考研考博-英语-南华大学船山学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南华大学船山学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thedentist’sconfidentmanner（

）methatIwasinsafehands.

问题1选项

A.insured

B.assured

C.ensured

D.secured

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析题。insure确保，投保；assure保证，担保；ensure确保，使安全；secure保护，使安全。句意：牙医自信的态度使我确信我是由可靠的医生在诊治。选项A和D不符合句意；选项Bassuresb.sth.或assuresb.+that从句，意为使某人确信，符合句意；选项C发用法为ensuresth.tosb.，所以选项B正确。

2.单选题

Ourmultimillionnerve-cellcentralnervoussystemhasitsrootsinthescatterednervecellsoftiny,lowlyorganismsthatlivedinwaterhalfabillionyearsago.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates—“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone.Acoelenterate’snervenetworklacksanykindofcentralizedcontrol.Thisprobablybeganwithflatworms--thefirstcreaturetopossessahead.

Specializedsensecellshelpflatwormsrespondmoreflexiblythanseaanemonestooutsidestimuli.Butlikemostanimalswithoutabackbone,flatwormsactalmostbyinstinctandreflex.

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig,complextypesofbrain—thetypeswefindamongthebackbonedanimasorvertebrates.Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect.Butthedevelopmentofafish'sthree-partbrainreflectsthatbeast’sunintellectualpriorities.Muchoftheforebraindealsonlywithsmell.Themidbrainhandlesvisionandthehindbrainbalance.

Withearlymammalsthebraingrewlargerandmorecomplex.Sensecoordinationshiftedfromthemidbraintotheforebrain,adevelopingstructurecappedbyfoldedcerebrumtohandlememoryandlearning.Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements.

Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees,wherevisionmatteredmorethansmell.Accordinglytheoncebig“smell’’partoftheforebraingrewsmaller,whilethepartthathandlesvisiongrewmuchlarger.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Thehydraisakindof（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“tookto”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinsectsdonothave（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstocoordinatethecomplexphysicalactivityofamammal?

问题1选项

A.Thesensoryorgansofinvertebrates.

B.Theanatomyoftinyorganisms

C.Theoriginofthebrainandcentralnervoussystem.

D.Theimportanceofvisionforfishandadvancedanimals.

问题2选项

A.flatworm

B.coelenterate

C.seaanemone

D.nervecell

问题3选项

A.began

B.fledto

C.carriedto

D.becamefriendlytoward

问题4选项

A.brains

B.backbones

C.nervecells

D.reflexes

问题5选项

A.Thecerebellum

B.Theforebrain

C.Thecerebrum

D.Themidbrain

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲中枢神经系统和大脑的起源，因此C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone”(诸如水螅和海葵等腔肠动物)。由此可知，B项“腔肠动物”正确。

第3题:词义题。对于短语“tookto”的理解可参考句子:Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees(先进的哺乳动物，如猴子、猿和人类（灵长类动物）的大脑是由祖先进化而来的，它们…在树上生活)，taketo本意为“开始从事”。

第4题:判断推理题。第三段指出:Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect(最微小的鱼相比最大的昆虫有更大的头脑)。由此可知，A项“大脑”正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干为:由文章可知，什么有助于协调哺乳动物复杂的身体活动?倒数第二段指出:Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements(同时，后脑获得了巨大的小脑来协调复杂的运动)。由此可知A项“小脑”正确。

3.单选题

Withprices（）somuch,it’shardtoplanabudget.

问题1选项

A.frustrating

B.fluctuating

C.overloading

D.overflowing

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项frustrating“挫败；使沮丧”；B选项fluctuating“波动；起伏不定”；C选项overloading“超载”；D选项overflowing“溢出；挤满”。句意：因为价格……太大，所以很难制定预算。开头使用了with复合结构作状语表原因，故应该使用动词的现在分词形式。价格一般都是易变的，因此B选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Hewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,（

）insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.

问题1选项

A.beingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.havingconsidered

【答案】A

【解析】考查分词作状语。空格处在句中作状语，表示原因，说明主语没有担任主席的原因。主语he是动词consider的承受者，表示被动关系，故排除B、D选项；tobeconsidered是不定式被动式，表示将来或尚未发生的动作，不符合句意，故排除C选项，因此选A。

句意：他没有被要求担任协会主席，考虑到他不太受所有成员欢迎。

5.单选题

AWorldWithoutBooksOrMusic

Ifbookshadneverbeendiscovered,manwouldhavefoundsomeotherwayofrecordinghiscommunication.Butthen,forourconsideration,weshouldincludeasbookseverythingthatisawrittenrecord.Thiswouldincludetablets,papyrusandanythingelse一includingcomputerdiskettes.Inthecaseofmusic,itwouldbeimpossibletothinkthatmancanlivewithoutit.Lookingatprimitivecultures,itappearsthatmusicisactuallyapartofthehumanpsyche.Whentwothingsareknockedtogether,musicisproduced.Soforthesakeofourdiscussion,itisintendedtorestrictthemeaningofmusictothepopularlyacceptedconcept.Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.

Thoughitisdifficultto,wecanpretendthatthesethingsneverexisted.Inthiscasewewouldnotmissthemtoday.Tocomparewithrecentinventions,letuslookatradioandtelevision.Thoughwecannotthinkoflifewithoutthemtoday,thisissoonlyfromcomparativelyrecenttimes.Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.Butbooksareadifferentthingbecausethey,orsomethingakintothem,beganthousandsofyearsago.Inthecaseofmusic,itgoesbackevenfurther—perhapstomillionsofyears.Wemaybeabletoimagineaworldwhichneversawbooks,becausebooksareahumaninvention.However,inthecaseofmusicthisdoesnotseempossible.Pleasingsoundsareallaroundus;likethesingingofthebirdsandthewhistlingofthewind.Musicjustseemstobeinborninusandintheworldaroundus.

Ifbooksdidnotexist,theworldwillbeapoorerplaceindeed.GreatphilosophieslikePlato'swouldbecomeunknownandallthepleasuresandlessonswecouldgetfromthemwillbelostforever.ThenthereisliteratureliketheworksofthegreatmasterslikeShakespeare,DickensandJaneAusten.Whatasombre,miserableworlditwillbewithoutthepleasuresofreading.Sincetherearesomanyotherthingswhichdependonreading-likeplays,songsandmovies―wecanexpectthemtodisappearalso.Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworldwhereknowledgeisnotpropagated;wheretherearenobookstoderivepleasurefrom.

Inthecaseofmusic:Withoutittheworldwillbebleakandcoldindeed.Itwouldbeaterribleworldwithnocheerytunes,nosongstosingandnogreatmusictoloseourselvesin.AworldwhichdoesnotlistentothemusicofthegreatmasterslikeChopinandBeethovenwouldbeaverysorryworld.Therewillnotbesomanysmilesonfacesanymore.Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.Withmusic,connectedactivitieslikedancingwillbelosttoo.AworldwithoutmusicanddancingwillbringusbacktotheStoneAge.

Unlikeradio,television,telephonesandcomputers,readingandmusicarenotmereconveniencesthatwecanlivewithout.Readingiscrucialforself-expressionandforpassingonrecordsandknowledgetofuturegenerations.Musicispartofourverysoul.Aworldwithoutthesewillnotbetheworldasweknowit.Infact,manyofuswouldnotwanttoliveinsuchaworld.

1.Musicispartofthehumanpsychebecause().

2.Accordingtothepassage,lifewithouttelevisionandradiowouldbe()..

3.Itisimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutmusicbecause().

4.Aworldwithoutbookswouldbe()..

5.Whyismusicsomethingthatwecannotlivewithout?

问题1选项

A.itispartofprimitiveculture

B.itissomethingweliketolistento

C.italwaysstrikesachordwithus

D.ithasbeenproducedsinceancienttimes

问题2选项

A.essentiallythesame

B.verydifferent

C.quiteboring

D.spirituallymoresatisfying

问题3选项

A.musiclikebooksisahumaninvention

B.itiscrucialforself-expression

C.enjoyablesoundsexistinourenvironment

D.plays,songsandmoviesdependonit

问题4选项

A.bleakandcold

B.averysorryworld

C.dreadfullyunsatisfying

D.darkanddull

问题5选项

A.BecauseitisaconvenienceliketheInternet.

B.Becausewewillloseadeeppartofourselves.

C.Becausewewon'thavesmilesonourfacesanymore.

D.BecausephilosophieslikePlato'swouldnotexist.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段的最后一句“Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.”音乐是我们喜欢听的令人愉悦的所有声音。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段的五六七句“Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.”我们中有许多人曾经历过一段没有电视的日子。他们会告诉我们,生活并没有多大的不同。收音机可能也是如此。所以选项A正确。

3.根据第二段的倒数二三句“However,inthecaseofmusic...thewhistlingofthewind.”我们无法想象一个没有音乐的世界,因为我们无时无刻不被像鸟儿的歌唱和风的呼啸这样悦耳的声音环绕着。也就是说我们的环境中存在着令人愉快的声音。选项C符合原文。

4.根据第三段的最后一句“Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworld...derivepleasurefrom.”没有知识的传播，没有读书带来的乐趣，这将是一个黑暗并且不令人满意的世界。bleakandcold阴暗寒冷；averysorryworld悲惨的世界；dreadfullyunsatisfying令人极度不满意的；darkanddull黑暗沉闷的。选项C更接近原文。

5.根据第四段的倒数第三句“Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.”当我们失去了音乐，我们也失去了内心深处的一种表达——来自灵魂的表达。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

6.单选题

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要进行大的思考，耗费大量的吋间并付出巨大努力。

考查形容词辨析。significant有重大意义的，显著的；enormous巨大的，庞大的：considerable相当多（或大、重要等）的；numerous众多的，许多的,—般用来修饰可数名词。故选C。

7.单选题

Scienceandtechnologyactuallyhelpto（）theusefulandpleasantpartsoftraditionalculture.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.prevail

C.reserve

D.precede

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:科学技术实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。

8.单选题

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan____thesoundfromtheradio.

问题1选项

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.intensify（使）加强；增强；加剧B.amplify放大；增强（声音等）

C.enlarge扩大；扩充D.reinforce加固

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：把这个旋钮向右转，你就可以……收音机的声音。对比选项，此处应该是放大收音机的声音。B选项指放大声音，符合语境，因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项intensify“（使）加强；增强；加剧”，指在程度或深度上增强，而句中指的是放大声音，并不是增强声音，该选项不符合语境；

C选项enlarge“扩大；扩充”，指使……变大，该处强调放大声音，C选项并没有特指放大声音。而B选项强调声音的放大，对比选项，B选项更合适；

D选项reinforce“加固”，指使坚固，尤指通过添加另一种材料使结构或材料更坚固，该选项不符合语境。

【句意】把这个旋钮向右转，你就可以放大收音机的声音。

9.单选题

HelenKeller'sworkgavecomfortandencouragementtootherhandicappedpeoplewho（）mighthaveledahopelesslife.

问题1选项

A.therefore

B.thus

C.or

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑关系。句意：海伦•凯勒的工作是给其他残疾人以安慰和鼓励,否则他们可能会过着绝望的生活。前后构成转折关系,选项D正确。

10.填空题

Lookingatthosestars,Igrasped,forthefirsttimeinmylife,theawesomeconceptof_______.(finite)

【答案】infinity

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】conceptof_______是名词所有格，横线处应该是名词，结合在看星星的语境，infinity意思为“无限”，符合语境。

【句意】看着那些星星，我生平第一次明白了无限这个令人惊叹的概念。

11.单选题

HeclaimedthathewouldcompileanEnglishmasterpieceifhecouldfinda(n)______todealwiththelessessentialparts.

问题1选项

A.accomplice

B.collaborator

C.confederate

D.cobber

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项accomplice“同谋者；共犯”，指在犯罪行为中帮助另一个人；B选项collaborator“合作者；协作者；合著者”，指在做好事中帮助另一个人；C选项confederate“同盟国，同盟者；帮凶；美国南部邦联支持者”，常指国家或政府层面的结盟；D选项cobber“伙伴；朋友”，不常用，属于澳洲俚语。句意：他声称，如果他能找到一位______来处理不太重要的部分，他将编写一部英语杰作。此处填“合著者”一词更符合句意，所以B选项正确。

12.单选题

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

1.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat（）.

3.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes（）.

4.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.toreducetheirmentalstress

B.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccess

C.tomakesportslesscompetitive

D.tomakesportsmorechallenging

问题2选项

A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsociety

B.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselves

C.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences

D.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves

问题3选项

A.believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopment

B.withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidence

C.soastomakethemrememberlife’slessons

D.soastoputmorepressureonthem

问题4选项

A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysports

B.helpchildrentowineverygame

C.trainchildrentocopewithstress

D.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports

问题5选项

A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout

B.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism

C.tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildren

D.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段的第三句话Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（压力可以是身体上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，压力会导致倦怠。）可以看出stress导致burnout，那么防止burnout的有效方法应该是减少stress，因此A选项“减轻他们的精神压力”正确。sports本身具有竞争性、挑战性，不在于多或少，问题是怎样看胜负，所以C选项“降低体育运动的竞争性”和D选项“使运动更具挑战性”两项应排除。B项“提高他们获得成功的意识”正是作者不赞成的。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第二句话Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace（体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历。）因此C选项“它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历”正确。A选项“它可以帮助他们更多地了解社会”定位到第二段andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives（并获得将终生使用的其他社交技能），可以看出文章只说了可以学到社交技能，而不是更多的了解社会；B选项“它能让他们发现自己的缺点”定位到第二段Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上，发现自己的缺点。）但是这个并不是题干所问的“运动的积极影响”；D选项“它教会他们如何为自己设定现实的目标”，这是文章中没有提及的。

3.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二段Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教练和父母应该时刻意识到，他们对青少年的反馈会极大地影响他们的孩子。年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上，发现自己的缺点。）因此换句话说就是B选项“没有意识到批评可能会摧毁他们的自信”正确。A选项“相信批评对他们的早期发展是有益的”；C选项“让他们记住生活的教训”；D选项“为了给他们更多的压力”这三个都不是作者认为教练和家长平常所认为的。

4.推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第三段开头Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.（教练和家长也应该小心，不要让青少年参与体育运动成为孩子们的工作。）意思是体育运动不是孩子的工作或任务，重在参与，比赛结果并不重要，更重要的是通过参与增加人生阅历。因此A选项“更加注重让孩子们享受运动”正确。B选项“帮助孩子赢得每一场比赛”；C选项“训练孩子学会处理压力”以及D选项“使孩子们了解运动的积极方面”这都是文章中没有提及的。

5.主旨大意题。通过第一段Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（压力可以是身体上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，压力会导致倦怠。）第二段的Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教练和父母应该时刻意识到，他们对青少年的反馈会极大地影响他们的孩子。年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上，发现自己的缺点。）以及第三段的Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.（研究表明，积极的强化比批评更能激励学习，对学习有更大的影响。再次强调，批评会造成高度的压力，从而导致倦怠。）可以看出来，作者写该文目的是告诉人们批评会给孩子造成各方面负担和压力，积极鼓励才会对孩子的成长有益，因此C选项“强调积极鼓励对孩子成长的重要性”正确。A选项“教导年轻运动员如何避免精疲力竭”不是文章重点；B选项“说服孩子不要担心批评”不符合作者的想法；以及D选项“讨论批评与鼓励相结合的技巧”这也不是作者所倡导的。

13.单选题

TheEverVictoriousArmyservedasan(a)（）tothepoorlyorganized,poorlytrained,andpoorlydisciplinedprovincialforcesofthegovernor.

问题1选项

A.service

B.help

C.adjunct

D.extension

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项service“维修，检修”；B选项help“帮助”；C选项adjunct“附属的”；D选项extension“拓展”。adjunctto“附属于，部下”，为固定搭配。helpto在这里不符合题干内容，可排除。句意：常胜军队……组织欠妥、训练不足、纪律不严的政府地方部队。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Thatwouldcauseanoutcryandaddseveralpercentagepointstoinflation,andcouldeasilycheckspendingand（）therecoveryinitscradle.

问题1选项

A.impel

B.stage

C.strangle

D.invigorate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。impel“趋使，推动”；stage“筹划，举行”；strangle“绞杀，使窒息”；invigorate“鼓舞”。句意：这将引起强烈的抗议，并且使通货膨胀增加几个百分点，而且会控制消费，使复苏在摇篮中就被扼杀。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Adrunkmanwalkedin,______inappearance.

问题1选项

A.repulsive

B.reluctant

C.reproachful

D.reputed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项repulsive“可憎的、排斥的”；B项reluctant“不情愿的”，常与to搭配构成不定式；C项reproachful“责备的、指责的”；D项reputed“享有声望的”；句意：一个醉汉走了进来，面目可憎。因此该题A项正确。

16.翻译题

2.Iclimbedheightsinordertoseethesplendidgranitemountaininitsfullestview.InthisexperienceIhadbeenseekingtheaesthetic.IknewIwouldfindit,forIhadseenpostcardsinadvanceandwasfollowingthemap.Theseekingtookconsiderableeffortandtime.Itwasaheavyinvestment.Iwasnotgoingforthescientificpurposeofstudyingrockformation,orwasitfortherecreationalpurposeofexercisingmylimbsinthefreshair,thoughthatexertionaddedintensitytotheexperienceandwasitscontext.

【答案】2.为了饱览壮丽的花岗岩山峰的全景，我登上了高地。这次旅程中我一直在捕捉一种美感。我知道会如愿以偿，因为我事先看过一些有关的风景明信片，循着山路示意图一路找来。这样的寻找费时费力，投入颇大。尽管这次跋涉加深了我对美的体验，而且是这番体验的不可或缺的环节，但我此行的目的既不是出于对科学的动机来研究岩石的结构，也不是出于娱乐消遣的考虑在清新的空气中舒展肢体。

17.单选题

Ifyoudriveamotorcartothedangerofthepublic,youmaymakeyourself（）aheavyfine.

问题1选项

A.liableto

B.acquaintedwith

C.alertto

D.relevantto

【答案】A

【解析】liableto容易；acquaintedwith熟悉,

了解,

与...相识；alertto警告；relevantto与...有关的,

相应的。句意：如果你驾驶一辆汽车对大众造成了危害,

你有可能会受到重罚。选项A符合句意。

18.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

IfRepublicansinCongressunitebehindDonaldTrump’sagenda,itwillnotbebecausetheyhavechangedtheirviewsoneconomics.WhateverMr.Trump’splansforbordertaxesandfiscalstimulus,mostRepublicansstillprofesstosupportfreetradeandloathegovernmentborrowing.(36)Instead,unityispossiblebecausetwoothergoalsbindthepresidentandhispartytogether.Thefirst,taxcuts,isausualpriorityfortheparty.Butthesecond,deregulation,onlyrecentlyrosetothesamestatus.Thecalltocutredtape（官样文章，冗长的法规条文）isnowanemotiverallyingcryforRepublicans—moreso,intheheartsofmanycongressmen,thanslashingdeficits.Deregulationwill,theyargue,unleasha“confidentAmerica”inwhichbusinessesthriveandwagessoar,leavingeconomists,withtheirexcusesforthe“newnormal”oflowgrowth,redfaced.Aretheyright?

(37)ThestraightforwardmotivationforRepublicans’deregulatoryagendaistheirdisdainforPresidentBarackObama’slegacy,muchofwhichwasinstalledthroughregulatoryfiat.TheAffordableCareAct,betterknownasObamacare,requiredbureaucratstowritethousandsofpagesofnewrules;theDodd-Frankfinancial-reformbilldidthesame.(38)Whenlegislationwasnotforthcoming,theexecutivebranchthrewitsweightaroundinstead.ItassertedthattheCleanAirActgaveitwide-rangingpowerstofightclimatechange,andthattheCleanWaterActletitcleanupmanymorepondsandriversthaneverbefore.

(39)Buttottingupcostsandbenefitsishardlystraightforward.Anagencywhichsupportsaregulationcanobviouslynudgethenumbersinafavorabledirection.Bureaucratsmustsometimesmakevaluejudgments.Forinstance,theObamaadministrationcountedbenefitstoforeigncountrieswhenweighinguprulestoreducecarbonemissions.

Inanycase,cost-benefitanalysisagesbadly.Withoutupdatingit,itisdifficulttoknowhowmucholdregulationsweighontheeconomy.OneMercatusworkingpaperplugsthenumberofrulesineachindustryintoacomplexmodeloftheeconomy.Itfindsthatruleswrittensince1980havedampenedgrowthbyabout0.8percentagepointsayear.

(40)Republicansliketoputaboutthatsortoffigure,butitstrikesmanyeconomistsasimplausiblylarge.Eventhosesympathetictoderegulationarehesitanttoforecastthegrowtheffectsofaregulatorybonfire,preferringtostressthebenefitsoftaxcuts.Democrats,meanwhile,arescathingabouttheideathatrollingbackregulationswouldpepuptheeconomymuch.JasonFurman,whoadvisedMr.Obama,addsupthecostsofObama-erarulesandsaysitis“impossible”toseehowyouwouldaddevenatenthofapercentagepointtogrowthbyundoingthem.(TheTrumpadministrationpromisesgrowthof3.5%-4%,upfrom1.6%in2016,partlyonthebackofderegulation.)

【答案】36.相反，由于另外两个目标将总统及其政党紧密联系，团结一致很有可能。第一，减税是共和党一贯主张的优先事项。但第二点放松管制，直到最近才上升到同样的地位。呼吁减少繁文缛节，是共和党人如今的一种有力战斗口号——在许多国会议员的心中，它比削减赤字更有分量。

37.共和党人放松管制议程的直接动机是蔑视巴拉克•奥巴马总统遗留政策，这其中大部分是通过监管法令而确立的。

38.当立法还没有出台时，行政部门就开始指手画脚，断言被《清洁空气法》赋予广泛权力以应对气候变化，而因为《清洁水法》清理了比以往任何时候都多的池塘和河流。

39.但合计成本和收益并不简单。支持监管的机构显然可以把数字推向有利的方向。政府官员有时必须做出主观价值判断。

40.虽然共和党人总是提这种数字，但许多经济学家认为这个数大得难以置信。即使那些赞同放松管制的人，也不愿去预测监管对经济增长的影响，而更愿意强调减税的好处。

19.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.He’slosthisnotebook.

B.Hishandwritingismessy.

C.He’llmissclasslaterthisweek.

D.Hecannotmakeitforhisappointment.

【答案】C

【解析】M:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor’sappointment.AndIneedtoborrowsomeone’snotes.

W:Well,youcancertainlyborrowmine,ifyoudon’tmindmymessyhandwriting.

Q:Whatistheman’sproblem?

【解析】男士说:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor'sappointment(周五我得翘课，因为我约了病诊)。

20.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmaimersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Youmighttoleratetheoddroadhog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotgoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcoolheadedandgoodtemperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedrivewhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregiveandtakefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion，（

）

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroadhog…therule”(Para.1)impliesthat

3.Whatwouldmostprobablyhappennowadayswhenyoushowpolitenesstootherdriversonroad?

4.Theexamplesinthethirdparagraphareusedtoillustrate（

）.

5.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcarownershipexplosion，（

）.

问题1选项

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

问题2选项

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristtodaycannottolerateimpolitedrivers

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

问题3选项

A.Theywouldshowpolitenesstoyouinversely.

B.Theywouldshowthankfulnesstoyou.

C.Theywouldjustdriveonasnothinghashappened.

D.Theywouldmakewayforyoureadily.

问题4选项

A.itispolitefordriverstoletchildrenandtheoldtocrosstheroadfirst

B.thepolitenessshowninthewrongmomentcanleadtodangers

C.itisdangeroustoallowacartoemergefromasidestreettofollowtraffic

D.driversshouldrecognizeother’spolitenessattherightmoment

问题5选项

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提出交通状况与司机的态度之间的关系。第二段指出司机应该礼貌并且对他人的礼貌做出回应，这样才能创造出一个好的行车气氛。第三段作者话锋一转提到错误的礼貌是危险的并且举例说明如何危险。第四段作者号召司机正确考虑公路礼仪问题了。选项B“司机应该适当地使用公路礼仪”，符合题意。

2.文章原句Youmighttoleratetheoddroadhog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadays

thewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.你可以忍受那些奇怪自私、粗鲁、不顾及他人的司机，但是现在那些好教养的司机反而是不多见