleineducation[C]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation[D]safeguardindividuals’rightstoeducation38.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggests[A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory[B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects[C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignlanguages39.TheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessorsare麸肃鹏镟轿騍镣缚縟糶。麸肃鹏镟轿騍镣缚縟糶尔。[A]supportiveoffreemarkets[B]cautiousaboutintellectualinvestigation[C]conservativeaboutpublicpolicy[D]biasedagainstclassicalliberalideas40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?納畴鳗吶鄖禎銣腻鰲锬。納畴鳗吶鄖禎銣腻鰲锬颤。[A]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheMatter”[B]IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheMatter”風撵鲔貓铁频钙蓟纠庙。風撵鲔貓铁频钙蓟纠庙誑。[C]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalEducation[D]ProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalEducationPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyplacedMarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(10points)灭嗳骇諗鋅猎輛觏馊藹。灭嗳骇諗鋅猎輛觏馊藹狰。[A]Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece,thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,anearlyhominidsiteinTanzania,wasfoundbyabutterflyhunterwholiterallyfellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s.铹鸝饷飾镡閌赀诨癱骝。铹鸝饷飾镡閌赀诨癱骝吶。[B]Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsReneMillionandGeorgeCowgillspentyearssystematicallymappingtheentirecityofTeotihuacanintheValleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.AtitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheworld.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.攙閿频嵘陣澇諗谴隴泸。攙閿频嵘陣澇諗谴隴泸鐙。[C]Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground?Typically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites.趕輾雏纨颗锊讨跃满賺。趕輾雏纨颗锊讨跃满賺蚬。[D]Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.Inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopan,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillagesandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopancollapsed.夹覡闾辁駁档驀迁锬減。夹覡闾辁駁档驀迁锬減汆。[E]Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airbornetechnologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.视絀镘鸸鲚鐘脑钧欖粝。视絀镘鸸鲚鐘脑钧欖粝佥。[F]Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTutankhamunexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingsforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEvancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingfortinyengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evans’sinterpretationsoftheseengravingseventuallyledhimtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossos(Knossós)ontheislandofCrete,in1900.偽澀锟攢鴛擋緬铹鈞錠。偽澀锟攢鴛擋緬铹鈞錠铃。[G]Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheplaceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetectors.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoandthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinplanningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.緦徑铫膾龋轿级镗挢廟。緦徑铫膾龋轿级镗挢廟耬。41.→A→42.→E→43.→44.→45.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)騅憑钶銘侥张礫阵轸蔼。騅憑钶銘侥张礫阵轸蔼揽。Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.(46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.疠骐錾农剎貯狱颢幗騮。疠骐錾农剎貯狱颢幗騮鸪。Beethov