闽教版小学英语全册语法知识

闽教版小学英语语法知识英语动词4种时态：1经常）,）,有时）,）,never（从不）,,表示现在的特征或状态,s（或e，或变y为i再加eIoftengetupat7:00.Heoftengetsupat7:30.2am/is/are加动词ing:Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatishedoing?Heissinging.3,nextweeknextyear等,am/is/are加goingto形式表示，如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’mgoingtorideahorse.用willwillyoudonextSunday?Iwillgoshopping.用am/is/are加动词ingWhataredoingtomorrow?I’mgoingbowling.4、一般过去时：经常与表示过去的时间连用,如:yesterday,lastnight等,表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。动词要用动词的过去式。如：Whowasfirst?Kenwasfirst.Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwenttoschool.形容词的比较级和最高级：1、单音节词：比较级加er,est.如：tall—taller—thetallest,Heistallerthanhisbrother.Tomisthetallestinhisclass.2、多音节词和部分双音节词：比较级加more,最高级加themost.如：interesting---------moreinteresting---------themostinteresting,Musicisinterestingsubject.P.E.ismoreinterestingthanmusic..Scienceisthemostinterestingsubject.形容词变为比较级的变化规则（）一般情况下，在形容词的词尾直接加er:tall—tallershort—shorter.(2)e词尾直接加r，如：nice—nicer.late—later(3)如：big—biggerthin—thinnerfat—fatter(4)以辅音字母加y容词，先变yi,再加erheavy—heavierfunny—funnier（2、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化：goodbetterbetterbad—worsebadly—worsemany—moremuch—morelittle—lessfar—farther动词ing的变化规律：直接加ing，如：open-opening,clean-cleaning,sing-singing,study-studying,…去掉词尾不发音的eclose-closing,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规）重读闭音节的，双写最后的字母，加ing,如：put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同)1）scome-comes,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…辅音字母加yy改为iworry-worries,carry-carries,…以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为5）have-has,…系words: family, grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend相关句:1)Ishe/sheToscousin? Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheist.Who’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.注意：1）名词单复数，如：family-families;名词单数名词单数--复数规律:（1）1）直接加sboy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:box-boxes,class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,match-matches,辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i，+esbaby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,ffeffev+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…5）特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,6):hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,people,fish,sheep,…（2）名词所有格，表明是“谁的”如：mycousin’s,his它的构成规则：“’Mikesmother.+“Teacher’Da.+“’s”,Jimand+“’s”,Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。名词若是无生命，所有格构成用of,amapofChina.一幅中国地图一般过去时态定义主语+”用法：Hewashereyesterday.Igotupatsevenyesterdaymorning.Mymotherwasatworkyesterdayafternoon.Didyouhaveagoodtimelastsummer?表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Mymotheroftenwenttoworkbytaxilastyear.WhenIwasastudent,Ioftenlistenedtomusic.常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：一般过去式的用法：一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态，通常一般过去式带有表示动,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,week,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工厂工作。Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰见了他。IwenttotheTianLongMountainyesterday.昨天我们去了天龙ft。一般过去式构成：表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。:lastyear;lastnightyesterday(+morning,afternoon,evening)in+过去时间词:in1998…过去式规则变化动词词+“ed”。 walk→walked（走）need→needed（要）“-d”。live→lived（住→liked（喜欢）动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时，去“y”加“ied”，若是词尾为元音字母+y”，只加“ed”。study→studied（学习）play→played（游戏）原形动词词尾为重读闭音节时，先双写该辅音字母再+“ed”stop→stoppedIIIIII过去式规则变化(一)不变1.cut cut 2.let let 3.put put 4read read 5．mustmust（二）改成e came 2.become became3.beginbegan4.drink drank5.have had 6.run ran7. sitsat8.ring rang9.sing sang 10.swim swam11.givegave（三）改成ght1.think thought 2.fightfought 3.bring brought 4.bought5.catch caught 6.teach taught（三）改成t1.keep kept 2.sleep slept 3.sweep 4.feel felt5.spend spent 6.learn learnt 7.mean meant（四）改成ew1.blow blew 2.know knew 3.grow grew 4.draw drew5.throw threw 6.fly flew（五）改成o1.getgot 2.forgetforgot 3.write wrote 4.ride rode drove6.sell sold 7.tell told 8.stand stood understood1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.say1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid6.findfound7.meetmet8.seesaw9.cancould10.shallshould11.willwould12.maymight13.gowent14.seesaw15.wearwore时态时间标志口诀集锦时态时间标志口诀集锦总经常有每没（^^）总：alwaysusually等经常：often有：sometimes（有”不是have有时每：everyweek/month/year等没：never复星周：onMondays，onTuesdays等一般过去时：“昨天上个XX（读作叉叉）前，in加年份when字连”（原创）昨天：yesterday，后面可以加morning，afternoon，evening等上个：last，后面可以加week，month，year等XX前：ago，前面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsagoin加年份：in2009/2008/1986/1220等，2010前全用一般过去时，后年2012前就都是过去时了，2012，世界末日？电影看多了。whenIwasachild等when一般过去时。明天下个XX后”明天：tomorrow，后面可以加morning，afternoon，evening下个：next，后面可以加week，month，year等XX后：afterin，后面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsafter3o‘clock。after2hoursin如intwoy