(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向43 概要写作之语篇类型特征分析(解析版)

考向43概要写作之语篇类型特征分析概要写作与语篇类型概要写作实际上就是对所读过的文章简要而概括地写出文章的中心大意。写概要时，考生要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的句子。写概要也不是把细节性的信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、短语和句子进行合理转换，重新组织文章的信息，再用合适的语言进行表述。这种写作形式能考查考生的阅读理解能力和对文章的大意进行归纳概括、重新构造、创新输出的能力。[写作技法]一、题型特点要求考生进行概要写作的阅读材料原文词数一般为300词左右。文章体裁可以是记叙文、说明文或者议论文。写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约60词的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。二、注意事项1．词数要限制在60词左右，上下限不得超过10个单词。2．要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。3．人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。4．写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。三、写作步骤第一步：仔细审题速读文章，确定文章的体裁和题材、人称和时态以及写作要求等。第二步：细读全文阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：记叙文圈出记叙文的六要素(who,when,where,what,how,why)，如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意说明文找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议议论文提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)第三步：初写成文初写概要时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：记叙文先用一两句话串联人、时、地、事等要素，再用三到五个句子简要描述事情的经过和结果说明文找出要说明对象的现象、原因等或解决问题的措施、建议等议论文把议论文的三个要素(论点、论据、结论)进行合理地排序、整合和概括，使之语义上具有逻辑性和连贯性第四步：润色升级初写成文后，要对概要进行润色升级，使用高级词汇和高级句式代替平庸词汇和一般句式，使之锦上添花。第五步：复查定稿写好概要后，要从语法和语义角度进行通读。对语法错误和语义不连贯处进行修改润色。最后规范誊写在答题卷的指定位置。说明文的概要写作

一、说明文的写作顺序

一是以空间为序对事物进行描写；二是以时间为序对事物进行描写；三是按逻辑顺序对事物进行描写。其中，按“逻辑顺序”描写的说明文又分下面几种：

一是描写某事物的性质功用；二是针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施；三是介绍某现象及其原因或本质。

在“读写任务”中，纯粹的说明文作为原文的形式出现比较少，不少文章的文体都是介于“说明”和“议论”之间的，单纯的说明文作为“读写任务”的原文主要是以“逻辑顺序”出现，因为这样才能更好地为主体部分的议论或叙述服务。

二、说明文的构成

说明文通常由三部分构成，第一部分为文章的第一段，呈献文章所要介绍/说明的对象或阐述的内容；第二部分为文章的主体，或介绍事物的方位，或描述事物的性质、功用，或提出解决方法，或说明某种现象等；第三部分为结尾段，呼应首段，归结主题。为此，说明文的写作，当以简洁明了的语言描述事物、现象或过程。通常，说明文中常会（在每段）有topicsentence出现，这为考生写作summary提供了帮助，但考生须对其作变通以免落下照抄原句之嫌。

三、概要写作模板

1.描写事物性质功用

Inthepassagethewriterintroduces...(对象)tous,especiallyits...(性质或功用),fromwhichweknow...(对象带来的利好).

2.问题+解决方法

Thepassagerepresents...(问题)andbringsforthseveralmeasures/methodstosolvetheproblem,whichinclude...(方法1),...(方法2)and...(方法3).

3.现象+原因/本质

(Theauthor/writerrepresents/introduces)...(现象)of...,because/but...(原因/本质1),and...(原因/本质2).四、概要写作句式（一）提出问题:(现象，变化，影响，作用,例举)1.Moreandmore(anincreasingnumberof)expertsargue(believe)thatcolorsinfluence(affect)ourmood,careerandhealth.2.Whatattractscustomers?Obviouslythelogocontributesagreatdeal.(Thelogoplaysanimportantrolein/hasapositiveeffectonattractingcustomers.)3.Thefirstmetaldetectorsweremeanttohelpminers.Theycostalotofmoney.Andworstofall,theydidn’tfunctionproperly.(Metaldetectorswerefirstusedtohelpminers,buttheycostmuch,anddidn’tworkwell.)4.Theyareinairports.Theyareincourthouses.Someschoolsusethem.(Manydetectorsarebeingusedinmanyplacessuchasschools,courthouses,andairports.)5.ThedistanceatwhichpeoplestandwhentheyspeaktendstobesmallerinChina,whileinNordicculturespeopleusuallystandfurtherapart.(Forexample,notallpeoplestandatthesamedistancewhenspeakingtoothers.)（二）分析问题（原因，结果）1.Theircallshavebecometentimeslouder,astheseashavebecomenoisierthanbefore.(Whaleslearntoshoutasaresultofincreasednoisesintheocean.)2.Asrobotsstartdoingmoreandmoreworkweusedtodo,anddoingitmuchmoreefficiently,whatiftheneedforjobsdisappearsaltogether?Whatiftherobotsendup...(Peopleworryabouttheproblemscausedbyrobots’highefficiencyandsoon.)3.Psychologistssuggestthereareseveralreasonsforashoppingaddiction.Forsomepeople,...Forothers,...(Therearedifferentreasonswhypeoplebecomeshopaholics,suchasreducingstress,fightinglonelinessandsoon.)4.Somestudiesshowthatpatientssufferingfromdepressionwerehelpedbysimplytakingashower.(Takingcoldshowersleadtolessstress.)5.Smokingissaidtoleadtomoreheartdisease-relateddeaths.(Besides,smokingismorelikelytocauseheartdisease-relateddeaths.)（三）解决问题(目的，提倡，避免，想法）1.Whatyoushouldbelookingforisflatground.+Ifit’spossible,youaresupposedtopitchcampinashadyplace.(Itisimportant/necessarytofindflatgroundwithshade.)2.Donotpitchyourtenttooclosetodeadtrees,becauseofthedangeroffallenbranches.(However,itisnotagoodidea(notadvisable)toplaceyourtentnexttodeadtrees,asyoumaybeindangeroffallenbranches.)3.Itisvitaltohaveastrongimage,whichisimmediatelyrecognisable.Weshouldrenewlogosconstantly.(Tobebetterrecognized,logosshouldberenewedtimely.不定式和被动结构！)4.Bygettingridoftheneedforpeopletowork,robotswouldfreeusuptothinkmoreaboutwhatreallymakesushuman.(Furthermore,asrobotssaveusalotoflabor,wehumansshouldfocusonthinkingaboutthevalueofhumans.增加因果关系)5.Infact,it’sarelationshipwithoutanyresponsibility.Weschbelievesthatit’svitalforpeopletousedigitalmediainpositivenewways.(AlthoughWeschpointsoutthatthisrelationshipinvolvesnorealresponsibility,hestillinsiststhatitisimportantforpeopletoapplythedigitalmediapositively.增加转折关系)（五）研究报告(1)表示文章的内容以及研究目的①Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...②Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...(2)表示研究的结论①Theresultshowedthat...②Theauthorfoundthat...③Itwasconcludedthat...(3)表示推荐、观点或建议Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Suggestionsaremadefor...【检测训练】1.阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Itisnoone’sjobtobelieveinyou,andnoonewill,unlessyoubelieveinyourself.Beliefthatyoucanachievewhateveryousetyourmindtowillkeepyouworkingwhenothersgiveup,anditwillgiveyouthetoolsyouneedtocraftyourownsuccessfromanysituation.Anynaturaltalentyouhaveisnotenough.Talentisonlythebeginning.Successisonlyachievedthroughhoursandhoursofhardwork,ofbeingknockeddownbutrefusingtoquit,andifyouareunwillingtoputintheeffort,youwillbeovertakenbythosewhosimplywantitmore.Partofsuccessisbeingabletocopewithfailure.Whatifyougiveyourbest,andyoustillfail?Myanswertothat,isthis:IwouldsoonerlookmyselfintheeyeandknowIdidmybest,thanknowIfailedbecauseIwasheldbackbyfear.Thereisnohonourinbeingabletosaythatyoucouldhavedonebetterifyouhadtriedharder.TherowingracethatIammostproudofwasactuallyonethatIlost,asitistheoneIknowIgavemyallto.Noonecanaskformorethanyourbest,andifyougiveyourbestthenyouhavenotfailed.Sohowdoyoustopthetaskathandfromfeelingtoooverwhelming?Howdoyoupaceyourselfforagoalyouknowwilltaketwoyearstoachieve?Howdoyoucopewiththepressure?Thereisaskilltonotthinkingtoofarahead.Youmustdisciplineyourselftofocusonwhatyouneedtodoonaday-by-daybasis.Bigdreamsaremadeoflittlegoals.Completeonetaskatatime,brilliantly,andthenthenext,andthenext.Dothisforlongenough,andyouwillgetthere.Whenyoudo,youcanfinallystepbackandappreciatethatyouhaveachievedsomethingincredible.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Therearethreekeystosuccess:believinginyourself,facingfailurebravelyandstartingfromsmallgoals.Onceyousetagoal,dostrivehard.(要点1)Eveniffailureoccurstoyou,faceitbravelyandpayattentiontowhatandyoudoandhowyoudoitontheway.(要点2)Youshouldn’tbeeasilydefeatedbyfailure.Thereareskillstosucceedinaccomplishinggoals:breakingbigdreamsintosmallgoalsonebyone,andaccomplishingthemgradually.(要点3)【写作分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章议论了成功的三个关键：相信自己，勇敢面对失败，从小目标做起。【写作步骤】1.要点摘录①Itisnoone’sjobtobelieveinyou,andnoonewill,unlessyoubelieveinyourself.②Successisonlyachievedthroughhoursandhoursofhardwork,ofbeingknockeddownbutrefusingtoquit,andifyouareunwillingtoputintheeffort,youwillbeovertakenbythosewhosimplywantitmore.③Partofsuccessisbeingabletocopewithfailure.④Thereisaskilltonotthinkingtoofarahead.⑤Bigdreamsaremadeoflittlegoals.Completeonetaskatatime,brilliantly,andthenthenext,andthenext.2.缜密构思将第1、2和4、5两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Therearethreekeystosuccess:believinginyourself,facingfailurebravelyandstartingfromsmallgoals.Onceyousetagoal,dostrivehard.Eveniffailureoccurstoyou,faceitbravelyandpayattentiontowhatandyoudoandhowyoudoitontheway.Youshouldn’tbeeasilydefeatedbyfailure.Thereareskillstosucceedinaccomplishinggoals:breakingbigdreamsintosmallgoalsonebyone,andaccomplishingthemgradually.【写作亮点】[高分句型1]：Onceyousetagoal,dostrivehard.该句对文章第一段进行概括，句中，once引导条件状语从句，表达高级。[高分句型2]：Eveniffailureoccurstoyou,faceitbravelyandpayattentiontowhatandyoudoandhowyoudoitontheway.句中，what和how引导名词性宾语从句，表达高级。2.阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Asisknown,ifweareunitednoonecandefeatus.Butifweconstantlyhaveconflictsormisunderstandings,wemayattractoutsiderstotakeadvantageofourselves,whichmayultimatelyresultinourfailure.Unityisthesourceofstrengthandpeoplewhoareunitedhavethecapabilitytotackleanykindofsituationastheyshareeachother’sburdensandhardships.Inoldendays,manlivedalone.Hetravelledandhuntedallbyhimself,whichsometimesgaveopportunitiestofierceanimaltoattackandkillhim.Thenherealizedthatifhejoinedhandswithotherhunters,hewouldbeabletofaceseveralcommondangersandchallenges.Thisishow,villagesgotformed,whichlatergotdevelopedintothetownsandcities.Inthesportsground,beitcricket,football,baseball,basketballoranykindofsport,aunitedteamandanappropriatestrategymaycontributetothesuccessoftheteam,butifthereisaconflictorunhealthycompetitionorunnecessarymisunderstandingamongtheteammembers,theymayinvitetheopponentstotakeadvantageoftheirshortcomingsandwinthegame.Likewise,ifthemembersofafamilystaytogetherandsupporteachotherineveryphaseoflife,nooutsiderscanharmthefamily.Therewasonceanoldmanwholivedinavillagewithhisthreesons.Thesonsalwaysfoughtwitheachotherandwouldnotpayanyattentiontotheirfather.Themanfellsickandassumedthathewoulddiesoon;hewasveryworriedaboutthefactthatoncehedied,peoplewouldtakeadvantageofhissons’conflicts.Hecalledallhissonsandaskedthemtobreakabundleofsticks,onebyone.Noneofthemcoulddoit.Hethenuntiedthebundleandgaveeachsticktoeachoneofthemaskingthemtobreak,whichtheycouldveryconvenientlyaccomplish.Hethentoldhissonsthattheyshouldstaylikethebundleofstickssothatnoonecanbreakthem;butiftheykeeponfighting,theywillbebrokenbytheoutsiderseasily.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Itiswellknownthatunitedwestandanddividedwefall.(要点1)Inancienttimes,huntersmadejointeffortstocopewithdangersandchallenges,thusformingvillagesandlaterdevelopingintotownsandcities.(要点2)Surely,unityhasagreatsignificanceinpeople’sliveswhetherinthesportsgroundorinafamily.(要点3)Thedyingman’sstoryofsticksalsoshowstheimportanceofunity.(要点4)【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，众所周知，合则立，分则亡。在古代，猎人共同努力应对危险和挑战，因此形成了村庄，后来发展成城镇和城市。当然，团结在人们的生活中有着重要的意义，无论是在体育场上还是在家庭中。这个垂死之人的故事也显示了团结的重要性。【写作步骤】1.要点摘录①Asisknown,ifweareunitednoonecandefeatus.Butifweconstantlyhaveconflictsormisunderstandings,wemayattractoutsiderstotakeadvantageofourselves,whichmayultimatelyresultinourfailure.②Thenherealizedthatifhejoinedhandswithotherhunters,hewouldbeabletofaceseveralcommondangersandchallenges.Thisishow,villagesgotformed,whichlatergotdevelopedintothetownsandcities.③aunitedteamandanappropriatestrategymaycontributetothesuccessoftheteam,butifthereisaconflictorunhealthycompetitionorunnecessarymisunderstandingamongtheteammembers,theymayinvitetheopponentstotakeadvantageoftheirshortcomingsandwinthegame.Likewise,ifthemembersofafamilystaytogetherandsupporteachotherineveryphaseoflife,nooutsiderscanharmthefamily.④Hethentoldhissonsthattheyshouldstaylikethebundleofstickssothatnoonecanbreakthem;butiftheykeeponfighting,theywillbebrokenbytheoutsiderseasily.2.缜密构思将第1要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。3.遣词造句Itiswellknownthatunitedwestandanddividedwefall.Inancienttimes,huntersmadejointeffortstocopewithdangersandchallenges,thusformingvillagesandlaterdevelopingintotownsandcities.Surely,unityhasagreatsignificanceinpeople’sliveswhetherinthesportsgroundorinafamily.Thedyingman’sstoryofsticksalsoshowstheimportanceofunity.【写作亮点】[高分句型1]Itiswellknownthatunitedwestandanddividedwefall.运用一个主语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。[高分句型2])Inancienttimes,huntersmadejointeffortstocopewithdangersandchallenges,thusformingvillagesandlaterdevelopingintotownsandcities.运用现在分词，对第二段进行了概括。3.阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Ifyou’reanythinglikeus,itseemsthatyourstomachstartstogrumble(隆隆响)assoonasMcDonald’sgoldenarchescomeintoview.Thereasonbehindthatisn’tthemouthwateringtasteoftheirdeliciousfries—thisishowtheygetthemtotastesogoodbytheway—it’sactuallypsychological,andithastodowiththecolorsoftheirlogo.Thecolorsredandyellowwerechosenforaspecificreason,anditwasn’tbecausetheylookednicewithRonaldMcDonald’sclown-likeface.Itactuallyhastodowithscience.Thecolorredisstimulatingandisassociatedwithbeingactive.Italsoincreasesheartrate,whichhelpstojumpstartyourappetite.Thecoloryellowisassociatedwithhappinessandisthemostvisiblecolorindaylight,sothat’swhyaMcDonald’ssignissoeasytospotonacrowdedroad.Thebrainprocessescolorbeforeitprocesseswordsorshapes,sothat’swhythefast-foodchainchosethesetwocolorsfortheirlogoandbrand.Redandyellowmakesyouhungry,encouragingyoutowanttobuytheproducttheysell,whilealsomakingyoufeelhappy.McDonald’shasstartedtousethiscolorphilosophytoinfluenceandchangethewaypeoplecurrentlythinkabouttheirbrandaswell.Manyfranchises(授权经销商)inEuropehavestartedtoincorporatemoreofthecolorgreenintotheirstorefrontsandinteriordesignbecauseit’sassociatedwithnatureandbeingenvironmentallyfriendly,somethingMcDonald’shasbeencriticizedfornotbeinginthepast.Thecompanyhasbeenworkingtobecomegreenerbyusingenvironmentallyfriendlyrefrigerationandconvertingusedoilintobiodiesel(生物柴油)fuel.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Thereasonwhypeoplecan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’sispsychologicallyconnectedwithcolorsofthelogo.(要点1)Yellowandredwerechosentohelpincreasepeople’sappetiteandmakethestoresigneasytospot.(要点2)Anotherreasonisthatthehumanbrainprocessescolorbeforewordsorshapes.(要点3)NowadaysMcDonald’stakesadvantageofthecolorphilosophytobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendlybyincorporatingmoregreencolorintotheirstoredesign.(要点4)【写作分析】这是一篇说明文。人们之所以无法抗拒麦当劳的诱惑，与logo的颜色有心理上的联系。选择黄色和红色是为了增加人们的食欲，让商店的招牌更容易被发现。另一个原因是，人类大脑在处理文字或形状之前处理颜色。如今，麦当劳利用色彩理念，将更多的绿色融入到他们的店面设计中，从而变得更加环保。【写作步骤】1要点摘录①Thereasonbehindthatisn’tthemouthwateringtasteoftheirdeliciousfries—thisishowtheygetthemtotastesogoodbytheway—it’sactuallypsychological,andithastodowiththecolorsoftheirlogo.②Thecolorsredandyellowwerechosenforaspecificreason.③Italsoincreasesheartrate,whichhelpstojumpstartyourappetite.④Thecoloryellowisassociatedwithhappinessandisthemostvisiblecolorindaylight,sothat’swhyaMcDonald’ssignissoeasytospotonacrowdedroad.⑤Thebrainprocessescolorbeforeitprocesseswordsorshapes,sothat’swhythefast-foodchainchosethesetwocolorsfortheirlogoandbrand.⑥McDonald’shasstartedtousethiscolorphilosophytoinfluenceandchangethewaypeoplecurrentlythinkabouttheirbrandaswell.⑦ManyfranchisesinEuropehavestartedtoincorporatemoreofthecolorgreenintotheirstorefrontsandinteriordesignbecauseit’sassociatedwithnatureandbeingenvironmentallyfriendly2.缜密构思将第2、3、4个要点整合，将第6、7个要点整合。3.遣词造句Itispsychologicallyconnectedwithcolorsofthelogowhypeoplecan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’s.Thereasonwhyyellowandredwerechosenisthattheycanhelpincreasepeople’sappetiteandmakethestoresigneasytospot.【写作亮点】[高分句型1]Thereasonwhypeoplecan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’sispsychologicallyconnectedwithcolorsofthelogo.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中why引导的定语从句表达高级。[高分句型2]：Yellowandredwerechosentohelpincreasepeople’sappetiteandmakethestoresigneasytospot.用todo不定式表目的对第二段进行了概括，且用easy作宾语补足语，表达非常高级。[高分句型3]：Anotherreasonisthatthehumanbrainprocessescolorbeforewordsorshapes.用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第三段内容。其中that引导的表语从句表达比较高级。4.阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Anallergy,alsoknownasanallergicdisease,isanimmunesystemreactiontonormallyharmlessthings,suchasdust，plants,animalsorcertainfoods.Symptomsvarydependingontheallergy.Commoncoldsymptomssuchaslowfever,sneezing,andasorethroatmayallindicateallergies.Whatcausesanallergicreactionisaquestionstillpuzzlingscientists.Typesofallergieshavegreatlyincreasesincethemid-20thcentury，leadingsomeexpertstosuggesttheincreasedenvironmentalpollutionisheldresponsible.Someexpertssuggestthatallergiesarerelatedwithgeneswithtwinsbeingparticularlylikelytosharethesameproblems.Often，anallergicreactionwilldevelopinchildhoodsbutsincemanyreactionsarelikelytoworsenwithrepeatedexposure,symptomscanstarttoappearatanyage.However，somepeoplemayovercomechildhoodallergieswithagegrowing.Testingforanallergycanbeatrickyprocess，particularlyifanallergicreactioncouldthreatenthevictim'slife.Doctorsoftenuseaskintestmethodforavarietyofpossibleallergicreactions.Inskintesting,atinyamountofanallergen(过敏原)isshotintoamarkedplaceofskintoseeiftheskinreactsnegatively.Ifseriousreactionsareaconcern,doctorscanalsouseabloodtest，althoughthistakesmoretimeandmaybelessaccuratethanskintesting.Treatmentmaydependonthetypeandseveredegreeofthepatientallergicresponse.Insomemildcases，suchassneezingcausedbyanimalexposure，patientsaretoldtoavoidexposurewhenpossible.Avoidingthefoodisalsokeywithmanyfoodallergies,particularlythosethatcancausesevereresponses.Whenavoidingisimpossible,somedoctorsmayrecommendshots.Thisintendstobuilduptoleranceintheimmunesystembyexposingthepatienttoincreasingsmallamountsoftheallergenovertime.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Anallergyisareactionperformedbytheimmunesystemtocommonthingswithvarioussymptoms.Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.Besides，mostallergieswilldevelopwithrepeatedexposure,butsomemaybeovercome.Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.Moreover，incaseoftheactualconditions，withavoidingexposurebeingmostimportant,differenttreatmentsareusedaccordingly.【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍过敏。过敏可能表现出各种症状。过敏的测试过程是很困难的，只有避免接触过敏原才能避免过敏。【写作步骤】1要点摘录①Anallergy,alsoknownasanallergicdisease,isanimmunesystemreactiontonormallyharmlessthings.②Whatcausesanallergicreactionisaquestionstillpuzzlingscientists.③Someexpertssuggesttheincreasedenvironmentalpollutionisheldresponsible.④Someexpertssuggestthatallergiesarerelatedwithgeneswithtwinsbeingparticularlylikelytosharethesameproblems.⑤Testingforanallergycanbeatrickyprocess.⑥Doctorsoftenuseaskintestmethodforavarietyofpossibleallergicreactions.Ifseriousreactionsareaconcern,doctorscanalsouseabloodtest.⑦Treatmentmaydependonthetypeandseveredegreeofthepatientallergicresponse.2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行简写；第2、3、4三个要点进行重组；将第5、6两个要点进行整合；将第7个要点进行重写。3.遣词造句Anallergyisareactionperformedbytheimmunesystemtocommonthingswithvarioussymptoms.Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.Incaseoftheactualconditions，withavoidingexposurebeingmostimportantdifferenttreatmentsareusedaccordingly.【写作亮点】[高分句型1]Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句，把要点3、4进行了重组，while表示对比，对第二个要点进行了阐述。[高分句型2]Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.运用了不定式做目的状语，引出第5个要点，同时其后使用了and的并列句，对第6个要点进行了压缩。5.阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Collegestudentsneedtextbookstohelpthemlearnandearnanacademicdegree.However,ontopoftuition,roomandboardandmeals,whyaretextbookssoexpensive?Textbookscovermanyareasofknowledge.Theyarepreparedspecificallywithalotofinformationthatincludemanyoriginalpictures,specialcharts,andspecificdata.Textbooksareextremelyusefultostudentsforlearningandprofitableforthecompaniesthatpublishthem.Whiletextbookscanbeafinancialburdenonthestudent,theycanbeprofitableforabookscouter(侦察员).Abookscouterisanopportunistwhobuyscheapusedbooksatthriftstores(二手店)orbooksales,andsellsthemformoremoney.Brandnewtextbooksarethemostdesiredofbooksforscouterssincetheytypicallycostover$100.Ofcourse,usedtextbooksdon’tcostasmuch.Butwhenthescoutergoestoathriftstoreandbooksalesatlibraries,textbookscancostaslittleasseveraldollars.So,buyingusedtextbooksthatarenewisoneofthemostprofitablebooksthatsellerscanbuy.Unfortunately,manycollegetextbookeditionschangeeveryyear,whicheliminates(消除)thestudent’schancetouselastyear’sedition.So,theywillhavetopaymoremoneyforbrandnewtextbooks.Thesadrealityisthatveryfewchangesaregenerallymadebetweeneditions.Bookscouterssearchfortextbooksaswellasothercategoriesofbooksavailableatlocalthriftstoresorbooksales.Textbooksthatareneworrelativelynewaremarkeddowntojustafewdollars.ThentheycanbesoldonAmazonforpotentiallyhighprofits.Amazonbuysnewtextbooksforalotmoremoneythanmostothertypesofbooks.Ifyouwanttotryscoutingtextbookstomakeaprofit,buytheirnewesteditionsortheonesaheadofthem.Buyitinthebestconditionpossible.Ifyouliveinatownorcitywherethereisauniversity,youhaveabetterchanceoffindinggoodtextbooks.Althoughtextbookscanbeexpensivefortheaveragestudent,heorshecouldpotentiallysellthemonAmazonforthesamepricethattheywerepurchased.Justremember,knowledgeispowerandcanbeprofitabletoo.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Textbookburdensstudentsfinanciallybutisprofitableforbookscouters.(要点1)Theybuyusedbutnewbooksandsellthemoutforextramoney.(要点2)However,becauseofthesubtleeditionschange,studentshavetobuynewbooks.(要点3)Therefore,it’swisetobuythenewestversionformoreprofits.(要点4)Andstudentscanselltheirbooksoutagainforthesamepricetheyboughtwhentheydon’tusethemanymore.(要点5)【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二手教科书回收者通过回收使用过但是依旧保存良好的的课本并出售来赚钱这一现象。【写作步骤】1要点摘录①Whiletextbookscanbeafinancialburdenonthestudent,theycanbeprofitableforabookscouter.②So,buyingusedtextbooksthatarenewisoneofthemostprofitablebooksthatsellerscanbuy.③Unfortunately,manycollegetextbookeditionschangeeveryyear,whichmakesstudentspaymoremoneyforbrandnewtextbooks.④Ifyouwanttotryscoutingtextbookstomakeaprofit,buytheirnewesteditionsortheonesaheadofthem.⑤Althoughtextbookscanbeexpensivefortheaveragestudent,heorshecouldpotentiallysellthemonAmazonforthesamepricethattheywerepurchased.2.缜密构思将各要点进行整合，使得逻辑连贯。3.遣词造句Textbookscanbeafinancialburdenonthestudentbutbeprofitableforabookscouter.Bookscoutersbuyusedbookswhicharenewandsellthemoutforprofits.However,textbookeditionshavesubtlechangeeveryyear,whichmakesstudentshavetobuybrandnewtextbooks.Therefore,ifyouwanttomakemoreprofit,buythenewestversion.Studentscanalsoselltheirbooksoutforthesamepricethattheywerepurchasedwhentheydon’tusethemanymore.【写作亮点】[高分句型1]However,becauseofthesubtleeditionschange,studentshavetobuynewbooks.运用介词短语becauseof…作状语对第三段大部分内容进行了概括。[高分句型2]Andstudentscanselltheirbooksoutagainforthesamepricetheyboughtwh