考研考博-英语-安阳学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安阳学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism.

B.Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution.

C.Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure.

D.Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily.

问题2选项

A.Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow.

B.Mostworkerscouldaffordtohaveahouseoftheirown.

C.Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange.

D.Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs.

问题3选项

A.Lossofworkers’personaldignity.

B.Deprivationofworkers’creativity.

C.Unequaldistributionofworkinghours.

D.Deteriorationofworkers’mentalhealth.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingTwo

Free-marketcapitalismhasn’tfreedus—ithastrappedus.It’simperativeforustoembraceawork-placerevolution.Weareunlikelytospendourlastmomentsregrettingthatwedidn’tspendenoughofourlivesslavingawayatwork.[19]Wemayinsteadfindourselvesfeelingguiltyaboutthetimewedidn’tspendwatchingourchildrengrow,orwithourlovedones,ortravelling,orontheculturalorleisurepursuitsthatbringushappiness.Unfortunately,theaveragefull-timeemployeeintheworldworks42hoursaweek,welloverathirdofthetimeweareawake.Someofouralltooprecioustimeisbeingstolen:officeworkersdoaroundtwobillionhoursofunpaidovertimeeachyear.Soitisextremelywelcomethatsomegovernmentcoalitionshavestartedlookingintopotentiallycuttingtheworkingweektofourdays.

Thechampionsoffreemarketcapitalismpromisedtheirwayoflifewouldbringusfreedom.Butitwasn’tfreedomatall:fromthelackofsecure,affordablehousingtogrowingjobinsecurityandrisingpersonaldebt,theindividualistrapped.[20]Ninedecadesago,leadingeconomistspredictedthattechnologicaladvancesandrisingproductivitywouldmeanthatwe’dbeworkinga15-hourweekbynow:thattargethasbeensomewhatmissed.

Hereisthemostmalignantthreattoourpersonalfreedom,particularlyasthebalanceofpowerintheworkplacehasbeenshiftedsodramaticallyfromworkertoboss.Ahugeportionofourlivesinvolvesthesurrenderofourfreedomandpersonalautonomy.It’stimeinwhichwearedirectedbytheneedsanddesiresofothers,anddeniedtherighttomakeourownchoices.That’sbadforus:itishardlysurprisingthat[21]overhalfamillionworkerssufferfromwork-relatedmentalhealthconditionseachyear,orthat15.4millionworkingdayswerelosttowork-relatedstresslastyear,ajumpofnearlyaquarter.

Yes,therearethosewho,farfrombeingoverworked,actuallyseekmorehours.Butashorterworkingweekwouldenableustoredistributehoursfromtheoverworkedtotheunderworked.Weneedtolookatwaysofcuttingtheworkingweekwithoutslashinglivingstandards:afterall,theworld’sworkershavealreadysufferedtheworstdeductioninwagessincetheearly1800s.Andcuttingtheworkingweekwouldbeconducivetotheindividual,givingmillionsofworkersmoretimetospendastheyseefit.

19.Whatdopeopleoftenfeelguiltyaboutaccordingtothespeaker?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是根据说话者的说法，人们通常对什么感到内疚？录音开头提到，我们可能会觉得内疚，因为我们没有花时间看着我们的孩子成长……或去追求那些带给我们快乐的休闲活动。因此C选项“没有花足够的时间在家庭生活和休闲上”正确。A选项“没有从自由市场资本主义中受益”，虽然录音处处透露出自由市场资本主义带给人的不好影响，但是说话者没有指出人们对此感到内疚，因此A选项可排除。B选项“没有在职场革命中发挥作用”和D选项“挣的钱不够养家”在录音中均未提及。

20.Whatdidleadingeconomistspredict90yearsago?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问90年前一流的经济学家预测了什么？录音提到，90年前一流的经济学家曾预测现在的我们每周只需工作15个小时，因此A选项“现在人们一周只工作15个小时”与录音原文表述一致。B选项“大多数工作者都有钱买房子”，录音中提及的是从缺乏安全的、负担得起的住房，到工作越来越得不到保障，再到个人债务不断增加，个人被困住了，并没有提及大多数人都有钱买房子，因此B选项不正确；C选项“工作场所的权力平衡将会改变”，录音中虽然提到相关信息，但这并不是经济学家的预测，因此C选项可排除；D选项“技术进步将创造许多新的工作岗位”在录音中并没有提及。

21.Whatistheresultofdenyingworker’srighttomaketheirownchoices?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问剥夺劳动者自主选择权的后果是什么？录音提到，我们被剥夺了选择的权利。这对我们是不利的：每年有超过50万的劳动者受累于与工作相关的精神健康问题。由此可知，D选项“劳动者心理健康状况恶化”与之意思符合，所以正确。A选项“丧失劳动者的人格尊严”和B选项“剥夺劳动者的创造力”在录音中没有提及；C选项“工作时间分配不均”，利用redistributehours设置干扰，录音只是说更短的工作周将使我们能够重新分配工作时间，并没有提到分配不均的问题，因此C选项错误。

2.单选题

Nomatterhowfrequently（

），theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudiences.

问题1选项

A.performed

B.performing

C.tobeperformed

D.beingperformed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:不管贝多芬的作品演奏多频繁，都能吸引大量的观众。

语法题。考查动词时态语态。perform与主语theworksofBeethoven在逆辑上是动宾关系，且“演奏”与句子谓语“吸引”没有时间上的先后顺序，用过去分词作状语。Nomatterhowfrequentlyperformed是省略了be动词are。故选A。

3.单选题

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Ithaschangedthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmoreimportant,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

1.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat（）.

2.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat（）.

3.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeansthat（）.

4.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforce

B.manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasing

C.peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactories

D.mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry

问题2选项

A.thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant

B.people’straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue

C.mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs

D.peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime

问题3选项

A.peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnology

B.futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutunbelievablechanges

C.theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlooked

D.computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservice

问题4选项

A.possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformation

B.givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialareinvolvedintheserviceindustries

C.involvethemselvesintheserviceindustries

D.casttheirmindaheadinsteadoflookingback

问题5选项

A.Computersandtheknowledgesociety

B.ServiceIndustriesintheModernSociety

C.FeaturesandmeaningsoftheNewEra

D.RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第一段第六句TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.（如今，美国、欧洲和日本的大部分工作（其中许多国家三分之二或更多）都在服务行业，而且这一数字还在上升。），可知服务行业提供大部分工作机会，故D选项“服务行业提供大部分工作机会”正确。A选项“服务业越来越依赖女性劳动力”：根据第一段倒数第二句，越来越多女性参加工作，但不等于服务业越来越依赖女性。B选项“制造业稳步增长”和C选项“人们发现在工厂工作越来越难以谋生”：根据第一段第五句，制造产品的人比例急剧下降，没有提到制造业薪水问题。因此D选项正确。

2.语义推测题。根据第一段第十句italsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself（它也形成一个基本的新的思考工作本身的性质的方式。）和最后一句Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers…allthesearebeingchallenged（长期以来人们对工作和职业的观念……所有这些都受到了挑战），可见人们对工作和职业的思考方式完全转变成另一种新的，故B选项“人们关于工作的传统观念不再成立”正确。A选项“雇员和雇主之间的差异已经变得微不足道”：根据第一段最后一句，雇员和雇主之间的关系受到挑战，没有提到差异微不足道。C选项“大多数人不得不做兼职工作”：根据第一段最后一句，兼职工作更多，不等于大多数人不得不做兼职工作。D选项“人们不得不时不时地换工作”：文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。

3.综合归纳题。第二段第一句Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead（我们只要回顾过去，就能对未来有所了解）和最后一句Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob（这将是你工作的方式），可知作者通过举计算机和其他发明的例子让读者知道未来技术的发展方向和对工作的影响，旨在表达要对技术的进步做出相应的反应，故A选项“人们应该能够对技术的进步做出迅速反应”正确。其余选项虽然作者有提到，但是不是核心意思。因此A选项正确。

4.综合归纳题。在第二段中，作者提到Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead…lookingahead20years…castyourmindahead10years（我们只要回顾过去，就能对未来有所了解……展望未来20年……以10年后的角度思考），可见作者反复强调现在就要把目光放在未来，故D选项“思考未来，而非看向过去”正确。A选项“掌握并懂得如何利用信息”：运用信息解决问题的能力是一方面，不是核心。B选项“充分发挥大脑潜能的人都从事服务业”和C选项“投身服务业”：服务业在近年来发展迅速，但文章没有重点讲在未来如何。因此D选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Aneweraisuponus（一个新的时代正向我们走来）和后文强调随着时代发展人们社会生活的变化，可知本文主要讲新时代的特征和意义，故C选项“新时代的特征和意义”正确。A选项“计算机与知识社会”，B选项“现代社会的服务业”和D选项“信息技术的快速发展”都不能完整概括文章主旨。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies’livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990s,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedstateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl,whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters—andtheowls—wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.

Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.

Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer,forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingEarth’sbiologicaldiversityisacomplexproblem.Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissue?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests（

）.

3.Amonghumanity’scurrentproblem,thechiefconcernofthescientistis（

）.

4.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.

B.Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.

C.Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.

D.Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.

问题2选项

A.mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitstightagainstpoverty

B.benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries

C.shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation

D.willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries

问题3选项

A.theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries

B.theexplosionofthehumanpopulation

C.thereductionofbiologicaldiversity

D.theeffectofglobalwarming

问题4选项

A.todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity’scurrentproblems

B.topointoutthedifferentviewsonhumanity'scurrentproblems

C.toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity'scurrentproblems

D.topresentthathumanity’scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.（这种未可预料的形势把环境保护者的利益与公司的利益以及要承受失业的个人的利益对立起来）可知C选项“因为它影响到某些群体的利益”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.（但是，随着人口快速增长，开垦土地以暂时避免贫苦和饥荒恶化，发展中国家可能会因此一贫如洗）可知A选项“可能会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷作斗争”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.（对地球而言，许多与科学家有关的变化都有可能夺去植物的生物多样性）可知C选项“生物多样性的减少”符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.（但是，解决人类当前的问题，只有通过协调一致的国际努力来控制人类人口，稳定大气层的组成，并保存完整的地球复杂的生命网）可知D选项“表达现在人类当前的问题只有通过各国的合作才能解决”符合题意。

5.单选题

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.

问题1选项

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。kidnap“绑架”；harass“扰乱，使烦恼”；heckle“诘问，责问”；harbor“庇护”。句意：总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信，强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Over-cultivationandalongperiodoferosionhasreducedthe（）ofmuchofthecountry'sfarm¬land.

问题1选项

A.sufficiency

B.fertility

C.prosperity

D.mobility

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。sufficiency"充足";fertility"肥力";prosperity"兴旺,繁荣";mobility"活动性,灵活性"。句意：过度耕种和长期的水土流失降低了这个国家大部分农田的肥力。选项B符合句意。

7.填空题

YourSmartphoneMayBeHurtingYourSleepA)Youloveyoursmartphone,butitmayberuiningyourZZZ’s.Useofthesedevices,especiallynearbedtime,isassociatedwithworsequalityofsleep,accordingtoanewstudy.“Whenwelookedatsmartphoneusearoundthetimewhenparticipantsreportedtheywenttobed,moresmartphoneusearoundthattimeinparticularwasassociatedwithalongertimetofallasleepandworsesleepqualityduringthenight,”saidDr.GregoryMarcus,authorofthestudyandanassociateprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.HisresearchwaspublishedWednesdayinthejournalPLOSOne.

B)Theword“crack-berry”becamepopularroughlyadecadeagotodescribetheaddictivequalityofBlackBerrydevices—arguablythefirstreallysuccessfulsmartphones.Today,almosteveryoneisasmartphonejunkie,standingwithheadbowedwhilewaitingforatrainorinlineatthepostoffice.

C)Knowingthatsmartphoneusehasincreasedtogetherwithsleepdeprivationrates,Marcusandhiscolleaguesdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthetwomightberelated.Toanswerthisquestion,heusedexitinginformationcollectedbyanInternet-basedstudyhestartedinMarch2016.

D)“HealthE-Heart,”whichwasfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthisdesignedtostudycardiovascularhealth.Anyone18yearsofageoroldercanenrollinHealthE-Heart,co-foundedbyDrs.MarkPletcherandJeffreyOlgin,professorsatUCSF.Aftersigningaconsentform,enrolledparticipantsself-reporttheirhealthdataviaaseriesofonlinequestionnaires.Theinformationisgathered,analyzedandusedtoresearchanddevelopstrategiestopreventandtreatallaspectsofheartdisease.

E)About80,000participantshaveenrolledinHealthE-Heart,Marcussaid.“We’vehadpeoplefromeverystateintheUS,lotsofpeoplefromeverystate,andweactuallyhavepeoplefrom50countries.”Marcusandhisco-foundersalsomakethedataavailabletootherscientistsconductingunrelatedstudies.Forthenewsmartphonestudy,Marcusmadeuseofthiswealthofinformationtoconducthisown“sub-study”.

F)OfthetotalHealthE-Heartenrollees,653peoplechosetoparticipateinandcompletethenewsmartphone-sleepstudy.Participantsinstalledanappontheirphonestoautomaticallyrecordthetotalnumberofminutesineachhourthescreenwasturnedon(totalscreentime)duringa30-dayperiod.TheseparticipantshadalreadyreportedtheirsleephoursandsleepqualityusingavalidatedquestionnaireaspartofthegeneralHealthE-Heartexperience,Marcusexplained.So,whenansweringthesleepassessmentquestions,participantsalsoentereddemographicdataplusinformationabouttheiralcoholuse,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandotherhealthissues.Byansweringsomanyquestions,participantswereunawareofwhattheresearcherswerestudying,explainedMarcus:“Wewouldn’texpectanybias.”

G)Analyzingthedata,theresearchersdiscoveredthat,onaverage,participantsusedtheirsmartphonesforatotalof38.4hoursovera30-dayperiod.Individualswithalongeraveragescreentimeweremorelikelytohavepoorersleepqualityandlesssleepoverall:About35%ofthosewhousedtheirsmartphonesforshorteramountsoftimethanaveragehadsleepdifficulties,comparedwith42%ofthosewithaverageorgreaterthanaverageuse.Andpoorqualitysleepwasmorelikelyforparticipantswhousedtheirsmartphonesnearbedtime.

H)Theresearchersdiscoveredthatscreen-timevariesthroughouta24-hourperiod,butmostoccursduringtheday.Yetforsomeparticipants,smartphoneusepeakedduringthenight.“Wecan’texcludethepossibilitythatsomepeoplecan’tsleepforsomecompletelyunrelatedreason,andbecausetheycan’tsleep,they’reusingtheirsmartphone,justtopassthetime,”Marcussaid.

I)Despitepotentialshortcomings,Marcusresearchisinlinewithotherstudiesshowingthattheuseoftechnologynearbedtimeisassociatedwithdifficultysleeping,suchasthe2015NationalSleepFoundationpoll.Otherresearchhasshownthatthebluelightemittedbysmartphones(andotherdigitaldevices)mightsuppressourbody’sproductionofmelatonin,ahormonethatinducestirednessandcontributestothetimingofsleep-wakecycles.“Sothere’ssomebiologicalplausibilitysupportingtheideathatthereisacausalrelationship,butweweren’tabletoidentifythat,”Marcusnoted.

J)“Itisbelievedthatsleepisarestorativeprocessandabasicbiologicneed,”saidDr.NeilKline,asleepphysician,internistandrepresentativeoftheAmericanSleepAssociation.“Whenanimals,includinghumans,aredeprivedofsleep,therearemanybodysystemsthatfail.Notonlydoesourperformance,memoryandattentionspansuffer,ourimmunesystemandendocrinesystemisalsoimpaired.”

K)Thoughmostofthesenegativeeffectshavebeenstudiedexclusivelyinadults,children’ssleepisalsoaffectedbytechnology,accordingtoanunrelatedstudy.LeadauthorBenCarter,aseniorlecturerinbiostatisticsatKing’sCollegeLondon,andhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatforteensandchildren,theuseofcellphones,tabletsandcomputersisassociatedwithlosingsleeptimeandsleepquality.

L)Marcussaidhesuspectsthatsomepeoplemaybeaffectedmorethanothersandoveruseofasmartphoneimpactstheirsleepmorethanitwouldforotherpeople.Hehopestoinvestigatethisquestioninthefuture.Basedonhisresults,hesuggestedthatinsomniacsandothertroubledsleepersshouldavoidlookingattheirscreensforhalfanhourorsobeforegoingtobedtoseewhetherthatmightenhancethequalityoftheirslumber.Headded,“There’salmostcertainlynoharmingivingthatagoodtry.”

11.Ouraddictiontosmartphonesdatesbacktoabouttenyearsago.

_________

12.DatafromHealthE-Heartarecollectedandusedforresearchersintoheartdiseases.

_________

13.ThefindingsofDr.Marcus’sstudyappearedinPLOSOne._________

14.Badsleepersareadvisednottousetheirsmartphoneshalfanhourorsobeforetheygotobed._________

15.Marcusstartedhisresearchbecausehesuspectedtheremightbesomecorrelationbetweensleeplossandsmartphoneuse._________

16.Theuseofdigitaldevicesaffectschildren’ssleeptoo.

_________

17.Tomakesurehisstudywasobjective,Marcusrequiredhissubjectstoprovidemanymoreoftheirlifedetailsthanjustsleephoursandsleepquality.

_________

18.Researchersfoundthosewhospendlongertimeplayingwiththeirsmartphonesaremorelikelytosleepbadly.

_________

19.Marcusconcededthatsomepeopleweresleeplessatnightforreasonsunrelatedtomobilephoneuse.

_________

20.Sleepisourbasicbiologicalneedandlackofitmaycauseourbodyfunctionstodecline._________

【答案】11.B

12.D

13.A

14.L

15.C

16.K

17.F

18.G

19.H

20.J

【解析】11.主旨大意题。题干意思为“我们对智能手机的上瘾可以追溯到大约十年前。”文章第二段主要讲了自十年前黑莓手机被生产出来之后，人们开始对智能手机上瘾，由此可推断出人们对智能手机的上瘾可追溯到大约十年前。因此段落B正确。

12.主旨大意题。题干意思为“来自健康E-Heart的数据被收集并用于研究心脏病。”文章段落D说到“Theinformationisgathered,analyzedandusedtoresearchanddevelopstrategiestopreventandtreatallaspectsofheartdisease.（这些信息被收集、分析并用于研究和制定预防和治疗心脏病各个方面的策略。）”，其中“这些信息”指来自健康E-Heart的数据，因此段落D正确。

13.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯博士的研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆（综合）》杂志上。”文章段落A说到“HisresearchwaspublishedWednesdayinthejournalPLOSOne.（他的研究发表在周三的《公共科学图书馆（综合）》杂志上。）”，该句与题干意思匹配，因此段落A正确。

14.主旨大意题。题干意思为“建议睡眠不好的人不要在睡前半小时左右使用智能手机。”文章段落L说到“Basedonhisresults,hesuggestedthatinsomniacsandothertroubledsleepersshouldavoidlookingattheirscreensforhalfanhourorsobeforegoingtobedtoseewhetherthatmightenhancethequalityoftheirslumber.（根据他的研究结果，他建议失眠症患者和其他睡眠有问题的人应该避免在上床前半小时左右看屏幕，看看这是否能提高他们的睡眠质量。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落L正确。

15.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯开始这项研究是因为他怀疑睡眠不足和使用智能手机之间可能存在某种关联。”文章段落C说到“Knowingthatsmartphoneusehasincreasedtogetherwithsleepdeprivationrates,Marcusandhiscolleaguesdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthetwomightberelated.（了解到智能手机的使用和睡眠不足的比例一起增加，马库斯和他的同事们决定调查这两者是否有关联。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落C正确。

16.主旨大意题。题干意思为“数字设备的使用也会影响儿童的睡眠。”文章段落K说到“Thoughmostofthesenegativeeffectshavebeenstudiedexclusivelyinadults,children’ssleepisalsoaffectedbytechnology,accordingtoanunrelatedstudy.（尽管大多数这些负面影响只在成年人身上进行了研究，但另一项不相关的研究表明，儿童的睡眠也受到科技产品的影响。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落K正确。

17.主旨大意题。题干意思为“为了确保他的研究是客观的，马库斯要求他的研究对象提供更多的生活细节，而不仅仅是睡眠时间和睡眠质量。”段落F说到“So,whenansweringthesleepassessmentquestions,participantsalsoentereddemographicdataplusinformationabouttheiralcoholuse,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandotherhealthissues.（因此，在回答睡眠评估问题时，参与者还输入了人口统计数据，以及有关他们的酒精使用、体育活动、吸烟习惯和其他健康问题的信息。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落F正确。

18.主旨大意题。题干意思为“研究人员发现，花更长的时间玩智能手机的人更有可能睡眠不好。”文章段落G说到“Andpoorqualitysleepwasmorelikelyforparticipantswhousedtheirsmartphonesnearbedtime.（睡眠质量差的人更有可能在睡前使用智能手机。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落G正确。

19.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯承认，有些人晚上睡不着觉的原因与使用手机无关。”文章段落H说到“Wecan’texcludethepossibilitythatsomepeoplecan’tsleepforsomecompletelyunrelatedreason,andbecausetheycan’tsleep,they’reusingtheirsmartphone,justtopassthetime.（我们不能排除一些人因为完全无关的原因无法入睡的可能性，因为他们无法入睡，所以他们使用智能手机，只是为了打发时间。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落H正确。

20.主旨大意题。题干意思为“睡眠是我们的基本生理需要，缺乏睡眠可能会导致我们的身体功能下降。”文章段落J说到“Whenanimals,includinghumans,aredeprivedofsleep,therearemanybodysystemsthatfail.（当动物，包括人类，被剥夺睡眠时，许多身体系统会失效。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落J正确。

8.翻译题

Francehasastrongregionalidentity.WhenaFrenchmantalksof”monpays"（mycountry）,heismorelikelytobereferringtotheareainwhichhegrewupthantothenationasawhole.SoNormandy（诺曼底）remainsresolutelyNorman.Brittany（布列塔尼）defiantlyBreton,andthevillagesofthesouthdecidedlycontrary.

Andbecauseofthislocalsenseofbeing,thebakerfromanotherregionbeyondthehillswillberegardedasmuchofaforeignerasthewelcomevisitorfromoverseas,clutchingaguidebook.Andregionalprideguaranteesthatshopkeepers,restaurateursandeventheoldmanplayingpetanque（滚球游戏）onadustyvillagesquarewillupgradethewelcometoanystrangerifonlytoprovethattheirregionistheonlytrueFrance.

You'llsoondiscoverthat,asmuchasthelandscape,itisthelocalfoodthatdefineseachregionofFrance.Chanceencountersaresometimesthebest一comingacrossastrawberryfairinthenorth,oranolivemarketinthesouth;happeninguponmonkstendingtheirvinesinawalledclos（庄园）fillingcuppedpalmsandanysparebottleswithmineralwaterinaspa-resort（温泉胜地）；orwatchingthemorningcatchspillontoaharborquayside（码头区）.

【答案】法国每个区域都有其强烈的特色。当一个法国人谈起“我的国家”，他很有可能指的是他所成长的区域，而非整个法国。因此诺曼底人一定会说起诺曼底区，布列塔尼人会直率的指出他是来自布列塔尼区，以及所有南方地区的村庄都是如此。

正因为区域意识的存在，从山的另一边的区域而来的面包师会被当地人当作手持旅行指南的外国人，或是受欢迎的海外观光客。区域的自豪感使得店主和饭店老板，甚至是正在满是灰尘的广场上玩滚球游戏的老人，都会增加对任何一个陌生人的欢迎程度，只要能证明他们所在的区域才是真正的法国。

你很快就会发现，和地图一样，每个地区的食物将每个地区区分开来。有时偶然碰上的反而是最好的！比如你在北部偶遇的草莓集市，或是在南部发现的橄榄集市；又比如碰巧在围墙内的庄园中遇见僧人正在照料葡萄藤，葡萄遍布在凹陷的棕榈植物中间，或是品尝了在温泉胜地中用多余的瓶子盛的矿泉水；又比如你恰巧看到清晨在码头区打捞后的漏网之鱼。

9.单选题

Hesaiditwasimportanttoputinthehours,butitwasnotjustthehoursthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.affected

B.counted

C.focused

D.faltered

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。affect“影响，感染，感动”；count“计算，认为，起作用，值得考虑”；focus“使集中，使聚焦”；falter“支吾地说，畏缩，蹒跚”。根据句意‘他说，投入时间是重要的，但是（

）不只是时间。’确定B选项count“起作用”正确。

10.单选题

TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenationalgovernmentwhilepreserving（）forthestatesandlibertyforindividuals.

问题1选项

A.autonomy

B.dignity

C.monopoly

D.stability

【答案】A

【解析】autonomy自治；dignity尊严,

高贵；monopoly垄断；stability稳定性。句意：撰写美国国家宪法的人试图建立一个高效的国家政府,

即能保证各个州的自治,

又能保证个人的自由。选项A符合句意。

11.翻译题

爱因斯坦出生于德国南部的一个犹太中产阶级家庭。母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。他的父亲，一名工程师，对爱因斯坦的影响甚微。不过，是他送给了他五岁儿子那个著名的玩具指南针，促发了小爱因斯坦的第一次“思想实验”：玩具中的针为什么总指向北？爱因斯坦后来成为一位伟大的物理学家。他的思想早己超出了科学范围，影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。

【答案】Einsteinwasborninamiddle-classJewishfamilyinsouthernGermany.Hewasstronglyimpactedbyhismotherwhowasfondofmusic.Sheencouragedhispassionfortheviolinandclassicalmusic.Hisfather,anengineer,hadlittleeffectonEinstein.Butitwashewhogavehis