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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽信息工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.问答题

Therearearound200,000youngpeoplebetweentheagesof11and15smokeintheUK.Itis

A

estimatedthataround20%ofthembuytheircigarettesfromvendingmachines;itavoidsthe

B

C

problemsofface-to-facecontactandtheneedforproofofage.Therewillbeareviewof

vendingmachineswiththepossibilityofpeoplehavingtobuytokenstousethemachines.

D

【答案】试题答案:A;smoking

【解析】考查非谓语动词。Therebe句型中已包含谓语动词are,故此处用动词的现在分词形式,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系。

2.单选题

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould()hisownplanforimproving

thelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

问题1选项

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:如果这里有人不同意我的意见,他应该提出自己的计划来改善这些人的生活条件。

3.单选题

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s().Sosheisfeelingsadnow.

问题1选项

A.divinity

B.indignity

C.ego

D.mind

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。divinity“神圣,神性”;indignity“侮辱,轻蔑”;ego“自尊心,自我意识”;mind“精神,理智,决心”。句意:他的批评伤害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她现在非常伤心。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

It’scloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.

_____.

问题1选项

A.Yes,takeiteasy.

B.Well,itjustdepends.

C.OK.Justinease.

D.Allright,you’rewelcome.

【答案】C

【解析】考查句意理解。句意:外面多云,请带伞。_____。所以回答应该是:好的,为了以防万一。A项“是的,慢慢来”;B项“仅仅取决于”;D项“不客气”。根据句意选C。

5.翻译题

1.科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然,在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人,他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析,具有无限的耐心进行观察与收集数据。

2.当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏,用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足,以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成的研究能力衰退。

3.科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时,科学也需要创造,需要幻想,有幻想才能打破传统的束缚,才能发展科学。

4.如果你着手干一番事业而失败了,不要丧失信心。“我失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自己不持否定的想法,不把自己与失败等同起来,而是试图从失败中吸取教训,你很可能在未来取得成功。

【答案】1.Scientistsareagroupofpeoplewhopossessspecialabilitiestothinkandanalyzethingsandhaveendlesspatienceinobservinganddatacollecting.Theyalltrytodiscernthenatureandfindoutregulationsthroughthedisorderlyappearance.

2.Themostvitalproblemswefacedwithatthattimeweretheshortageoflaborers,thelackofuniversityteachersinthetrainingofthoselaborers,andthedeclineintheresearchingcapabilitycausedbythelackofuniversityteachersandmodernequipmentusedforeducationandtechnologyresearch.

3.Sciencealwaysfocusesonrealities.Itneedstheconscientiousrequirementforknowledgeandpermitsofnofalse.Meanwhile,itinvolvespeople’screationandimagination.Andimaginationcanbreakthelimitationoftraditionsanddevelopthescienceconstantly.

4.Don’tbedisappointedifyoufailinthecareeryouhavedone.Theword“Ihaveexperiencedfailureforthreetimes”isabsolutelydifferentfromtheword“Iamaloser”.Aslongasyoudon’tdenyyourself,donotidentifyyourselfwiththefailure,andtrytolearnsomethingfromyourfailure,youwillbelikelytosucceedinthefuture.

6.单选题

TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown;infact,thebakingindustryis().

问题1选项

A.adhesive

B.flourishing

C.incidental

D.accommodating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。通过TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房,所以这里的烘焙产业发展不错。A选项为“可黏的”;B选项为“繁荣的;盛行的”;C选项为“附属的;偶然的;伴随发生的”;D选项为“乐于助人的;可通融的;随和的”。因此,B选项更符合题意。

7.翻译题

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetryweshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserve,andcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwist,andturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分,我们就应该把它们分类,从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书,要求小说必须真实,要求诗歌必须虚构,要求传记谄媚,要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见,将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者,而是要去理解他,成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外,并且从一开始就批判他,你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉,那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来,把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研,你很快会发现,作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。

8.单选题

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse()_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

问题1选项

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析。withaneyeto“着眼于,指望着”为固定搭配。没有A、B和D项的搭配,可排除。句意:五年前,那对夫妇买下这所房子,希望能很快从中获利。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Thechild’sparentswere______intoacceptingthedemandofthekidnappers.

问题1选项

A.pleaded

B.intoxicated

C.intimidated

D.besieged

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项plead“借口,为……辩护,托称”,B项intoxicate“(酒或毒品)(使)麻醉,(使)中毒”,C项intimidate“恐吓,威胁,胁迫”,D项besiege“围困,包围,烦扰”。由kidnappers“绑匪”可知,空格处填入“恐吓”符合语境。句意:孩子的父母受到恐吓而接受了绑架者的要求。因此,该题选择C项正确。

10.单选题

Inthelatetwentiethcentury,onemoresymbolicidealofmanhoodhademerged,the“spiritualwarrior”.ConjuredupintheteachingofRobertBlyandotherleadersofthemythopoeticmen’smovement,thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture.Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale.Thespiritualwarriorbelieveshehaslosttouchwiththosepassionsandlosthisabilitytoconnectdirectlywithothermen.Intheprocess,hehasbeenpreventedfromfulfillinghisdeepestspiritualneedsaswell.

Thisunderstandingofmanhoodappealsintenselytomanymenbecauseofitsfocusonfatherhood.Blyandotherslamentthegrowingdistancebetweenfathersandsonsinthemodernworld.Theteachersofthespiritualwarrioridealseethediscriminationofsonsfromtheirfathersrepeatingitselfinthedisconnectionofmenfrompassion,fromthespirit,fromtheirfellowmen.Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Forthespokesmenofthatmovementvoicedthesameconcernsabouttheabsenceoffathersthatmenarevoicingtoday.Theyalsoexpressedthesameanxietyaboutthedangersofaboylearninghisvisionofmanhoodthroughtheeyesofmothersandotherwomen.

Thereisoneimportanttraitthatallfouridealsshare.Eachofthemsignifiesaturningawayfromwomen.Theidealofthespiritualwarriorrepresentsaritualquestformanhoodinanall-malesetting.Theidealofthepleasureseekermaytreatwomenasobjectsofpleasureorasaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment,butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings.Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitmentand,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization,itisnosurprisethatadherentsofthisidealviewwomen’sworldwithsuspicion.

Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals.Pristineinitsblindnesstopersonalhistory,thegreatcontestforsuccessistechnicallyopentoanyonewhocanplayandwinaccordingtoitscompetitiverules.Aswehaveseenhistorically,however,themiddle-classmaleworkplacewasconstructedbymenaccordingtosharedmalevaluesandcustomsthatareculturallyalientowomen.Inrecentyears,womenhavemadestatisticalinroadsintheworldoftheteamplayer,butasyetthereislittlechangeculturallyorstatistically—atthelevelwheremostpoweriswielded.Inreality,theidealoftheteamplayerpositsaworldwherewomenhavedifficultysurvivingeventhoughtheyarenotexplicitlyforbiddentoenter.

Americansareoftenproudthattheydiscountthesignificanceofculturaldifferences:“Weareallindividuals,”manypeopleboast.Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,aspiritualwarrior().

2.Theword“accessory”(paragraph3)mustprobablymean“”()”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefouridealsistrue?

4.Theauthorseemstoimplythat().

5.Inwritingthisarticle,theauthor().

问题1选项

A.istheprototypeofthosewhowereonthequestforprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthe20thcentury

B.isbroughtupbythemotherinsteadofbythefather

C.ispassionateanddissatisfiedwiththefather’srole

D.longsforspiritualfulfillment.

问题2选项

A.chief

B.subordinate

C.necessary

D.perfect

问题3选项

A.Theworldofpleasureseekeristhemostfriendlytowomen

B.Existentialheroesdoubtwhetherwomencouldberegardedaspartofourcivilization.

C.Theteamplayerscanbethoughtofascomparativelymoreopen-mindedtowardwomenthantheotherthreeidealsofman

D.Theteamplayersarethemostpowerfulofallthefouridealsofman.

问题4选项

A.thefouridealsofmanhoodareproductsofaconfiningsociety

B.thequestforfatherhoodissharedbythefoursymbolicidealsofman

C.womenarepersecutedinamale-dominatedsociety

D.womenareassociatedwithrestrictioninourculture

问题5选项

A.severelyattackstheinjusticedonetowomenbythemalechauvinist

B.praisesspiritualwarriorsfortheirenthusiasticspiritualpursuit

C.expresseshisdoubtastothevalidityoftheconceptofequalsociety

D.condemnstherestrictiveforcesinamale-dominatedsociety

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:是那些在20世纪初寻求原始男子气概形象的原型。第二段指出:Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury(这里出现了一系列与二十世纪初期的原始男子气概运动相同点)。因此A项错误。B:由母亲而不是父亲抚养长大。C:热情充溢,对父亲的角色不满。D:渴望精神上的满足。第一段指出:…thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture(这一形象根源于对在美国文化中占支配地位的其他男性形象的不满)。以及:Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale(它由直接地、有意识地专注于一种激情发展而来,这种激情被拥护者称为男性天生的激情)。由此可知精神勇士的形象是源自一种激情和对男性形象的不满,因此C项正确,B项跟D项不符合文章所述。

第2题:词义题。根据“butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings(但是认为她们与满足自己欲望毫无关联)”推断asaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment指的是“在追寻享乐的过程中一个可有可无的、附属的同伴”,因此选B项“从属的,附属的”。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出:Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals(相比其他几种形象,具有团队精神的人的世界本质上没有那么排斥女性),因此C项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。第三段指出:Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitment—and,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization(存在主义英雄的形象支持从文明社会的限制中和对永恒以及个人承诺的束缚中解脱出来,并将女性和文明社会的约束之间的联系赋予到文化当中)。由此推断D项“女性是和文明社会的约束联系在一起的”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame(对性别和种族问题的忽视成了‘我们对待所有人都是平等的’这一自豪感的来源。但是当人与人之间本来就存在差异的时候,一视同仁反而不能代表平等公平)。由此可看出作者对于美国社会现存的人人平等的观念是否真正能够代表平等公平持怀疑态度,故选C。

11.单选题

Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t(

)theirdifferences,theydecidedtodeclarewaroneachother.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.renew

C.recover

D.restore

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。resign“辞职,放弃”;renew“更新”;recover“恢复”;restore“恢复,还原”。

句意:由于两国不能放弃他们的不同之处,他们决定相互宣战。选项A符合题意。

12.不定项选择题

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

问题2选项

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

问题3选项

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

问题4选项

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

问题5选项

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节推断题。根据题干中的STM可以将答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本题问记忆是如何进入短时记忆中的。第一段第四句提到,“进入短时记忆的信息是通过感觉储存区域传递到那里的。”并在下文解释说,“大脑有一个过滤机制,只允许当下有用的刺激通过,传递到短时记忆中。”由此可见,选项B“它们从感觉储存区域被过滤”是正确答案。其他三项文中均未提及。

第2题:细节题。题干说科学家认为普通人如何在短时间内记住更多的信息?通过题干我们可以定位到第二段,第二段的主旨就是讲如何记住更多的信息,我们再看到第二段的最后一句,“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”这里提示了我们答案为A,也就是重新组织我们需要记忆的东西可以帮助我们提升短时间的记忆容量。

第3题:作者意图题。问题是:作者写“狗叫”的目的是什么,前文我们可以看到,“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”,作者说这种类型的记忆一旦被打断就会被忘掉,之后举例给了一个情景来描述这个现象,他说当一个人在想通过重复读来记下一个电话号码时,如果被门铃或狗叫打断,那么他就会忘记那个他一直通过重复朗读而记下来的号码;那么这里的“dogbark”就是一种打断的方式,因此B正确。

第4题:事实细节题。根据题干的关键词我们定位到最后一段,A项就是上文讲的重点,因此保留;B项不对,这个方法确实是方法之一,但是文章并没有说它是最有效的;C项与原文正好相反;D项为无关项,因此答案为A。

第5题:细节推断题。问选项正确与否,我们需要四个选项都看。A项,死记硬背在第二段就被作者否定了,因为一旦被打断就无法记住,因此A错误;B项是无关项,全文都没有提过要写下来信息,因此B错误;C项是正确的,最后一段的倒数第二句是提示点;D项错误,文章只是说多选题可以考查的信息比较多,但是并没有说它是最难的,没有论据支持,错误,答案为C。

13.填空题

Tidinessmeanskeepingthingsoutofsightandyetavailablewhen(1)______.Itimpliesthatthereisa(2)_____foreverythingandthateachthingusedfindsits(3)_______backtoitsplacebyacontinuousprocess,notbyaspasmodiceffort.Theprocessdepends,however,uponthedrawer,cupboardandstoragespacebeing(4)_____,forlackof(5)________somethingsmayliterallyhavenoplacetogo.Ifthereisnoplaceforthings,itisno(6)_______tellingpeopletoputthemaway.Thearchitectwhothuseconomizes(7)_______storagespaceisapttoclaimthatagood-sizedsitting-roomistheresult.Whatadvantageisthereinthat,however,whenhalftheliving-roomhastobeusedforstorage?Theaestheticorderdepends,inturn,uponstoragespace.(8)_______itmaybetruethatnohouseeverhadcupboardsenough,therearesomehouseswhichhavepracticallynocupboardsatall.Intheseourchoicemustlie(9)________chronicuntidinessandruthlessdestruction.Thatisnottosay,however,thatcupboardspacewillitselfcreate(10)_______.Thereisthequestion,furthermore,whetherthecupboardsthemselvesaretidy.Thateverythinghasbeensweptoutofsightisnoproof,initself,thatanythingcanbefound.

【答案】1.wanted

2.place

3.way

4.provided

5.which

6.good

7.on

8.While

9.between

10.tidiness

【解析】1.考查上下文语义。句意:整洁意味着把东西放在看不见的地方,但是当______时候仍能找到。所以空格中填入wanted表示“当需要用到的时候,仍能找到”。

2.考查上下文语义。句意:这就意味着每个物体都有一个_______,并且每样被使用的物体都能通过连续的过程而不是间断的努力找到它的________回到原处。所以空各种填入place表示“每个物体都有属于它的地点或位置”。

3.考查上下文语义。句意:这就意味着每个物体都有一个专属的地点,并且每样被使用的物体都能通过连续的过程而不是间断的努力找到它的________回到原处。所以填入way表示“每样被使用的物体都能通过连续的过程而不是间断的努力找到放回原处的”

4.考查上下文语义。句意:然而,这个过程取决于抽屉、橱柜或被_________的贮藏空间。所以填入provided表示“被提供的贮藏空间”。

5.考查定语从句语法。句意:然而,这个过程取决于抽屉、橱柜或被提供的贮藏空间。因为缺少________,有些东西真的无处可放。所以填入关系代词which,指代上文的“storagespace”,表示“缺少贮藏空间”。

6.考查上下文语义。句意:如果没有地方放东西,要求人们将东西收拾好是________的。所以填入“good”表示“要求人们将东西收拾好是不合适的”。

7.考查介词搭配。句意:能够有效地利用贮存空间的建筑师倾向于认为一件宽敞的客厅是最好的结果。所以填入介词on,与不及物动词economize构成搭配,表示“在…..上节省或有效利用”。

8.考查连词。句意:没有一间房子是拥有足够的橱柜的事实是真实的,有些房子几乎没有橱柜。所以填入连接词while引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。

9.考查介词。句意:在这些房子里面,我们的选择只能在于长期的不整洁和无情的破坏之间。所以填入between表示“在两者之间”。

10.考查上下文语义。句意:然而,这并不是说橱柜本身能创造_________。此外,还有一个问题,就是橱柜本身是否整洁。一切都被清理得看不见了,本身并不能证明能轻易找到东西。所以填入tidiness表示“这并不是说橱柜本身能创造整洁”。

14.单选题

EvenasachildIwasnotagreatfanofcartoon,butmydaughterwatchesthemwhenevershecan,withnoapparentilleffectsonherattitudeorherperformanceatschool.

问题1选项

A.Evenasachild

B.fanofcartoon

C.themwhenevershecan

D.apparentilleffectsonher

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】代词误用。them改成it,此处的代词指代前面的cartoon,因为是单数名词,故需要用it。

15.单选题

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon(

).

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

问题1选项

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

问题2选项

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

问题3选项

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

问题4选项

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A选项“指出有关太阳活动的两种相对的科学理论并对其各自的地质依据进行评价”,B选项“简要概述近期科学在太阳物理学方面的发展并且就他们对未来气候研究的影响做出评价”,C选项“讨论将地球上的各种现象与太阳活动联系起来的困难性并指出问题的解决方法影响着我们对太阳物理活动的理解”,D选项“概述有关太阳物理的问题之所以一直没解决的原因并且对现代物理学家过度理论化的方法进行指责”,根据文章大意可以推断出C选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章对太阳活动的两种模式的介绍主要集中在文章的第三段。根据第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“简而言之,太阳大范围的磁场是自给自足的,因此与之相关的太阳活动周期将会在几十亿年内维持基本不变”可知在第一种模式中,太阳活动的周期是与太阳大范围的磁场相关的并且太阳活动周期是可以长期维持基本不变的。根据第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在这种模式中,与太阳磁场相关的太阳机制变化更快,因此,太阳活动周期的特点也会在很长一段时间后有所变化”可知在第二种模式中太阳活动的周期也是和太阳磁场相关的,但是太阳活动周期是会有所变化的。所以A选项‘在这两个模型中,周期性的太阳活动被认为是太阳的一个长期特征,在数十亿年的时间里几乎没有变化。’和C选项‘在一个模型中,太阳磁场被认为是导致太阳活动的一个因素,而在另一个模型中则不是。’表错误,D选项文章中没有体现,所以B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太阳活动极小期的真实性还有待考证,特别是中国当时肉眼观察到的太阳活动的记录又与其相矛盾”确定A选项‘他们认为,蒙德极小期的数据是建立不正确的。’符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“简而言之,太阳大范围的磁场是自给自足的,因此与之相关的太阳活动周期将会在几十亿年内维持基本不变”确定D选项“数亿年前太阳活动的周期性特征和如今太阳活动的周期性相同”是对第一种模式的支持。

16.单选题

______thebadweatherha

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