考研考博-英语-南通科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

IfI______forajob,I______theadvertisementcolumnseverymorning.

问题1选项

A.waslooking...hadread

B.werelooking...couldread

C.looked…shouldhadread

D.werelooking...wouldread

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句子中的关键词everymorning“每天早上”可知，本句考查的是对现在事实相反的假设，if从句中动词用一般过去时，be动词用were，主句谓语动词为should/would/could+动词原形，所以A、C两项可以排除；根据语境可知，情态动词选择would最符合句意。句意：如果我在找工作，我会每天早上看广告栏。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.单选题

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?Whyisthecurrentpoliticsofwealthandpovertyseeminglyaboutwealthalone?Eightyearsago,whenBillClintonfirstranforpresident,theDowJonesaveragewasunder3,500,yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond,andnoonetalkedaboutthe“permanentboom”orthe“neweconomy”.Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof“notleavingasinglepersonbehind”.Itispossiblethatsimilar“compassionate”rhetoricmightyetplayaroleinthegeneralelection.

Butitisstrikinghowmuchlesstalkthereisaboutthepoorthantherewaseightyearsago,whenthecountrywaseconomicallyuncertain,orinpreviouseras,whenthecountyfeltflush.Evenlastsummer,whenClintonspentseveraldaysonaremarkabletourthroughimpoverishedareasfromIndianreservationsinSouthDakotatoghettoneighborhoodsinEastSt.Louis,theadministrationdecidedtorefertotheeffortnotasapovertytourbutasa“newmarketinitiative”.

Whatishappeningispartlyalogical,policy-drivenreaction.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.Themostattractivesolutiontoit—agrowingeconomy—isbeingapplied.Thepeoplewhohavebeentotallyleftoutofthisboomoftenhavemedical,mentalorotherproblemsforwhichnoonehasanimmediatesolution.“Theeconomyhassuckedinanyonewhohasanypreparation,anyabilitytocopewithmodernlife,”saysFranklinD.Raines,theformerdirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudgetwhoisnowheadofFannieMac.Whenheandotherpeoplewhospecializeintheissuetalkaboutsolutions,theytalkanalyticallyandonalongtermbasis:education,developmentofworksill,shiftsinthelabormarket,andadjustmentsinwelfarereform.

ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.ItistheunusualsocialandimaginativeseparationbetweenprosperousAmericaandthosestillleftout.It’ssimpleinvisibilitybecauseofincreasinggeographic,occupational,andsocialbarriersthatblockonegroupfromtheother’sview.

26.Whatdoestheword“straitened”inthefirstparagraphmean?

27.Whatisoneimportantreasonwhywedonottalkmuchaboutpovertyaccordingtotheauthor?

28.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

29.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Straightforward

B.Wealthy

C.Distant

D.Difficult

问题2选项

A.Nooneknowswhattodoaboutit.

B.Noonehasbeenleftoutofthecurrentboom.

C.Povertyreallyislowerthaninthepast.

D.Thepresidentisnotconcernedaboutthepoor.

问题3选项

A.Therelationshipbetweentherichandthepoorhaschanged.

B.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontopoverty.

C.Thegoodeconomywillsoonend.

D.Allpeoplebenefitfromgoodeconomicconditions.

问题4选项

A.Toentertain.

B.Topersuade.

C.Totellastory.

D.Todescribe.

问题5选项

A.Weweremoreawareofthepoorinthepastthanwearetoday.

B.Thepoorarebenefitingfromtoday’sgoodeconomy.

C.Thecountryisenjoyingeconomicgrowth.

D.Thereweremanymorepoorpeoplethantherearetoday.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】26.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干定位到文章第一段中的“yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond每年的联邦预算赤字预计将永远达到数千亿美元，甚至更高”和“Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof‘notleavingasinglepersonbehind’.然而，在这段更紧张的时间里，克林顿强调了‘不让一个人掉队’的重要性。”可推知straitened有“贫困的，困难的”的意思，所以D项difficult“困难的”正确。A项“简单的；坦率的”；B项“富有的”；C项“遥远的；冷漠的”；D项“困难的”，因此D选项正确。

27.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章第三段中的第二句“Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.贫困率确实比过去几十年都要低，尤其是对少数群体而言。”可知C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”正确。A项“没有人知道该怎么做。”；B项“没有人被排除在当前的繁荣之外。”；C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”；D项“总统不关心穷人。”，因此C选项正确。

28.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中的第一句“ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.但我认为，还有另一种力量，使这个时代成为一个穷人几乎不见踪影的富裕时代。”可推知A项“富人和穷人之间的关系发生了变化。”正确，除A项之外的其他选项文中并未提及。A项“富人和穷人之间的关系发生了变化。”；B项“我们应该更加关注贫困问题。”；C项“良好的经济将很快结束。”；D项“所有人都从良好的经济条件中受益。”，因此A选项正确。

29.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】作者意图题。结合全文内容可知，这篇文章是作者在阐述为什么现在人们不去讨论“贫困”，和为什么这个时代成为一个穷人几乎不见踪影的富裕时代。A项“娱乐”，B项“说服”，文章并未体现。C项“讲故事”，不符合。D项“描述”，符合题意。因此D选项正确。

30.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。结合全文知，A项“我们过去比现在更关注穷人。”B项“穷人正受益于今天良好的经济。”未提及。C项“这个国家正在享受经济增长。”，D项“当时的穷人比现在多很多。”从文中的第一段“Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?”以前，当我们有了财富，我们就会开始讨论贫穷。为什么现在不讨论了呢？由此可知，A选项符合。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Mybrother’splansarevery（）;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

问题1选项

A.arbitrary

B.aggressive

C.ambitious

D.abundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。arbitrary“任意的，武断的，专制的”；aggressive“侵略性的，有进取心的”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的，有雄心的”；abundant“丰富的，充裕的”。句意：我哥哥的计划很有野心，他想在16岁前掌握英语，法语和西班牙语。C项符合题意。

4.单选题

（

）downthanthetelephonerang.

问题1选项

A.NotuntilIlay

B.NosoonerhadIlain

C.HardlyhadIlain

D.ScarcelydidIlie

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句。lie“躺；位于”，其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是：lay,lain,lying；lay“放，搁，下蛋”，其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是：laid,laid,laying。句意：我刚躺下，电话就响了。Nosonner…than…为固定句式，且前半句需要部分倒装，所以选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Over-workingofthelandinsomecountrieshasledtosoil（

）ofnutrients,which,inturn,willleadtobarrenland.

问题1选项

A.repleted

B.grieved

C.depleted

D.deplored

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Replete“充满的，装满的”，没有单词repleted；grieved“伤心的”；depleted“耗尽的，废弃的”；deplored为动词的过去式，根据句子结构，可知此处应填入形容词作后置定语，修饰soil。句意：在一些国家，土地的过度耕作已经导致土壤耗尽营养物，这反过来又会导致土地贫瘠。选项C符合题意。

6.填空题

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文语境。根据Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并没有像气候模型预测的那样变暖）中的predicted可知此处应该是predictions.句意：《自然》杂志上发表的一项新研究表明，小型火山爆发可能是全球变暖速度没有跟上之前预测的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个形容词。选项中能与atmosphere搭配的形容词是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（对地球表面和低层大气的温度的影响）符合句意。

68.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个程度副词修饰little表示“相当小”。根据句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在过去，研究人员观察到温室气体水平的增加和全球变暖，但在过去的15年里，地球表面的温度几乎没有显示出相当小的变暖迹象），可知应该填入relatively程度副词。

69.考查句子结构和语法。前面有不定冠词a和形容词clear,此处应该填入一个单数名词，选项里面只有signal符合。句意：我们所展示的是，即使没有任何计算机模型计算，也有明确的信号表明，这些早期的火山活动对温度和大气反射的阳光产生了影响。

70.

考查句子结构和语态。根据hasbeenlargely…by判断，这里是一个被动语态，需要填动词的过去分词，选项里面只有ignored是过去分词。句意：到目前为止，这种降温效应在很大程度上一直被气候科学家所忽视。

7.单选题

Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.

问题1选项

A.guarantee

B.security

C.demand

D.target

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。guarantee保障，担保；security安全；demand需求；target目标。

句意：身体健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有国家经济和社会可持续发展的保障。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Amembershipcard（

）theholdertousetheclub'sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.

问题1选项

A.approves

B.authorizes

C.rectifies

D.endows

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项approve“批准；赞成；为……提供证据”；B选项authorize“批准；认可；授权给”；C选项rectify“改正；精馏”；D选项endow“赋予；捐赠；天生具有”。句意：持有会员卡的人……在12个月内使用俱乐部的设施。有会员卡的人自然是“被授权”使用俱乐部设施，B选项正有authorizesb.to“授权某人做……”这一用法。

9.单选题

Astheartistwas（）topollen,heseldomwentintothecountrytosketchthenaturalbeautyinspring.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.allergic

C.fragile

D.unchallenged

【答案】B

【解析】形容词搭配题。destructive破坏的，毁灭性的；allergic过敏的，beallergictosth.指对某物过敏；fragile脆的，易碎的；unchallenged不回避的。句意：由于艺术家对花粉过敏，所以他春天很少去乡下写生。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbe（）frompunishmentifhesaidwhatheknewaboutthemurder.

问题1选项

A.immune

B.immigrant

C.imminent

D.infallible

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。immune“免疫的”；immigrant“移民的”；imminent“即将来临的”；infallible“绝对可靠的”。句意：如果这个罪犯能说出有关谋杀犯的事，他可以免受惩罚。选项A符合题意。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

有时候对一个人来说需要终生的时间才能懂得活着就是为了奉献。

文化是一切。文化是我们着装的方式,是我们走路的方式,是我们系领带的方式。

时间是个多才多艺的表演者。它能展翅飞翔,能阔步前进,也能治愈创伤。

音乐是你自身的体验,你的思想,你的智慧。

国家的发展取决于年轻一代的素质,这是么人皆知的事实。

【答案】Sometimes,itwilltakealifetimetounderstandthatlivingisfordevotion.

Cultureiseverything.Itisthewaywedress,walkandtieourties.

Timeisaversatileperformer.Itcanspreaditswingstofly,strideforwardlyandcureanywounds.

Musicisyourpersonalexperience,yourthoughtandyourwisdom.

Itiswidelyknownthatthedevelopmentofacountrydependsonthequalityofyoungergeneration.

12.单选题

Today,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical（）.

问题1选项

A.facilities

B.appliances

C.instruments

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项facility（其复数形式为facilities）“设施；设备；容易”；B选项appliances“器械，装置；家用电器”；C选项instrument“仪器；工具”；D选项equipment“设备，装备；器材”。句意：如今，家务已因家用电气而变得更容易。根据句中“housework家务”可知“家用电器”符合语境，因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Thosepersonswhosereligious（）heavilyreliedonrituals，suchasinfantbap-

tism,weremorelikelytosupporttheDemocrats.

问题1选项

A.confession

B.condemnation

C.establishment

D.acknowledgement

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。句意：那些宗教（）极为依赖诸如婴儿洗礼等仪式的人更可能支持民主党。A选项confession忏悔，承认；B选项condemnation谴责，定罪；C选项establishment建立；D选项acknowledgement承认，确认。A选项confession符合句意。

14.单选题

Thereisa（）differenceinmeaningbetweenthetwowords“surroundings”and“environment”.

问题1选项

A.gentle

B.feeble

C.subtle

D.humble

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项gentle“温和的；文雅的”；B选项feeble“微弱的；虚弱的”；C选项subtle“微妙的；细微的；敏感的；稀薄的”；D选项humble“谦逊的；简陋的；（级别或地位）低下的”。句意：“surroundings”与“environment”这两个单词在意思上存在细微的差异。根据句意，选项C正确。

15.单选题

“ThatEnglishfellow’ssongsareveryportic.”“（）thewordstothesongs,buthealsocomposesthemusic.”

问题1选项

A.Healsowrite

B.Althoughhewrites

C.Notonlydoeshewrite

D.Itisnotallthathewrites

【答案】C

【解析】notonly...butalso...为固定搭配。句意：他不仅自己作词,还自己作曲。

16.单选题

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityand(predispose)toemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotsowidespreadtodayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.

Thirdly,inthelastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.

ButBowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

1.Thispassageprimarilyarguesthat（

）.

2.Thephrase“predisposeto”(Para.1,line3)mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.AccordingtoBowlby'sanalysis,itisquitepossiblethat（

）.

4.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthesecondparagraphthat.

5.Thewriterconcludesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschools

B.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldbesenttonurseryschools

C.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresenttoschoolbeforetheyarethree

D.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhentheyaresenttoschoolaftertheageofthree

问题2选项

A.leadto

B.disposeto

C.getinto

D.tendtosuffer

问题3选项

A.children'spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthroughseparationfromtheirparents

B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren

C.childrenwillbeexposedtomanynegativeeffectsfromearlydaycarelateron

D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybereducedfromchildren’sdevelopment

问题4选项

A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage

B.Childreninmodemsocietiescausemoretroublesthanthoseintraditionalsocieties

C.AchilddidnotlivetogetherwithhisparentsamongtheNgoni

D.Childreninsomesocietiesdidnothaveemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromtheparents

问题5选项

A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool

B.Itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren

C.Itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool

D.Itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文讨论的是孩子三岁前是否应该去托管所的争议。

2.词义题。第一段中predisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife,根据句意可判断predispose的意思是“易受到”,D项(tendtosuffer)正确。

3.细节题。根据题干定位至第一段:…thatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityand(predispose)toemotionalproblemsinlaterlife(在从出生到三岁这段敏感的“依恋”时期与父母的分离可能会伤及孩子的人格，并在以后的生活中（倾向于）情感问题)。因此C项正确。

4.推断题。定位至第二段:Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.’这句话表明传统社会的父母不会在孩子很小时候和孩子分开，所以A选项错误，而第二句:Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.说明Ngoni父母不会独自抚养他们的孩子，即可推出C选项是正确的。而B项和D项文中没有提到，可以排除。

5.细节题。最后一段:Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy(在三岁或三岁半的时候，几乎所有的孩子都能轻松地过渡到托儿所),说明作者认为等孩子过了三岁再送去托儿所更合理。

17.单选题

Thescentofherperfume（）onintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.continued

B.lingered

C.covered

D.existed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项continue“继续，逗留”continue…on“继续”；B选项linger“消磨，缓慢度过”，linger…on“流连忘返，一直存在”；C选项cover“覆盖，包括”；D选项exist“存在，生存”，exist…on“靠……为生”。句意：她的香水味在房间里久久不散。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，B选项符合句意。

18.翻译题

Internationalmarketingisnotaluxurytobeconsideredasabonusontopofeverycompanyseekingtosustainitsowneconomicfuture.Itthereforerequirescommitmentandanequalshareoftheallocationofresourcesthatwouldnormallybecommittedtothedomesticmarket.Certainly,itlacksdefinitionandabodyofknowledgesufficienttoexcite,butitisbecausecompaniesdonotrecognizetheimportanceandneedforinternationalmarketingthatthereisthislackofsuitablepositionsforthosestudentsofinternationalmarketing.Notallcountries,however,holdinternationalmarketinginthesamelowesteem.WhilethismaybetrueoftheUnitedKingdomandNorthAmerica,itisnottrueofJapanwhereindustryandcommercehavemaintainedtraditionallystrongtieswithitsuniversitiesCoincidentally,Japanhasbeenforgingaheadininternationalmarketseveninthosecountriesinwhichitisnotatraditionalsupplier.

【答案】国际市场营销不是寻求维持自身经济发展的公司的像一种津贴样的奢侈品。因此，它要求享有与国内市场同样的权利，即一样的投入与资源配置。由于缺少对国际营销学的完整定义，许多企业并不重视国际市场营销的重要性和必要性，这就使得许多国际营销学专业的学生没有合适的工作岗位。然而，并非所有的国家都不重视国际营销学专业。英国和北美洲国家或许不重视，但是日本则完全不同。日本的工商业习惯上都与各类高校保持着紧密的联系。巧合地是，日本的国际市场营销，甚至在它不是传统性供应商的那些国家中，也一直是扶摇直上。

19.单选题

Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.AStheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.

SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundary:asubductionzone.Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesarequitedifferent.

Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.Asmagmarisesunderthemid-oceanridge,ferromagneticmineralsinthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthegeomagneticfield.Whenthemagmacooksandsolidifies,thedirectionandthepolarityofthefieldarepreservedinthemagnetizedvolcanicrock.Reversalsofthefieldgiverisetoaseriesofmagneticstripesrunningparalleltotheaxisoftherift.Theoceaniccrustthusservesasamagnetictaperecordingofthehistoryofthegeomagneticfieldthatcanbedatedindependentlythewidthofthestripesindicatestherateofthesea-floorspreading.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereareapproximatelyhowmanylithosphericplates?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttectonicplates?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelithosphereisLEASTlikelytobetrue?

5.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheperiodicreversaloftheEarth’smagneticfield?

问题1选项

A.Magneticfieldreversal.

B.Theformationofmagma.

C.Thelocationofmid-oceanridges.

D.Platetectonictheory.

问题2选项

A.Six.

B.Twelve.

C.Twenty-fourormore.

D.Onethousandninehundred.

问题3选项

A.Theyaremovinginrelationshiptooneother.

B.Theyhaveunchangingborders.

C.Theyarelocatedfarbeneaththelithosphere.

D.Theyhavethesameshape.

问题4选项

A.ItisarelativelyinflexiblelayeroftheEarth.

B.Itismadeupentirelyofvolcanicash.

C.ItincludesthecrustandsomeofthemantleoftheEarth.

D.Itisdividedintoplatesofvariousshapesandsizes.

问题5选项

A.Itisinexplicable.

B.Itsupportsthehypothesisofsea-floorspreading.

C.Itwasdiscoverybeforethe1960’s.

D.Itindicatestheamountofmagmapresent.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段第一句交代了Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述的是岩石圈的运动），随后对此话题进行展开，D选项“板块构造理论”正确，A选项“磁场逆转”，B选项“岩浆的形成”和C选项“洋中海脊的位置”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知C选项“24个或更多”符合题意。A选项“6”，B选项“12”和D选项“1900”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother（通常这些板块都处于相对运动中），可知A选项“它们在相对位移”正确。B选项“它们的边界不变”和D选项“它们的形状相同”：根据第二段第二、三句Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.（在那里，一块板块俯冲到另一块板块的边缘之下并与地幔结合在一起。），可知边界会改变，形状也不会相同。C选项“它们位于岩石圈深处”：根据第一段第一句Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述岩石圈的运动），可知板块构造包括整个岩石圈。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.（在20世纪60年代它的理论雏形中，描述了海底的生成和毁灭，但没有详细介绍坚硬的岩石圈板块。），可知这一段讲述的是海洋中岩石圈的情况，不是所有的，没有普遍性，B选项“它完全由火山灰构成”过于绝对，不符合文章内容。A选项“它是地球上一个相对不灵活的层”：根据第二段第一句SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.（由于地球的大小本质上是不变的，只有同等数量的岩石圈物质在其它地方被吞没，新的岩石圈才能生成。），可知岩石圈物质总体没有质的变化，只有数的变化，所以即使有生有灭，但是相对不灵活，符合文章内容。C选项“它包括地球的地壳和部分地幔”：根据第一段第一句thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle（岩石圈是相对坚硬的地球外层，包括全部地壳和部分地幔。），可知符合文章内容。D选项“它被分成各种形状和大小的板块”：根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.（海产品传播的观点实际上早于板块构造理论。）和第三句ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.（这个假设不久之后为发现所证实。该发现表明地球磁场周期性的逆转被记录在海洋地壳中。），可知作者讲述地球磁场的周期性逆转是为了支持海底扩张假说，B选项“支持海底扩张假说”正确，A选项“这无法解释”错误。C选项“在20世纪60年代之前被发现”：根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s（在20世纪60年代，它的理论雏形中），可知这是在20世纪60年代被发现而非在这之前。D选项“它表明岩浆的数量”。因此B选项正确。

20.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Whenluckplaysarole.

B.Whetherpracticemakesperfect.

C.Whatdeterminessuccess.

D.Howimportantnaturaltalentis.

问题2选项

A.Itknocksatyourdooronlyonceinawhile.

B.Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.

C.Itissomethingthatnoonecanpossiblycreate.

D.Itcomesnaturallyoutofone’sself-confidence.

问题3选项

A.Practiceisessentialtobecominggoodatsomething.

B.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizeopportunities.

C.Onemusthavenaturaltalenttobesuccessful.

D.Luckrarelycontributestoaperson’ssuccess.

问题4选项

A.Peoplewholovewhattheydocarelittleaboutmoney.

B.Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.

C.Puttingtimeandeffortintofunthingsisprofitable.

D.Peopleinneedofmoneyworkhardautomatically.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:IhavemanyBusinessEnglishstudents.[5]WhenIteachtheclassroom,weoftenenduptalkingaboutthingslikesuccessandwhatleadstosuccess.Andit’sinterestingthatmanyofthemmentiontheelementofluck.

M:Right.

W:Luckisimportanttosuccess.Butsinceyou’veseenthatfantasticvideoontheTedtalk’swebsitebyRichardSt.John,hedoesn’tmentionluckatall.

M:Well,I’mafirmbelieverthatpeoplecanmaketheirownluck.Imeanwhatpeopleregardasluck,youcanactuallycreatetoadegree.

W:Sure.[6]Ithinkalotofwhatpeopleconsiderluckisattributedtohowyourespondtotheopportunitiesthatcomeyourway.

M:Yes,verygoodpoint.

W:[6]Seizingtheopportunities.Butwasthereanypointinthevideothatyouthoughtwasparticularlyinteresting?

M:Yes,actuallytherewas.Somethingveryimpressivetomeismanypeoplethinkthatluckisimportantandthatnaturaltalentissomethingyoumusthaveinordertobesuccessful.[7]Andinthevideowesaw,thepointaboutgettinggoodatsomethingisnotabouthavingsomenaturaltalent,it’sallaboutpractice,practice,practice...

W:Definitelyyeah.Naturaltalenthelpsinsomeway.Butattheendoftheday,youreallydoneedtoworkhardandgetreally,reallygoodatwhatyoudo.

M:Sure.

W:Ithoughtoneinterestingthinginthevideowastheideaofpassionbeingsoimportantandthatpeoplewhoreallylovewhattheydo.Ofcourseyou’regoingtowanttoworkharderandputthetimeandeffortintoit.[8]Andthefunnythingisthatifyoulovewhatyoudoandarereallypassionateaboutitandworkreallyhard,themoneykindofcomesautomatically.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者主要在谈论什么？录音开头，女士就提到她在教学课堂上经常会讨论“成功”这个话题以及什么因素导致了成功。由此可知C选项“什么决定了成功”正确。A选项“幸运什么时候发挥作用”，录音只是提及幸运对于成功的作用，并没有提及什么时候发挥作用，因此可排除；B选项“是否熟能生巧”和D选项“个人天赋如何重要”在录音中虽有提及，但都不是说话人谈论的主要内容，因此也可排除。

6.Whatisthewoman’sviewofluck?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士是如何看待运气的？录音中，女士提到运气对成功来说是很重要，但是否有运气其实主要是看我们能否把握机会。B选项“运气意味着善于把握机会”符合录音原文，因此正确。A选项“幸运有时会自己找上门”和D选项“幸运自然来自于一个人的自信”在录音中均没有信息提及。C选项“幸运是任何人都不可能创造出来的”，录音中，男士提到一定程度