考研考博-英语-南昌理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whenproductsmadeinfactories（）,theyarethrownawayasgarbage.

问题1选项

A.cometoanend

B.areputtouse

C.areusedup

D.wearout

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项cometoanend“结束”；B选项areputtouse“使用，利用”；C选项areusedup“用完，用尽”；D选项wearout“磨损，耗尽，穿破”。句意：当工厂生产的产品用坏了，就会作为垃圾扔掉。选项D最符合语境。

2.单选题

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”--therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It'syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrain,imagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM（rapideyemovement）sleep--whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem（the“emotionalbrain”）isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex（thecenterofintellectandreasoning）isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday，”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylife,wedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’seventsuntil,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto（）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat（）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

问题1选项

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

问题2选项

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

问题3选项

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

问题4选项

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

问题5选项

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter."一位权威人士表示，我们不仅可以利用这些强烈的精神活动，还可以有意识地控制它们，帮助我们睡眠，让我们感觉更好。可知梦是可以被人们有意识地控制的。A项正确。

2.细节事实题。thelimbicsystem（the“emotionalbrain”）isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex（thecenterofintellectandreasoning）isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday，”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.边缘系统（“情绪大脑”）特别活跃，而前额叶皮层（智力和推理的中心）相对安静。斯坦福大学睡眠研究员威廉•德门特博士说:“我们从梦中醒来时可能会感到高兴，也可能会感到沮丧，这些感觉可能会伴随我们一整天。”作者先介绍了这两个大脑区域，然后引用Dr.WilliamDement的话来解释梦与情绪的关系。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.大多数人似乎在深夜做了更多的噩梦，然后在醒来之前会逐渐做一些更快乐的梦，这表明他们正在消解白天产生的消极情绪。据此可知白天的消极情绪会转化为深夜的噩梦。D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由第三段"Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams."这个过程不需要处于无意识状态的。卡特莱特认为，人们可以有意识地控制反复出现的噩梦。可知梦并不总是属于无意识的，通过一定的训练，人们可以有意识地控制梦。故D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由题干定位到最后一段"Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning."对于其他的人来说，大脑有自己的方式来处理不好的感觉。睡一觉——或者干脆做个梦——早上醒来你就会感觉好一些。可知Cartwright建议偶尔做噩梦的人顺其自然，因为大脑可以处理不好的感觉。故A项正确。

3.单选题

Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand（）itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforOK.whentheywerepleased.

问题1选项

A.shrugged

B.tugged

C.jerked

D.twisted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。shrugged“耸肩”；tugged“用力拉，迅速地穿衣服”；jerked“猛拉”；twisted“扭动”。句意：他扬起眉毛，把头向前探了一探，猛地点头，这是男孩子们开心时表示“好”的动作。C项符合题意。

4.单选题

Aftertherecentscandalthepriestisexpectedtodothe（）thingandresignfromhisposition.

问题1选项

A.reticent

B.decent

C.innocent

D.descent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。reticent“沉默的；有保留的”；decent“正派的，得体的”；innocent“无辜的，清白的”；descent“除去……的气味”。句意：在最近的丑闻过后，这个神父希望能做一些正派的事情来挽回自己的位置。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Inthemovieheplaysalovingand（）fathertryingtobringuptwoteenagechildrenonhisown.

问题1选项

A.sensitive

B.senseless

C.sensual

D.sensuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；senseless“愚蠢的，无知的”；sensual“感觉的；肉欲的”；sensuous“感觉上的，感官的”。句意：在电影中他扮演了一个有爱而又敏感的父亲，他要独自一人抚养两个孩子。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

ThecareerIhavechosen（）opportunitiesyetitisfraughtwithheartbreak,despairandhardship.

问题1选项

A.isladenwith

B.islackof

C.isburdenedwith

D.isinwantof

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。beladenwith“满载，充满”；belackof“缺乏”；beburdenedwith“使重负”；beinwantof“需要”。句意：我选择的职业充满机会，然而也充满的心碎、绝望和艰辛。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Shewasdeeply

bytheamountofcriticismherplayreceived.

问题1选项

A.deported

B.deprived

C.involved

D.frustrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据关键词criticism“批评”可知，选项D符合题意。句意：她的剧本受到了诸多批评，这使她很沮丧。

8.单选题

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

问题1选项

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

问题2选项

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

问题3选项

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

问题4选项

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

问题5选项

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。

4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。

9.单选题

Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

问题1选项

A.notso

B.notmuch

C.nomore

D.muchmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：心脏不比胃聪明，因为它们都由大脑控制。根据题干intelligentthan可知考查形容词的比较级，确定有more，根据语境心脏和胃都受大脑控制确定C选项nomore符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

InauguratedasecondtimeonMarch4,1901,（

）focusedondomesticratherthanforeignpolicies.

问题1选项

A.WilliamMcKinley’snewtermlookedforwardtoand

B.thenewtermlookedforwardtoWilliamMcKinleyand

C.lookingforwardtoanewtermwasWilliamMcKinley

D.WilliamMcKinleylookedforwardtoanewterm

【答案】D

【解析】句意:威廉•麦金利于1901年3月4日第二次就职，他期待一个新的主要集中于国内事务而不是外交政策的阶段。

语法题。考查动词过去分词。句中前半句Inaugurated为Inaugurat的过去分词作时间状语。因此后半句为主句,而且主语为人,排除B、C。A项中lookforwardto后而应跟名词或动名词。故选D。

11.单选题

GreatBritainusedtobecalledempireonwhichsunneversets.Butitsnavalforcewasalmost（

）duringtheattack.

问题1选项

A.annihilated

B.prohibited

C.diminished

D.empowered

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项annihilate“彻底消灭”；B选项prohibit“阻止，禁止”；C选项diminish“减少，缩小”；D选项empower“使自主；授权”。填入一个过去分词构成被动语态，But表示转折关系，由关键信息navalforce“海军力量”可知annihilate“彻底消灭”的过去分词annihilated符合题意，句意为：英国曾经被称作日不落帝国。但它的海军力量几乎在进攻期间被彻底消灭。故答案选A。

12.单选题

Awell-establisheddistinctioninmemorytheoryisthatbetweenshort-termandlong-termmemory.Theformerreferstoourabilitytodosuchthingsasremembertelephonenumberslongenoughtodialthem,thelatter-concernsthewiderangeofwaysinwhichexperiencecanaffectbehaviormanyyearslater.Giventhetwodifferentkindsofability,itisreasonabletohypothesizethateachisrepresenteddifferentlyinthebrain.Anexperimentwasdesignedtotestthehypothesisthatlong-termmemoryimpliesachemicalchangeinthebraincells,whileshort-termmemoryinvolvespatternsofimpulsesinelectricofservecells.

Onegroupofratsweretaughttorunthroughamaze.Fiveminutesafterlearningthetask,theywerecooledto5°C,thetemperatureatwhichallelectricalactivityinthebrainceased.Theyweretenkeptatthistemperaturefor15minutesbeforebeingallowedtotheirnormaltemperature.Theywerethenrunthroughthemaze,again.

Asecondgroupofratsweretaughttorunthesamemaze,andthenimmediatelycooledto5°Cfor15minutes.Alterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirtemperature,anattemptwasmadetorunthesecondgroupthroughthemazeagain.Itwasfoundthatratsinthefirstgrouphadnodifficultywiththemazethesecondtime,suggestingthattheydidnothavetorelearnthetask.Ratsinthesecondgroupwhichwascooledimmediatelyafterlearningthemaze,ontheotherhand,couldnotnegotiatethemazesuccessfully,i.e.,theyapparentlycouldnotrememberwhattheyhadlearned.

Itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory.Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory.Long-termmemory,incontrast,isunaffectedbythedisruptionofelectricalactivityandmayinvolvestructuralchangesinbraincells.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Rememberingaddressbelongsto（

）.

3.Theexperimentsoftwogroups（

）.

4.Ifratscooledto5℃for15minutesimmediately,whatwillhappenafterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirnormaltemperature?

5.Electricalimpulsesaffect（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thedifferencebetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.

B.Theexperimentoftwogroupsofrats.

C.Thetemperatureforratstolosetheirmemory.

D.Theimportanceofmemory.

问题2选项

A.short-termmemory

B.long-termmemory

C.bothAandB

D.neitherAorB

问题3选项

A.temperatureaffectsrats’memory

B.therelationshipbetweentemperatureandmemoryisveryclear

C.thereisdistinctionbetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory

D.ratscanrelearnthetaskafterforgettingit

问题4选项

A.Theyhavenodifficultincrossingthesamemaze.

B.Theylosetheirwayinthemaze..

C.Theycanrememberthewaycorrectly.

D.Theygothroughthemazeafterseveraltrying.

问题5选项

A.long-termmemory

B.short-termmemory

C.structuralchanges

D.braincells

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章主要介绍了关于短期记忆和长期记忆的区别的科学假设，选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段指出记电话号码是短期记忆，所以记地址也是短期记忆，选项A符合题意。

3.文章最后一段第一句话itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory明确提出实验证明了短期记忆与长期记忆是不同的。选项C符合题意。

4.文章第三段提到第二组老鼠的体温被立即降到5摄氏度，结果是它们没有成功走过迷宫。选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后一段Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory提到短跑受电流脉冲的影响，所以选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Talkingaboutthatisuseless,（）isfamiliartome.

问题1选项

A.whichfact

B.thefactofwhich

C.itsfact

D.thatfact

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。句意：再谈论那件事已经没有意义了，我已经知道真相了。空格处指“那件事情的真相”，which指代“那件事”。所以选项B正确。which不能放在先行词前面，所以选项A错误；选项C填入的话句子缺少连词；选项D中that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

14.单选题

A（

）ofsympathysweptthroughJapanyesterdayaspeopleheardtheshockingnewsofObuchi’sdecentintoacoma.

问题1选项

A.wave

B.tide

C.rush

D.shower

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：昨天当人们听到小渊惠三陷入昏迷状态的惊人消息时，一阵同情席卷了日本。awaveof“一阵”，因此选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingabout$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.“Height（1）

careersuccess,”saidprofessorTimothyJudgeofUniversityofFlorida.“Thesefindingsaretroublinginthat,withafew（2）,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（3）

.”Judgepointsout.

Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheU.S.andBritainthatfollowedthousandsofparticipantsfromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives.“Ifyoutakethis（4）thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（5）thatatallpersonenjoys,”Judgesaid.

Greaterheightboostedsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance—asupervisor’s（6）ofhoweffectivesomeoneis—and（7）measuresofperformance,suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher（8）andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.

Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（9）.Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewasasignof（10）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.

问题1选项

A.makesout

B.mattersfor

C.takeson

D.worksin

问题2选项

A.exceptions

B.problems

C.examples

D.cases

问题3选项

A.operation

B.condition

C.performance

D.environment

问题4选项

A.on

B.to

C.with

D.over

问题5选项

A.deficiency

B.necessity

C.advantage

D.loss

问题6选项

A.evaluation

B.judge

C.decision

D.imagination

问题7选项

A.relative

B.objective

C.initiative

D.absolute

问题8选项

A.statue

B.status

C.state

D.situation

问题9选项

A.sources

B.organizations

C.origins

D.courses

问题10选项

A.asignof

B.aworkat

C.aholdon

D.atimein

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:A

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A选项makesout“辨认出；理解；写出”；B选项mattersfor“关乎”；C选项takeson“承担；呈现”；D选项worksin“在……工作；插进；引进；掺和”。句意：身高______事业成功。前文说到个子高的人挣得比个子矮的人多，可知这里是指身高会极大地影响事业，B选项mattersfor“关乎”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

2.考查名词辨析。A选项exceptions“例外”；B选项problems“问题”；C选项examples“例子”；D选项cases“情况”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，少数几个______，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作的必要条件。身高不是工作中的必要条件，根据语境，这里填A选项exceptions“例外”比较合理，意思指除了职业篮球运动员这些特定的职业，其他没有身高要求。因此A选项正确。

3.考查形容词辨析。A选项operation“操作；经营”；B选项condition“条件；情况”；C选项performance“绩效；表现”；D选项environment“环境；外界”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，除了少数几个例外，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作______的必要条件。文章之前表达的是个子高的人挣得多，而工资和表现挂钩，所以这里C选项performance“绩效；表现”比较符合题意，意思指身高不是工作表现好的必要条件。因此C选项正确。

4.考查介词用法。A选项on“在（某一天）”；B选项to“向；朝”；C选项with“具有；和”；D选项over“在……期间”。句意：如果把这样的收入增长放到30年的职业生涯中来考虑，并把结果累加起来。根据语境，这里横线处引出后面thecourseofa30-yearcareer构成短语，D选项over“在……期间”和course搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。

5.考查名词辨析。A选项deficiency“缺陷”；B选项necessity“必要；必需品”；C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”；D选项loss“损失”。句意：那就意味着高大的人可以享受数十万美元的收入______。根据语境，挣得多是优势，C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

6.考查名词辨析。A选项evaluation“评价”；B选项judge“审判员；裁判员”；C选项decision“决定”；D选项imagination“想象”。句意：较高的身高会提高别人对你工作表现的主观评价，包括上司对你工作效率的______。根据语境，这里指上司对工作效率进行评价，A选项evaluation“评价”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

7.考查形容词辨析。A选项relative“相关的”；B选项objective“客观的”；C选项initiative“初步的；基础的”；D选项absolute“绝对的；完全的”。句意：也会使衡量工作表现的______数字，比如销量有所提高。根据语境，这里像销量这样的因素是客观的，B选项objective“客观的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

8.考查形容词辨析。A选项statue“雕像”；B选项status“地位；（进展）状况”；C选项state“（某方面，某阶段的）情况”；D选项situation“（具体的）情况；处境”。句意：其他人可能也会给予高个子更高的______和更多的尊重，这使他们在谈判中具有优势。根据语境，这里是指高个子的人更容易受到尊重，B选项status“地位”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.考查名词辨析。A选项sources“来源”；B选项organizations“组织”；C选项origins“起源”；D选项courses“课程；进程”。句意：身高的重要影响可能是我们进化______的余留。根据语境，C选项origins“起源”搭配evolutionary“进化”比较合理，指的是身高的影响来自于进化起源。因此C选项正确。

10.考查固定搭配。A选项asignof“……的标志”；B选项aworkat“……的工作；作品”；C选项aholdon“……的控制；影响”；D选项atimein“在……的一段时间”。句意：也许从人类和动物生活在一起的时候起，体型就是力量和力量的______，在决定“战斗或逃跑”时使用。根据语境，这里指体型代表力量，所以A选项asignof“……的标志”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

Theactress（

）thetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.

问题1选项

A.isolated

B.signed

C.implemented

D.violated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项isolated“使孤立，使分离”；B选项signed“署名，写下”；C选项implemented“实施，执行”；D选项violated“违反”。句意：这位女演员违反了合同条款，被制片人告上了法庭。选项D更符合语境。

17.不定项选择题

Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches.Anditismostdifficulttodispensewiththisfirstreaction.Thereasonsarethatthenations,includingsomeofthesmallerones,arealreadydownstreamtoofar.ThelargerstoresofweaponsforCBwarfaremayberestrictedtothemajorpowers,butthereislittledoubtthatanincreasingcapabilityisproliferatingtosomeofthesmalleranddevelopingcountries.Whatusedtobelargelyapictureofresearchhasturnedtodevelopment,anddevelopmenthasturnedtomanufacturingandstockpiling.Thesubjectisshroudedinsecrecyanditisthesecrecywhichseemstoprovideanonstopmomentumtorealizethefullpotentialofthesetypesofweapons.Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation.ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s“largeandexpensiveprograms”.Knowledgeandcapabilityrequiredfordetectionanddefensearetiedtoknowledgeandcapabilityforretaliation.The“nofirstuse”policyoftheUnitedStatesandothermajornationsimpliesthatthisretaliationbeinkind,andthisrequiresthatweaponsoftheCBclassbeavailable.

Aphilosophyofmutualdeterrence(制约)isdevelopinginCBwarfarecomparabletothatinnuclearwarfare.Infact,muchoftheliteratureonthesubjectrepeatsthatthestalemateinthelatteropensuptheneedforcapabilityintheformer.Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems,henceamovementtoCBweapons(especiallychemical)amongsomesmallernations.Sofarasthemajorpowersareconcerned,theelementsinCBWwhichareincommonwiththenucleararmsraceincludethenow-acceptedapproachtothatrace.ThusindiscussingcontrolofCBwarfare,aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:“Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocsmaynotbetoeverybody’staste,butitisprobablystillthebestwayofavoidingWar.”

1.Itcanbeinferredthatthecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasacauseforthecontinueddevelopmentofCBweapons?

3.ThewriterintheBritishjournalmightfeelthattheresearchanddevelopmentofCBsystemsshouldbe（）.

4.ThejustificationfortheUnitedStates’participationinCBwarfareprogramsismainlyduetothe（）.

5.Themainpurposeofthisarticleisto（）.

问题1选项

A.islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare

B.maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable

C.isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia

D.shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance

问题2选项

A.Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved.

B.TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack.

C.OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem.

D.Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing.

问题3选项

A.encouragedandexpanded

B.conductedonlybythemajorpowers

C.immediatelyhalted

D.maintainedasitisnow

问题4选项

A.needforundetectableweaponry

B.costlinessofthenuclearprograms

C.Russia’shavingsuchaprogram

D.abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem

问题5选项

A.showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms

B.explainthecostofCBwarfare

C.discussalternativestoCBwarfare

D.makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由thecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare定位到文章第一段“Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches…”，即人们对控制化学和生物武器的可行办法问题的第一反应是觉得根本没有这种办法，并且研究生化武器的能力正扩散到一些较小和发展中的国家。这说明控制生化武器也许是不可能的，或者说不能令人满意。A选项“islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare”意为“比控制其他战争系统成本更低”，原文虽将生化武器和洲际导弹的成本进行对比，但这不是控制生化武器的原因，反而是一些小国开始使用生化武器的原因；B选项“maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable”意为“也许不可能或不一定是令人满意的”，与原文相符；C选项“isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia”意为“都掌握在美国和俄罗斯手中”，与原文不符，研究生化武器的能力也逐渐被一些小国掌握；D选项“shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance”意为“应该成为头等大事”原文没有相关表达。因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析四个选项。A选项“Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved”，意为“国家之间的敌对状态”，原文“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美俄两国将开发生化武器归结于对方也有这些生化武器，即出于敌对目的；B选项“TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack”意为“探测到生化武器攻击的需要”，原文并未提及；C选项“OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem”意为“其他武器项目比生化武器系统的开发成本更高”，原文“Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems”生化武器的成本不如洲际导弹的成本高，所以国家会选择研究生化武器；D选项“Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing”意为“所涉及的国家不知道其他国家在做什么”，原文“Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation”没有人真正知道别人在军事形势下准备好了什么，所以自己也要研究生化武器来确保安全。由此可推测出，正是由于各国秘密研究生化武器，为别国研究生化武器提供了动力。因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。由theBritishjournal定位到文章第二段最后一句“aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:‘Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocs…’”，社论总结到“大国集团之间的恐怖平衡可能不符合每个人的口味，但它可能仍然是避免战争的最佳方式”。由此可知，生化武器系统基本被主要的大国势力控制了。A选项“encouragedandexpanded”意为“鼓励和扩大”，社论并没有鼓舞生化武器的扩大；B选项“conductedonlybythemajorpowers”意为“仅由主要大国控制”，符合原文；C选项“immediatelyhalted”意为“立即停止”，原文没有提及；D选项“maintainedasitisnow”意为“维持现状”，原文“maynotbetoeverybody’staste”可能不符合每个人的口味，说明现状不能令每个人满意，所以不应维持现状。因此B选项符合题意。

第4题:判断推理题。由theUnitedStates定位到文章第一段倒数第三句“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美国和俄罗斯的大型和昂贵的项目被归因于彼此的大型和昂贵的项目。由此可推测，美国研究生化武器是因为俄罗斯也有研究。A选项“needforundetectableweaponry”意为“需要不可探测的武器”，原文未提及不可探测的武器；B选项“costlinessofthenuclearprograms”意为“核项目的昂贵”，原文未提及核武器的成本；C选项“Russia’shavingsuchaprogram”意为“俄罗斯有这样一个计划”，与原文相符；D选项“abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem”意为“现代研究发展它们的能力”，原文并未提及现代研究能力。因此C选项符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析各个选项。A选项“showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms”意为“对停止生化武器战争方面表现出漠不关心”，与原文不符，全文第一段就已提出控制生化武器的话题；B选项“explainthecostofCBwarfare”意为“解释生化武器战争的成本”，这只是原文第二段的一部分内容，并不是原文的主旨大意；C选项“discussalternativestoCBwarfare”意为“讨论生化武器战争的替代方案”，原文第一段提出控制生化武器的话题，然后最后一句话总结到避免生化武器战争的方