(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向52 阅读理解之点式与网式细节理解题的突破策略(解析版)

考向52阅读理解点式与网式细节理解题的突破策略【策略学习】点式细节理解点式细节理解题答案可以在原文中找到，考生一般可以通过读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案，此类题属于低层次题。解答点式细节理解题，采取“先题后文，题干定位法”，即从问题中抓关键词(题眼)，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干相吻合的关键词或与关键信息相关的段落，仔细推敲，最后确定答案。策略1：3步全取直接细节题直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。【典例】(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.21．Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A．Call131617.B．Visit.au.C．Askatthelocalstation.D．Checkthetrainschedule.【分析】·第一步找关键词：ticketinformation·第二步定位到原文：在原文中定位原词ticketinformation，确定关键句为第一段的第二句“Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.”。·第三步比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。策略2：4种特征直取间接细节题间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。【典例】(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers，spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders，”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”34．WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A．Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B．Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C．Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D．Theylivedonbothlandandwater.【分析】·第一步找关键词：astonished·第二步定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astonished定位文中的“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders”为信息句，astonished与amazed为同义词。·第三步比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。策略3：“加减乘除”破解数字计算题数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。【典例】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读A)VisitorInformationHow__to__Get__to__HolkerByCar：FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36，M6.Approximatetraveltimes：Windermere—20minutes，Kendal—25minutes，Lancaster—45minutes，Manchester—1hour30minutes.ByRail：TheneareststationisCark－in－CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth，LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.Opening__TimesSunday－Friday(closedonSaturday)11：00am－4：00pm，30thMarch－2ndNovember.Admission__ChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults：￡12.00￡8.00Groups:￡9.00￡5.5022．HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisitHall&Gardens?A．￡12.00. B．￡9.00.C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.【分析】·第一步找关键词：Hall&Gardens·第二步定位到原文：利用原文数据和题干数据关系确定答案，有AdmissionCharges及Groups：￡9.00￡5.50的内容可直接得出答案。·第三步比对选项：团队参观霍克庄园和花园每人是9英镑。网式细节理解题网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解答该类题目时一定要不厌其烦，题目涉及的多处细节要一一找出，并对选项和原文进行一一比对，做到万无一失。策略1：3步搞定正误判断题【典例】(2015·浙江卷阅读A)Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.Wasthisateachertalking?Onegirl，whohadjustcometousfromaschoolwhereshehadhadaveryhardtime，lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeafterIhadfinished.Then，stilllookingatme，shesaidslowlyandseriously，“Mr.Holt，doyoureallymeanthat？”Isaidjustasseriously，“Imeaneverywordofit.”Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday，shewasreadingatherdesk.FromaglimpseoftheillustrationsIthoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself，“Itcan’tbe，”andwenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough，shewasreadingMobyDick，intheeditionwithwoodcuts.Isaid，“Don’tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing？”Sheanswered，“Oh，sure，butIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart.”44．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Sheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhilereading.B．Shehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingtasks.C．Shelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultbooks.D．Sheturnedouttobeatopstudentaftercomingtothisschool.【分析】·第一步分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。·第二步确定目标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“Isaid，‘Don’tyoufindpartsofit...thenextgoodpart.’”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。·第三步逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分，选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故A项错误，选C项。策略2：“耐心”敲定多细节理解题对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题目的答案也是综合原文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答案。【典例】(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh－techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath－relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child－parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.24．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfidence.B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learningself－control.D．Gaininghigh－techknowledge.【分析】·第一步分析题干：根据题干定位到childrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay。·第二步一一比对信息源：由第二段中的“PsychologistSusanLevine...spatialskills.”及第三段内容的信息源，不厌其烦，一一比对。·第三步综合概括：孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B。【检测训练】1FutureCityCompetitionFutureCitystartswithaquestion—howcanwemaketheworldabetterplace?Toanswerit,10th,11th,and12thgradestudentsimagine,research,design,andbuildcitiesofthefuturethatshowcasetheirsolutiontoacitywidesustainabilityissue.PasttopicsincludeUrbanAgriculture,Publicspaces,andGreenenergywhilethetopicofthisyearisLivingontheMoon.TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.Participantscompletefivedeliverables:a1,500-wordcityessay:ascalemodel;aprojectplan;apresentationvideo;andavirtual/onlineQ&Asessionwith/judges.RegionalwinnersrepresenttheirregionattheinternationalFinals.AftercompletingFutureCity,studentparticipantsarenotonlypreparedtobecitizensoftoday’scomplexandtechnicalworld,butalsoreadytobecomethedriversoftomorrow.WhatyoucanlearnThisflexible,cross-curricular(跨课程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.StudentsparticipatinginFutureCityalsolearnhowtheircommunitiesworkandbecomebettercitizensanddevelopstrongtimemanagementandprojectmanagementskills.WhatyouneedFutureCitycostsjust$25perorganization—andyoucanregisterIteamor100.Thepricealwaysstaysthesame.Wekeepthepriceaffordablesoeveryonecanparticipate.Notonlythat,welimitthebudgetformaterialsfortheCityModelandCityPresentationto$100andencourageteamstouserecycledmaterials.Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttoexcel.Creativity,hardwork,andcommitmentareallyouneedtogetahead.Pleasenote:SomeregionslimitthenumberofteamsanorganizationcanbringtotheRegionalCompetition.PleasecheckwithyourRegionalCoordinatortofindouttheguidelinesinyourregion.1.InFutureCityCompetition2021,studentsneedto________.A.completemorethanfivetaskesB.designacitywithgreenenergyC.addressproblemsonthemoonD.makeuseoflunarresources2.WhatliesatthecoreofFutureCityCompetition?A.Designingcities.B.Identifyingproblems.C.TrainingbettercitizensD.Engineeringdesignprocess3.Ifyouwanttosucceedinthecompetition,youneed________.A.tobecreativeanddevoted.B.tousetherecycledmaterials.C.tobuysomeexpensiveequipment.D.toaskmorepeopletojoininyourteam.【答案】1.D2.D3.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“未来城市竞赛”这一活动的相关内容和参加这一项目需要注意的事项。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.（团队将设计一个未来的月球城市，并提供城市如何使用月球资源，以保持其居民的安全和健康的例子。）”可知，在2021年未来城市竞赛中，学生需要利用到月球资源。故选D项。2.细节理解题。根据Whatyoucanlearn部分的“Thisflexible,cross-curricular(跨课程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.（这种灵活的、跨课程的教育计划让学生有机会做工程师所做的事情——发现问题：头脑风暴；设计解决方案；测试、再测试和构建；并分享他们的成果。以这为中心，未来城市是培养学生21世纪技能的一种引人入胜的方式。）”可知，未来城市竞赛的核心是工程设计过程。故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据Whatyouneed部分的第二段“Creativity,hardwork,andcommitmentareallyouneedtogetahead.（创造力、努力工作和承诺是你获得成功所需要的一切。）”可知，如果想要在竞赛中获得成功，就需要富有创造力并且努力投入工作。故选A项。2Isthereastrangesomethinghighupintheworld’stallestmountains?Ifso,isitabigbear?Isitamonkey?Orisitakindofman?Nooneknows.Thismysteryhaspuzzledtheworldforyears.In1887,amountainclimberfoundlargefootstepsinthesnow.Theylookedlikethefootstepsofaverylargeman.Butmendon’twalkwithoutshoesinthesnow!In1906,anotherclimbersawmorefootsteps.Hesawaverylargeanimalstandingontwolegs.Ashewatched,itranawayveryquickly.Fifteenyearslater,anewspaperhadnewstoriesaboutthe“something”.Amountainclimbersaidhehadseenthe“snowman”walkslowlyinthesnow.Hesaiditlookedlikeaverylargeman.Fromthenon,moreandmorepeoplehadstoriestotell.Butnotuntil1951didamountainclimberbringbackthepicturesoflargefootsteps.Thepicturesshowedclearlythatthesnowmanwalkedontwolegs.Soitwasnotabearoramonkey.Coulditbeanapeman(猿人)?Andthemysterykeepsgrowing.Someday,wemayfindoutjustwhatitisthatmakesthelargestfootsteps.4.Thepassageisabout________.A.somemountainclimbersB.somestrangeanimalsC.thesnowD.themysteryofthelargefootsteps5.Whywerepeopleinterestedinfootsteps?A.Becausetheywerethefootstepsofalargebear.B.Becausetheylookedlikethefootstepsofalargeman.C.Becausetheywerefoundinthesnow.D.Becausetheywerefoundinthemountains.6.Whydidthemysterygrowwhenamountainclimberbroughtbackpicturesoflargefootsteps?A.Theywerethefootstepsofanapeman.B.Theywerethefootstepsofasnowman.C.Thepicturesshowedclearlyhowthesnowmanwalked.D.Peoplestilldon’tknowwhomadethefootsteps.7.Whichisthebesttitle?A.Snow B.ThelargefootstepsC.Abigbear D.Monkey【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。4.主旨大意题。根据第二段“In1887,amountainclimberfoundlargefootstepsinthesnow.”（1887年，一位登山者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In1906,anotherclimbersawmorefootsteps”（1906年，另一名登山者看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Someday,wemayfindoutjustwhatitisthatmakesthelargestfootsteps.”（有一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。故选D。5.细节理解题。根据第三段“Amountainclimbersaidhehadseenthe“snowman”walkslowlyinthesnow.Hesaiditlookedlikeaverylargeman.”（一位登山者说，他看到“雪人”在雪地里慢慢地走。他说它看起来像一个非常高大的人）可知人们会对脚印感兴趣是因为它们看起来像一个巨大的人的脚印。故选B。6.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butnotuntil1951didamountainclimberbringbackthepicturesoflargefootsteps.Thepicturesshowedclearlythatthesnowmanwalkedontwolegs.Soitwasnotabearoramonkey.Coulditbeanapeman(猿人)?Andthemysterykeepsgrowing.”（但直到1951年，一位登山者才带回了大脚印的照片。图片清楚地显示了雪人用两条腿走路。所以不是熊或猴子。会是猿人吗?谜团还在继续）可推知当一名登山者带回巨大脚印的照片时，这个谜团变得更加神秘是因为人们仍然不知道是谁留下了这些脚印。故选D。7.主旨大意题。根据第二段“In1887,amountainclimberfoundlargefootstepsinthesnow.”（1887年，一位登山者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In1906,anotherclimbersawmorefootsteps”（1906年，另一名登山者看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Someday,wemayfindoutjustwhatitisthatmakesthelargestfootsteps.”（有一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。这篇文章最好的题目是“巨大的脚印”。故选B。3Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld.Whodoesn'tlongforafavoriteChinesedish?ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast-theancientcustomof“tonic(滋补品)food”.Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone'swell-beingoravoidsickness.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoil(芝麻油)hotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach,areseenasbeing"hot",whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradish,areseenasbeing"cold".Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither"hot"or"cold"food.However,howmuch"hot"or"cold"foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodisprepared,whatitispreparedwith,andtheindividual'shealth.Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthecateringindustry.Chineseherbalmedicines,suchaswolfberry(枸杞子),canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasatonicadditiontoadish.Theseherbsattractcustomers,suchasoverworkedofficestaff,inneedofamodestpick-me-up.So,whetheryouneedtoboostyourstrengthwithalargehelpingofchickensoup,orincreaseyourmentalpowerswithaservingofpig'sbrainsoup,youmayfindthatthisancientChinesecustomcouldbejustthetonicfoodyouwerelookingfor.8.Whatisthepresentsituationoftonicfood?A.Itiscatchinglessattention.B.Itiswellknownworldwide.C.Itisbecomingincreasinglypopular.D.Itisenjoyedbymanyyoungpeople.9.Whatisbelievedtobenefitnewmothers?A.Chinesecabbage. B.Fruittea. C.Sesameoilhotpot. D.Pig'sbrainsoup.10.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheCharmofChineseCuisine.B.ThePopularityofTonicFood.C.AnIntroductiontoChineseTonicFood.D.DifferencesBetweenHotFoodandColdFood.【答案】8.A9.C10.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章从定义、好处、作用和影响等方面介绍了中国食补。8.细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast-theancientcustomof“tonic(滋补品)food”.(但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念——古老的“食补”习俗，这在西方几乎是闻所未闻，而在东方也越来越被年轻人忽视)”可知，滋补品的现状是正在很少被关注。故选A。9.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoil(芝麻油)hotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.(例如，在过去的习俗中，新妈妈在生完孩子后的第一个月每天都要吃麻油火锅。人们认为这道菜有益于肌肉，减轻疼痛，改善循环，刺激出汗，温暖身体)”可知，麻油火锅对新妈妈有益。故选C。10.标题判断题。根据第一段第三句ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast-theancientcustomof“tonic(滋补品)food”.(但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念——古老的“食补”习俗，这在西方几乎是闻所未闻，而在东方也越来越被年轻人忽视)”，第二段第一句“Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone'swell-beingoravoidsickness.(食补是指为增进健康或避免疾病而食用的食物)”，第三段第一句“Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthecateringindustry.(以食补养生的习俗也影响着饮食业)”和最后一段“So,whetheryouneedtoboostyourstrengthwithalargehelpingofchickensoup,orincreaseyourmentalpowerswithaservingofpig'sbrainsoup,youmayfindthatthisancientChinesecustomcouldbejustthetonicfoodyouwerelookingfor.(所以，无论你是需要大喝鸡汤来增强体力，还是用猪脑汤来增强你的脑力，你都会发现古老的中国食补习俗可能就是你在寻找的食补食物)”可知，文章主要是介绍中国的滋补食物。所以C选项（中国食补概论）是最好的标题。故选C。4SawyerCurrent’sfirstvisittoIslaMujeres,asmallislandoffthecoastofCancun,Mexico,wasmeanttobeagetaway.Butinsteadofrelaxingonwhitesandbeaches,Currentwasdisappointedatthenumberofunwantedanimalswanderingthestreets.“Dogswereeverywhere,comingoutofthebushesandalongthesidesoftheroad,”sherecallsofthattrip25yearsago.“Theyweredirtyandcoveredwithfleasandscars.”“Itwassad,”shesays.“Ijustcouldn’tstandtowatchit.”Currentdecidedtohelpfixit.ShebuiltasecondhomeonIslaMujeresin2000,andbeginningwithaskinny,toothlesscatsherescuedfromthestreets,shewentontofindhomesformorethan2,000dogsandcats.Today,thankstoCurrent’sefforts,theislandnolongerhasawild-dogproblem,and“peoplearemoreawareoftheirpets’needs,”saysMarcelinoVelazquez,34,apropertymanagerfromIslaMujeres.“Theyvaccinatethemanddon’tabandonthemonthestreets.Thewayofthinkinghaschanged.”ForCurrent,itwasahard-foughttransformation.“AtfirstIwasangryandthoughtitwashorrible,”Currentsaysoftheconditionsontheislandwhenshebeganherwork.“Buttheseweren’tbadpeople.Theywerepeoplewithoutresources.”Whenshefirstarrived,thecommunityhadnosmall-animalvet,andanimalcontrolconsistedofateamofgovernmentworkerswho’droundupstreetdogsinatruckandkillthem.“Iusedtofollowthetruck,andwhenthey’dgoforlunch,I’dletthedogsout,”shesays.“OnetimeIlettheairoutoftheirtires.”Atonepointshewascaringformorethan65rescueddogsinherhome,andsheestimatesshehasspentabout$1millionofherownsavingsonherefforts.“Itwasexhausting,”sheadmits.NowIslaAnimalshasanon-siteshelterwithasmallstaff,andmanyvolunteersanddonorsamongtheisland’stourists.Eachyearthegroupre-homesmorethan170pets,manyofwhichflywithvolunteerstofamiliesintheU.S.andCanada.“There’snothingintheworldlikefindingastarvingdog,nursingitbacktogoodhealthandfindingitalovinghome,”Currentsays.11.WhatmadeCurrentfeeldisappointedwiththeisland?A.Insectsbitingpeople. B.Peoplewithoutresources.C.Housesinpoorconditions. D.Animalsabandonedinthestreets.12.WhydidCurrentfollowthetruckandlettheairoutofitstires?A.Toshowthelocalpeoplehowtosolvetheirproblems.B.Todrawpublicattentiontowhatshewasdoing.C.Tostoptheworkersfromkillingtheanimals.D.Tohelpthegovernmentpunishbadpeople.13.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeCurrent?A.Loving. B.Ambitious. C.Intelligent. D.Cautious.【答案】11.D12.C13.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了SawyerCurrent在一个小岛IslaMujeres度假时，看到很多流浪动物，感到失望，于是开始致力于救助这些流浪动物的故事。11.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butinsteadofrelaxingonwhitesandbeaches,Currentwasdisappointedatthenumberofunwantedanimalswanderingthestreets.(但是，Current并没有在白色的沙滩上放松，而是对流浪动物的数量感到失望)”可知，动物被遗弃在街道上，这让Current对这个岛感到失望。故选D。12.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whenshefirstarrived,thecommunityhadnosmall-animalvet,andanimalcontrolconsistedofateamofgovernmentworkerswho’droundupstreetdogsinatruckandkillthem.“Iusedtofollowthetruck,andwhenthey’dgoforlunch,I’dletthedogsout,”shesays.“OnetimeIlettheairoutoftheirtires.”(她刚来的时候，这个社区没有小动物兽医，动物控制中心由一组政府工作人员组成，他们用卡车把流浪狗围捕并杀死。她说：“我过去常常跟着卡车，当他们去吃午饭时，我就把狗放出来，有一次我把他们轮胎的气给放了。”)”可知，Current会跟在卡车后面把轮胎放气，是为了阻止工人杀死动物。故选C。13.推理判断题。根据最后一段““There’snothingintheworldlikefindingastarvingdog,nursingitbacktogoodhealthandfindingitalovinghome,”Currentsays.(Current说：“世界上没有什么比找到一只饥饿的狗，照顾它恢复健康，给它找到一个充满爱的家更好的了。”)”结合文章讲述了SawyerCurrent在一个小岛IslaMujeres度假时，看到很多流浪动物，感到失望，于是开始致力于救助这些流浪动物的故事。可推知，Current是个有爱心的人。故选A。5MyBiggestChallengeAsawriteronanadventuresportsmagazine,I’dalwaysfoughtshyofdoingtheadventurousstuffmyself,preferringinsteadtoobservetheexpertsfromasafedistanceandrelaytheirexperiencestoreadersintheformofwrittenlanguage.Thus,whenIwaschallengedtotakepartinamountainclimbinaidofraisingmoneyforcharity—andtowriteaboutitafterwards—Iwasunwilling,tosaytheleast.IwasluckyenoughtohaveabrilliantclimbingcoachcalledKeith,whoputmethroughmypacesaftermydailywork.Hegavemeknowledgeabouteverythingfromtheimportanceofbuildingmusclegroupstohowtoavoidtirednessthroughnutrition.ItquicklybecameapparentthatthemechanicsofclimbingweremorecomplexthanIhadimagined.TherewastheequipmentandtechniquesI’dneverevenheardof,allofwhichwouldcomeinhandyonthesnow-cappedpeakI’dbeclimbing.Awareofthechallenge,KeithmadeadetailedactionplanandIforcedmyselftosticktoit,doingadailyworkoutatthegymandgoingonhikeswithaheavypack.Iperfectedmytechniqueontheclimbingwallandevenwenttoclimbthemountainstogetvitalexperience.Myself-beliefincreasedalongsidemymusclepowerandIbecameconfidentaboutfinishingtheclimb.AlltoosoonIwasonaplanetomydestination.Onthatday,whenIlookedupatthemountain,Ithoughtofabandoningit.ButthenIrememberedallthehardworkI’ddoneandhowdisappointedKeithwouldbeifIgaveupatthelastminute-nottomentionlettingdownthecharityandthesenseoffailureI’dexperiencemyself.WithadeepbreathIgatheredmyequipmentandheadedoutintothesunshinetomeettherestofthegroup.AndasIsitherenow,tappingawayonmylaptop,I’mamazedatthedetailsinwhichIcanrecalleverysecondoftheclimb:theburningmuscles,thetiredness,theminorproblemsalongtheway.CouldIhavebeenbetterprepared?Possibly.WouldIbebackforanothergo?Thankfullynot.ThefeelingofbeingexcitedwhenIstoodontopoftheworldisanever-to-be-repeatedexperiencebutoneIwillenjoyforevernevertheless.14.Atthebeginningoftheactivity,theauthorrevealedhis______.A.disappointmentinthecomingadventure.B.expectationofwritingabouthisexperience.C.lackofenthusiasmforthechallengehe’dbeenoffered.D.curiosityabouttakingpartinthemountainclimbforcharity.15.Whatdidtheauthorrealiseduringhisclimbtraining?A.Theknowledgeaboutclimbingwasreallyconfusing.B.Theequipmentwasthekeyfactortoreachthepeak.C.Climbingwasmuchmorecomplicatedthanexpected.D.Hardtrainingwasfarmoreimportantthanmakingplans.16.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhesucceededinclimbingthemountain?A.Hewasrelievedthathewouldn’thavetodoitagain.B.Hewaswellsatisfiedthathehaddonehisbestforit.C.Hewassurprisedthathehadmanagedtocompleteit.D.Hewasregretfulthatitwasn’tassmoothasimagined.【答案】14.C15.C16.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者被要求参加一次为慈善筹款的爬山活动，内心很不情愿。在经过训练后，作者成功爬上了山顶，作者很兴奋，但依然庆幸自己以后再也不用爬山了。14.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Thus,whenIwaschallengedtotakepartinamountainclimbinaidofraisingmoneyforcharity—andtowriteaboutitafterwards—Iwasunwilling,tosaytheleast.(因此，当我被要求参加一次为慈善筹款的爬山活动，并在活动结束后将其写下来时，至少可以说，我是不愿意的)”可知，在活动一开始，作者就表现出了对所接受的挑战缺乏热情。故选C。15.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“ItquicklybecameapparentthatthemechanicsofclimbingweremorecomplexthanIhadimagined.(很快我就发现攀岩的技巧比我想象的要复杂得多)”可知，在他的攀岩训练中，作者意识到攀岩比预想的要复杂得多。故选C。16.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“WouldIbebackforanothergo?Thankfullynot.ThefeelingofbeingexcitedwhenIstoodontopoftheworldisanever-to-be-repeatedexperiencebutoneIwillenjoyforevernevertheless.(我会再来一次吗？值得庆幸的是没有。当我站在世界之巅时那种兴奋的感觉是一种永远不会重复的经历，但我将永远享受这种感觉)”可知，成功地爬上了那座山后，作者很欣慰他不用再这样做了。故选A。6Weoftenhearfriendsaskwhytheyshouldreadfiction.Thereissomuchtolearnfromhistory,fromwhatisgoingonatthefrontiersofscience,andfromcontemporarystudiesofhumanbehavior.Whyshouldtheyspendtheirscarce"freetime"readingfiction,thepurposeofwhich,atbest,isonlyentertainment?Wearedisappointedaboutsuchcomments.Yes,werespond,wedofindpleasureinreadingfiction.Butwealsolearnmuchabouthowtobestliveourlivesinwaysthatcanonlybecapturedbyfiction.Werecognizethatsomenovelsareentertaining,butleavenolastingimpression.Whatmakesanovelmorethanentertainment?Ouransweristhatwedon'tjustreadgreatbooks-theyreadusaswell.Thehumanconditioniscomplexandcontradictory,layeredlikeanice-creamdessert,withflavorsmixedamongthelayers.Agreatnovelreflectsthatcomplexity.Wemayreaditseveraltimes,aswedowithourfavorites,andeachtimeitislikefindinganoldfriendandgainingnewinsightsfromthatfriend.Weputitdownwithnewunderstandingsoftheworldaroundusand,mostimportant,ofourselves.Let'slookatthenovelFrankenstein,writtenin1818byMaryShelley.Frankensteinisnotthemonster,butayoungmanseekingoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.Hecollectsbodypartsandchargesitwithlife.Whenthedullyelloweyesopen,however,Frankenstein,shockedbywhathehasdone,abandonsthecreature,whichultimatelykillsFrankenstein'sbrother,hisbride,andhisbestfriend.Ononelevel,Frankensteinisentertaining-agoodhorrorstory,thoughalittledated.ButShelleywritesmorethanjustthat.Onadeeperlevel,herbookforcesustoaskwhetherhumansreachtoofartogainknowledgethatisasforbiddenasthefruitoftheGardenofEden.Thistheme,asoldasthelegendofPrometheus（普罗米修斯），dominatesFrankenstein.Shelley,ofcourse,knewnothingofgenetic（遗传的）engineeringthathappenstoday.Shewasdeeplytroubledbywhathumanbeingsmightdiscoveraboutthemselves,andtheeffectsofthosediscoveriesonsociety.Ourreadingofgreatliteraturecanalsobeenrichedbyunderstandingtheauthor'spersonalinterestsandanxieties.17.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutfictionreading?A.Itisawindowtoawholenewworld.B.Ithelpsusdiscoverthefrontiersofscience.C.Itoffersinsightintohowtolivebestlives.D.Itholdssomecluestounderstandingourmemory.18.Whydoestheauthorsaygreatbooksreadusaswell?A.Becausetheydeservereadingseveraltimes.B.Becausetheyleadustoarichandcolorfullife.C.Becausetheyexplorehumans'complexreality.D.Becausetheyimprovethewriter-readerrelationship.19.WhatdoweknowaboutthenovelFrankenstein!A.Itisbasedonagrandtheme.B.Itisarecordofahistoricevent.C.Itismerelyagreathorrorstory.D.ItisaboutthelegendofPrometheus.20.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Whyshouldwereadfiction?B.Cannovelreadinglastlong?C.Readforfunorreadfornone?D.IsFrankensteinreallyentertaining?【答案】17.C18.C19.A20.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为什么要读小说，以及小说带来的好处。17.细节理解题。根据文章“wealsolearnmuchabouthowtobestliveourlivesinwaysthatcanonlybecapturedbyfiction.（我们也学到了很多关于如何以只有小说才能捕捉到的方式最好地生活的知识。）”可知，此处想要表示读小说提供了如何过上最好生活的见解。故选C项。18.细节理解题。根据文章“wedon'tjustreadgreatbooks-theyreadusaswell.Thehumanconditioniscomplexandcontradictory,layeredlikeanice-creamdessert,withflavorsmixedamongthelayers.Agreatnovelreflectsthatcomplexity.（我们不只是阅读伟大的书籍-他们也阅读我们。人类的情况是复杂而矛盾的，像冰淇淋甜点一样分层，层层之间混合着各种味道。一部伟大的小说反映了这种复杂性。）”可知，伟大的书探索了复杂的现实。故选C项。19.推理判断题。根据文章“Onadee