考研考博-英语-厦门医学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门医学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

ItisverystrangebutIhadan（）thattheplanewouldcrash.

问题1选项

A.inspiration

B.intuition

C.imagination

D.incentive

【答案】B

【解析】inspiration启发灵感的人（或事物）,灵感;intuition直觉,直觉力；imagination想象力;incentive动机。句意：这很奇怪,但是直觉告诉我这架飞机会坠毁。

2.单选题

Thereisno（）evidencethatpeoplecancontroltheirdreams,atleastinexperimentalsituationsinalab.

问题1选项

A.rigid

B.solid

C.smooth

D.harsh

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigid“严格的”；B选项solid“可靠的”；C选项smooth“光滑的”；D选项harsh“严酷的”。句意：没有确凿的证据表明人们可以控制自己的梦，至少在实验室的实验情况下是这样。本句表示可靠确凿的证据。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Hewas（）forhisyearsofservicetothecompanywithagrandfarewellpartyandseveralpresents.

问题1选项

A.awarded

B.rewarded

C.warded

D.safeguarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。award“授予，判定”；reward“奖励，奖赏”；ward“避开，保卫，守护”；safeguard“保护，保卫”。句意：他因数年对公司的贡献而获得奖赏，公司为他举行了一个隆重的欢送会还有几样礼物。选项B符合题意。

4.填空题

Europe’ssocialservicesfaceachallengingtime.AngelaMerkelisfondofsayingthatEuropehas7%oftheworld’spopulation,25%ofitswealthand50%ofitswelfarespending.(66)

Thefirstchallengeistotapourcollectiveintelligence.Therearemanytoolsavailabletoinvolvemorepeopleinthedesignandimplementationofsocialcarepolicies,throughplatformssuchas.Attheirbest,thesedrawontheexperiencesandexpertiseofserviceusersandfrontlineworkerstohelpsolveproblems.Theyputpeopleatthecentreofdesigningsocialservices.

Thesecondchallengeistocommittoexperimentation.(67)Somegovernments,withFinlandandCanadaatthevanguard,areexploringalternativestotop-downnationalpolicies.They—alongwithScotlandandtheNetherlands—aretrialinginnovativeschemessuchasuniversalbasicincome,inthehopethattheywillfindasimpler,fairerwayofsupportingcitizenswithoutdiscouragingthemfrompaidemploymentorvoluntarywork.

Third,governmentsneedtomakethemostofdigitaltechnology.(68)

Fourth,governmentsneedtobesmarteraboutdata.(69)Somelocalauthoritiesareshowingwhatcanbedone.Hackneycouncil,forexample,isworkingwithXanthuratodevelopanartificialintelligencemodelthatcanidentifychildrenatincreasedriskofendingupinstatutorychildren’ssocialcare,sotheycangetbettersupport—improvinglivesandsavingmoney.

(70)India’sbiometricidentitycardAadhaarhastransformedaccesstofinancialservicesforpoorercommunities,butithasalsomadeitpossibleforthegovernmenttoofferloansdirecttocitizensthatcanberepaidthroughthetaxsystem.

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.

【答案】66.D

67.B

68.A

69.E

70.C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.A.我们习惯于将技术与购物、旅行和交通等日常活动相结合，但类似的平台也可用于公共服务。

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.B.没有人知道在10年或20年后，什么样的社会护理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通过实验来发现。

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.C.在世界各地，有许多更激进的变革的例子，证明公共部门可以在有意愿的地方进行创新。

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.D.如果大陆要避免持续的停滞和紧缩，它就需要探索更多的激进选择。

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.E.数据是私营部门商业模式的核心，但政府和非政府组织在意识到数据可以帮助他们方面却慢得多。

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.F.这些创新都有一个共同的精神：在实践中学习的精神，在小范围内测试想法，然后改进它们。

66.【考查点】上下文关联和词汇衔接。

【解题思路】文章开头说到“欧洲的社会服务面临着挑战（faceachallengingtime）。”，下文分别介绍了面临的具体挑战和可以探索的措施，由此可知空格处应该是对于这些挑战和措施的总起句，同时D选项中的“continent（大陆）”与上文的“Europe（欧洲）”相对应。因此D选项“如果大陆要避免持续的停滞和紧缩，它就需要探索更多的激进选择。”正确。

67.【考查点】词汇衔接。

【解题思路】本段开头说到“第二个挑战是致力于实验（experimentation）。”，B选项中的“byexperimenting（通过实验）”和上文的“experimentation（实验）”相对应。因此B选项“没有人知道在10年或20年后，什么样的社会护理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通过实验来发现。”正确。

68.【考查点】词汇衔接。

【解题思路】本段开头说到“政府需要充分利用数字技术（digitaltechnology）。”，A选项中的“technology（技术）”和上文的“数字技术（digitaltechnology）”相对应。因此A选项“我们习惯于将技术与购物、旅行和交通等日常活动相结合，但类似的平台也可用于公共服务。”正确。

69.【考查点】词汇衔接。

【解题思路】本段开头说到“政府需要更聪明地处理数据（data）。”，E选项中的“Data（数据）”和上文的“besmarteraboutdata（更聪明地处理数据）”相对应。因此E选项“数据是私营部门商业模式的核心，但政府和非政府组织在意识到数据可以帮助他们方面却慢得多。”正确。

70.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文介绍的是欧洲的情况，本段以位于欧洲之外的印度为例进行论证，C选项中的“Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamples（在世界各地，有许多例子）”与下文的“India（印度）”相对应，起到了衔接作用。因此C选项“在世界各地，有许多更激进的变革的例子，证明公共部门可以在有意愿的地方进行创新。”正确。

5.单选题

Alltheyearshehasbeen______betweenoptimismanddespair.

问题1选项

A.vibrating

B.swinging

C.fluctuating

D.waving

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项vibrate“(使)振动，颤动，摆动”；B选项swing“(使)摆动，摇摆”，指意见、态度或感情的摇摆；C选项fluctuate“（价格或数量）波动，涨落，起伏”；D选项wave“挥手，摆手”。根据betweenoptimismanddespair可知选B。句意：一年来她一直在乐观和绝望之间摇摆。

6.单选题

Thequantumtheorystates（

）,aslight,isgivenoffandabsorbedindefiniteunitscalledquantaorphotons.

问题1选项

A.energythat

B.thatitisenergy

C.itisenergy

D.thatenergy

【答案】D

【解析】考查宾语从句。states是谓语，后面接一个句子做宾语。宾语从句需要一个引导词that,另外宾语从句还缺少主语，故D项正确。句意：量子理论认为，能量，比如光，是以量子或光子的基本单位来释放和吸收的。

7.单选题

Acomputerprogramcanprovideinformationinwaysthatforcestudentsto（）learninginsteadofbeingmerelyofknowledge.

问题1选项

A.shoreup/reservoirs

B.accedeto/consumers

C.participatein/recipients

D.compensatefor/custodians

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语及名词辨析。shoreup“支持，支撑，加固”；reservoir“水库，蓄水池”；accedeto“加入，同意，就任”；consumer“消费者，用户，顾客”；participatein“参与，参加”；recipient“接受者，受体”；compensatefor“赔偿，补偿”；custodian“管理人，监护人”。句意：计算机程序可以通过迫使学生参与学习而非仅是知识接受者的方式来提供信息。因此C项符合句意。

8.翻译题

很多人认为没有兄弟姐妹的孩子很幸运，因为他们可以得到物质享受和别人的注意。但是想一想独生子女没有隐私父母总是感觉自己有权知道发生在他或她生活中的一切。身为独生子女的第二个缺点是缺少某些优势，而这恰恰是有兄弟姐妹的孩子所拥有的。独生子女无法因为事情出错而责备兄弟姐妹，或是索要哥哥姐姐以前曾被给予的特权。此外，独生子女也失去了兄弟姐妹的陪伴。结果就是孤独，以及在日后的生活中交朋友也会遇到麻烦，因为他们从未学过与兄弟或姐妹相处。

【答案】Manypeoplebelievethatchildrenwithoutsiblingsareverylucky,becausetheyhaveaccesstohighermaterialcomfortandmoreattentions.However,singlechildren,generallyspeaking,arenotentitledtoprivacyrightbecauseparentsalwaysthinktheymustlearnaboutwhattheirchildrenhavemetanddone.Beingsinglechildren,theywillbelackofsomeadvantagesthatthosehavingsiblingspossess,suchasblamingsiblingsforhavingdonewrongandclaimingsomeprivilegeswhichelderbrothersorsistershaveaswellasbeingaccompaniedbythem.Asaresult,fortheyfeellonelyandhavenoexperiencesgettingalongwithsiblings,singlechildrenwillencounterdifficultyinmakingfriendsinthefuture.

9.单选题

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

问题1选项

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析。句意：John并不是被（）选择的；他被选来承担这份工作是因为他拥有的工作经验最丰富。

deliberately故意地，谨慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者择一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily随意地，武断地。D选项“随意地”符合句意。

10.单选题

ThesculpturallegacythatnewUnitedStates______itscolonialpredecessorswasfarfromarichone,andinfact,in1776sculpturesasanartformwasstillinthehandsofartisansandcraftspeople.

问题1选项

A.inheritedfrom

B.inheritedin

C.adaptedto

D.adoptedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项inheritedfrom“从……继承……”；B选项inheritedin非固定搭配；C选项adaptedto“适应于”；D选项adoptedto“采用”。句意：新美洲从其殖民前辈那里______的雕塑遗产远不是丰富的，事实上，在1776年，雕塑作为一种艺术形式仍然在工匠和手艺人手中。根据语境，A选项inheritedfrom“从……继承……”搭配legacy“遗产”比较合理，意指从先辈那里继承的雕塑艺术遗产，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

11.翻译题

TheChinesepresenceinthecoloniesstirredmanyAustraliananxieties.AustraliancolonistslikedtothinkofthemselvesasBritish,buttheybegantoseetheywereBritishinstrangegeo-politicalsurroundings.TheysuspectedAustraliamightbeonagreatChinesefloodplain.ItwasclearlywellwithinreachofChineseinfluence.California,anothergoldrushsociety,hadalsoexperiencedasubstantialinfluxofChinese.TherealizationgrewthatAustraliashouldnotlookjusttoBritain.ItsharedstrategicinterestswithotherwhitecommunitiesinthePacific,especiallywithAmerica.Butthepacificwasacontestedocean.Fromthe1880s,itwasincreasinglyapparentthatChinaandJapanwerealsonearbyPacificnations.

(1)ThepresenceofsomanyChineseintensifieddebateonthepotentialcharacterofAustraliansociety.Potentconcernshaddevelopedaboutcivicvaluesingoldrushcommunities,concernsaggravatedbyAustralia'sconvictorigins.Goldwasaseductive,richlymythologizedsubstance.ItsdiscoveryintheAustraliancoloniespublicizedtheirpotentialmorethananythingelsehadyetdone.Goldattractedayoung,cosmopolitan,ambitious,predominantlywhitemalepopulation,oftenimbuedwithadvanceddemocraticviews.YetasDavidGoodmanhasshown,thisinfluxstirredanxietiesaboutthemoralstabilityofthesegold-seekingcommunities.Agold-obsessedsocietyappearedapoorfoundationforastableculturedsociety.Manysocialcommentatorsfoundtheprospectthatworkingmencouldgainsuddenwealthinthiswayverydisturbing.Wouldpeoplestillvalueachievementswroughtbysteadylabourandindustrioushabits?Whatwouldhappentomoralvalues?(2)Therewasanothermoredisturbingthought.IfAustraliacouldproduceonlytheserough,uncivilizedcommunities,mightitnotlosethemoralauthoritybywhichAustralians,claimingtherightsofasuperiorculture,soughtexclusiveaccesstothecontinent?WereAustraliansstillworthyoftheirimmenseopportunities?

QuestionsoftenureandentitlementwereintensifiedbythedispossessionoftheAustralianAborigines.OneofthemainjustificationsusedatthattimefortakingoverAboriginallandcamefromthebeliefthattheywereaprimitive,nomadicpeoplewithnofixedsettlementsorhabitsofagriculture.Itwasthoughtthattheydidnotvaluetheirlandandhadnocapacitytodevelopit(3)Oneofthetroublingparadoxesofgoldseekingpopulationswasthattheyalsowereahighlymobilewanderingtribe,insomewayssimilartotheAboriginestheysoughttodisplace.AnxietiesaboutthecontinuityofwhitesettlementinAustraliaintensifiedimpulsestovilifyAboriginesandtokeepAsiansout.Themajorquestionrevolvedaroundentitlementtotheland.(4)Inthebluntlanguageofthelatenineteenthcentury,ifwhitehadreplacedblackbecauseblackwasnotdevelopingthecontinent,whyshouldyellownotreplacewhiteonpreciselythesamegrounds?IfEuropeancommunitiesinAustraliawerenotseentobecivilizedandproductive,thecaseforsoletenureofAustraliabywhitesmightbeseriouslyweakened.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）这么多中国人的出现加剧了这场关于澳大利亚社会潜在性格的争论。淘金社区的公民价值观引起了人们强烈的关注,这种关注又因澳大利亚人原本就是罪犯的后裔而变得更为严重。黄金是一种充满诱惑而又富有神话色彩的物质。

（2）还有另一种更令人不安的思想。如果澳大利亚只能形成这些粗俗而又不文明的社区,那么对于声称享有优等文化权利的澳大利亚人来说,难道不会丢失他们建立在找到通往澳洲大陆的独有途径上的那份道德权威吗？澳大利亚人仍然值得拥有巨大的机遇吗？

（3）淘金社区的人们有一个令人烦恼的悖论,即他们也是高度漂移的部落,这在某些方面类似于他们试图取代的土著居民。因为担忧白人殖民者在澳大利亚定居的连续性,促使他们对土著居民进行诽谤和驱逐亚洲人。

（4）用十九世纪末生硬的语言来讲,如果白人取代黑人是因为黑人没有发展澳洲大陆,那么为什么依据同样的理由黄色人就不应该去取代白人呢？如果在澳大利亚的欧洲社区不被看作是文明并富有成效的,完全由白人统治澳大利亚的状况就有可能被严重削弱。

12.单选题

Assoonasweenteredthehouse,wefeltanintangiblesenseofgloomandhopelessness.

问题1选项

A.untouchable

B.unconscious

C.imponderable

D.unjustifiable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词intangible意为“无形的，触摸不到的；难以理解的”；A选项“untouchable”意为“达不到的；不可批评的；不可捉摸的”；B选项“unconscious”意为“无意识的；失去知觉的；不省人事的；未发觉的”；C选项“imponderable”意为“无重量的；无法计算的”；D选项“unjustifiable”意为“不合道理的；不能分辩的；辩护不了的”。句意：我们一走进房子，就感到一种难以言喻的阴郁和绝望。由题干可知，senseofgloomandhopelessness（忧郁和绝望的感觉）是无法触摸的，所以可以推测出intangible在此处最可能是“触摸不到的”的意思，四个选项中untouchable具有“不可捉摸的”的意思，与此相近。因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness（）leftuntreated.

问题1选项

A.after

B.if

C.since

D.unless

【答案】B

【解析】考查条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句和主句的主语一致，则从句中的主语和be动词可以一同省略，此句省略了theillnessis。句意：这种疾病如果不加以治疗，就会导致完全失明。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filledpain-freelifeequalstohappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.

Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,andself-improvement.

Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment,forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.

Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon'tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenwillneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowinguporofplayingwithagrandchild.

Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyinganewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecause.

2.Raisingchildren,intheauthor’sopinion,is.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimesstemsfrom.

4.Tounderstandwhattruehappinessis,onemust.

5.Whatistheauthortryingtotellus?

问题1选项

A.heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilities

B.hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfultoremainsingle

C.hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriage

D.hefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitement

问题2选项

A.amoralduty

B.arewardingtask

C.athanklessjob

D.asourceofinevitablepain

问题3选项

A.hatred

B.misunderstanding

C.prejudice

D.ignorance

问题4选项

A.haveasmuchfunaspossibleduringone’slifetime

B.makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompain

C.putupwithpainunderallcircumstances

D.beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun

问题5选项

A.iItispainthatleadstohappiness

B.Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness

C.Itisimportanttomakecommitments

D.Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第三段最后两句提到单身生活充满着乐趣、冒险以及兴奋，而婚姻虽然偶尔也会有这些，但是不再是主要的特征（Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures），由此可知在他们看来，婚姻会影响他们的精彩生活，选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第四段提到没有孩子的夫妻无法感受到那种看着自己孩子慢慢长大的喜悦感（Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenwillneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowinguporofplayingwithagrandchild），因此选项B符合题意。

3.判断推理题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到它把我们从嫉妒中解放出来，我们现在能够理解那些玩得开心的人实际上可能并不幸福（Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall），由此推测出之所以会嫉妒是因为误解：以为那些看起来开心的人是真的幸福，因此选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第一句话提到理解并且接受真正的幸福与乐趣无关是最自由的认识之一(Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations)，因此选项D符合题意。

5.判断推理题。在作者看来，幸福与痛苦是分不开的，并不是完全没有痛苦的人生就是幸福的人生（Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filledpain-freelifeequalstohappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness），因此选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Itwouldbewrong（）thatfactor.

问题1选项

A.tonotconsider

B.nottoconsider

C.toconsidernot

D.tobeconsidering

【答案】B

【解析】考查不定式的否定形式。由于不定式的否定形式为not+to+动原，所以选项A、C、D均错误，B选项正确。句意：不考虑那个因素将是错误的。

16.翻译题

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)ElNinoisanintermittentdisruptionoftheclimatesystemcenteredintheequatorialPacificthathaseffectsonshort-termclimatearoundthePacificbasin.

TounderstandElNino,itisnecessarytounderstandthenormaltrade-windsysteminthetropicalPacific.(2)Thesunheatstheequatorialregionsmorestronglythantherestoftheglobe,soairtendstorisefromthesurfacethere,replacedbyinflowfromthesubtropics.TheCoriolisEffectturnstheseinflowstotherightinthenorthernhemisphereandtotheleftinthesouthern,resultinginthegreattrade-windbeltsthatblowequatorwardandwestwardoverthewidthofthetropicalPacific.(3)Intheocean,thesewindstendtopushthesurfacewatertowardsthewest,sosealevelatIndonesiaisabout50cmhigherthanattheSouthAmericancoast,whichgivesanideaofthepowerandsteadinessofthetradewinds.Assurfacewaterispushedwest,coolersubsurfacewaterisdrawnuptothesurfaceintheeasternequatorialPacific.Thisupwelledwaterisnutrientrich,andsupportsalargepopulationofmarineandbirdlife,aswellasanimportantfisheryoffthecoastofPeruandEcuador.(4)Then,duringitsjourneywest,surfacewaterisheatedbythesuntotemperaturesofabout29℃overahugeareawestofthedateline,knownasthewestPacificwarmpool,wheretheoceanisroughly6℃higherthanwhenthewatercametothesurfaceintheeast.Thisairisalsoveryhumidduetoitslongpassageoverthetropicalocean,andwhenitrisesinthewestheavyprecipitinisproducedoverIndonesiaandSoutheastAsia.

Thewarmpoolisoneofthemajordrivingforcesofworldclimate.Itswarmthstrengthenstherisingmotioninthewestandtherebyreinforcesthewestwardwindsofthetradewindsystem.(5)Therising,moisture-ladenairpumpsheatandwatervaporintotheupperatmosphere,whereitcanbecarriedgreatdistances.Thehugesourceofheathelpssetthepathofthejetstreamsthatcontroltemperate-zoneweather,muchasalargerockinastreamdeterminesthepatternofwaterflow,includingwaverymotionsthatextendwelldownstreamoftherock.Therefore,whenthewarmpoolchangesshapeorposition,theeffectsrippleoutwardtoaffectmuchoftheworld’sweather.

【答案】1.厄尔尼诺现象是一种以赤道太平洋为中心的气候系统的间歇性中断，对太平洋盆地周围的短期气候产生影响。

2.太阳对赤道地区的加热要比地球上其他地区强烈得多，所以那里的空气往往会从表面上升，取而代之的是来自亚热带的流入。

3.在海洋中，这些风倾向于将表层海水推向西部，因此印度尼西亚的海平面比南美洲海岸高出约50厘米，这让我们了解了信风的力量和稳定性。

4.然后，在它向西航行的过程中，地表水在一个巨大的国际日期变更线以西的区域被太阳加热到约29摄氏度，这片区域被称为西太平洋暖池，那里的海洋温度比海水到达东方表面时大约高出6摄氏度。

5.上升的充满水分的空气将热量和水蒸气抽到高层大气中，在那里它们可以被带去很远的地方。

17.单选题

Theworld-famousBritishMuseumwhichhousesa(n)（

）collectionofvaluablebooks,paintings,worksofarts,etc.attractsmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.

问题1选项

A.immersible

B.miscellaneous

C.overwhelming

D.unified

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。immersible“可浸入的”；miscellaneous“混杂的，各种各样的”；overwhelming“巨大的，压倒性的”；unified“统一的”。句意：世界著名的大英博物馆收藏了大量有价值的书籍、画作及艺术作品，每年吸引了上百万游客。选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Youmayhaveseenthiswhenyoutriedtoopenanewbankorcreditcardaccountandyouwerepresentedwithsomemultiplechoicequestionsaskingyoutoverifywhereyougotyour（

）orcarloan.

问题1选项

A.complication

B.revenue

C.mortgage

D.chasm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项complication“并发症；混乱；复杂化”；B选项revenue“税收收入；收益”；C选项mortgage“抵押；按揭”；D选项chasm“峡谷；分歧”。句意：当你尝试开立一个新的银行或信用卡账户时，你可能已经看到了这一点。你会被问到一些选择题，要求核实你的汽车贷款或……是从哪里来的。C选项符合题意。

19.问答题

Identityisabouthowwedefinewhoweare.Literally,bothidentityandtheselfmean“thesameas”.Inculturaltheoryidentityisusedtodescribetheconsciousnessofselffoundinthemodernindividual.Themodernselfisunderstoodtobeautonomousandself-critical.TheGermanphilosopherG.W.F.Hegelsawindividualism,therighttocriticismandautonomyofactionasthethreemaincharacteristicsofmodernsubjectivity.Thisself-reflexiveaspectofidentitymeansthat,inthemodernage,identityisunderstoodtobeaproject.Itisnotfixed.Theautobiographicalthinkingthatcharacterizesmodernidentitycreatesacoherentsenseofapastidentity,butthatidentityhastobesustainedinthepresentandremadeinthefuture.Theconstantremakingofidentityrevealsthatthesenseofselfistosomeextentanillusion,becausethemakingoftheselfrequiresaconstantinteractionwiththenot-selfornon-identity:theexternalworld.

InmodemWesternsocieties,certainidentitieshavebeenprivilegedoverothers.Menhavebeenprivilegedoverwomen.WhiteEuropeanshavebeenprivilegedovernon-whites.Certainmodesofsexualbehaviorhavedefinednormalagainstdeviantsexualidentities.“Identitypolitics”isthetermusedtodescribetheemergenceintothepoliticalarenaofidentitiesotherthanthoseofwhite,European,heterosexualmen.TheassertionofalternativeidentitieshasfollowedanumberofdifferentstrategieswhichJonathanDollimoredividesintofourtypesof“reversediscourses”:(1)theassertionofapositiveidentityasnormalandnaturalasthedominant“norm”;(2)theassertionofanegativeidentity,whichisabnormal,butcanbeexplainedandassimilatedbyrecoursetolegitimating(forexample,medicalorscientific)discourses;(3)theassertionofadifferentidentityasmorenaturalandnormalthanthedominantnorm;(4)thestrategyoftransgression,wheretheverycategoriesthatdefinewhatisnormalandabnormalaresubverted.Thefirstofthesefourcanbedescribedasessentialiststrategies.Theyassertoppositionalidentityasessentiallyunchangeable.Anexamplewouldbetheculturalmovementknownas“negritude”whichemergedattheendoftheFrenchEmpire.Oneofitsleadingproponents,LeopoldSenghorarguedthatAfricancultureis“moresensitivetotheexternalworld,tothematerialaspectofbeingsandthings”.However,theresultofsuchstrategiesisoftenanti-essentialist.AnassertiveAfricanculturewillinfactchangethenatureofbothAfricanandEuropeanidentities.Thefourthreversediscourseisexplicitlyanti-essentialist.Identityisunderstoodtobeperformative,notbasedonanyessentialcharacteristics,butratherisaperformancebasedonculturalexpectations.Dollimore’sexampleofananti-essentialistidentityisOscarWilde,whofamouslyarguedfortheprimacyofcultureinhisstatementthat“lifeimitatesart”.

Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinidentitypoliticsemergingfromthisinsighthasbeenqueerpolitics.Thishasdevelopedfromlesbianandgaypolitics;butqueerpoliticsresiststhedivisionofsexualityintoabinaryoppositionofessentialisthomosexualorheterosexualidentities.Instead,JudithButlerarguesthatidentitiesaretheproductsofthediscoursesthatdefinesexuality.Weperformmasculinityorfemininity,homosexualityorheterosexualityaccordingtoascriptalreadywrittenastheculturalconventionsofoursociety.Inthisview,identitiesareculturalconstructionsratherthanpre-set.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythat“inthemodernage,identityisunderstoodtobeaproject”inParagraph1?

3.Inwhoseinterestsistheterm“identitypolitics”putforwardinParagraph2?

4.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofOscarWildeinParagraph2?

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

【答案】1.Thepassageisabout(thedefinitionof)identity.

2.Becausethepastidentityhastobesustainedinthepresentandremadeinthefuture.

3.PeoplewhoarenotprivilegedinmodernWesternsociety.

4.Becausehearguedfortheprimacyofcultureinhisstatement,whichsubvertedtheverycategoriesthatdefinewhatisnormalandabnormal.

5.Thefollowingparagraphwilldiscusstheinfluencesonidentitiesthatsocialculturebrings.

20.单选题

Competentresearcherscitethemostauthoritativesource,butwhatcountsasauthoritativeagainvariesbyfield.Notetheauthoritieswhomresearchersinyourfieldcitemostoften,whatprocedurestheytrust,whatrecordstheyregularlycite.Ifyouaredealingwithprimarysources(originaltextsofbooks,plays,diaries,andsoon),besurethatyoureditionisrecentandpublishedbyareputablepress.Thereareon-lineelectroniceditionsofShakespearesosloppilyeditedthatusingthemwouldlabelyouasincompetent.

Whenstudentsareunfamiliarwithorcan’tfindauthoritativesecondarysourcesscholarlyjournalsandbooks——theyoftenresorttotertiarysources:textbooks,articlesinencyclopedias,mass-circulationpublications.Ifthesearetheonlysourcesavailable,sobeit,butneverassumethattheyareauthoritative.Beespeciallycautiousaboutbooksoncomplexissuesintendedformassaudiences.Authorswhowritefortheordinaryreaderaboutbrainsorblackholesareusuallycompetent,sometimesdistinguishedresearchers.Buttheymustalwayssimplify,sometimesoversimplify,andarealwaysoutofdate.Soifyoustartyourresearchwithapopularbook,lookatthedatesofthejournalscitedinitsbibliography.

Authorityalsodependsonbeingcurrent,butagain,differentfieldsjudgecurrencyindifferentways.Inthesciences,out-of-datamightbeamonthago.Inthehumanities,ascholarmightjudgeasreliableabookmorethanacenturyold.Thebestwaytojudgecurrencyistoskimdatesinbibliographiesofrecentjournalarticles.Whatseemstobethecutoffdate?Assumethatmosttextbooksandreferencebooksareout-of-date.

1.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageistotellstudents（）.

2.Theauthorswouldprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

3.Accor