考研考博-英语-南京艺术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京艺术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.

问题1选项

A.hadnotworked

B.nottowork

C.doesnotwork

D.didnotwork

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理宁愿他的女儿不和他在同一个办公室工作。wouldrather后接句子时，句子谓语通常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。在这里没有明确表明和女儿在同一个办公室工作的事情已经发生，而是表示将来，希望这样的事情不会发生，所以从句谓语动词用一般过去时，D选项didnotwork符合题意。A选项hadnotworked是过去完成时，用于已经发生的事情。B选项nottowork和C选项doesnotwork语法错误。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Pleaserefrain（）smoking.

问题1选项

A.from

B.of

C.at

D.against

【答案】A

【解析】短语辨析。句意：请勿吸烟。Refrain和from搭配为固定短语，意为“制止，克制不做某事”，因此正确答案是A选项。

3.单选题

Theideathathardworkwastobe______distinguishedAmericansfromEuropeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure.

问题1选项

A.inversed

B.esteemed

C.exclaimed

D.hoarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项inverse“使倒转，使颠倒”，B项esteem“尊敬，尊重”，C项exclaim“呼喊，惊叫，大声叫嚷”，D项hoard“贮藏（钱财或贵重物品），（在某物匮乏时）积敛”。由Europeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure“欧洲人羡慕美国悠闲的绅士”可推理，美国人悠闲，而欧洲人重视努力工作。句意：努力工作是受人尊敬的观念使美国人和欧洲人区别开来，欧洲人羡慕他们悠闲的绅士。因此，该题选择B项正确。

4.单选题

“TheGooglebrandhastakenonalifeofitsown,”concedesJimLanzone,thebossofA,thefourth-largestbutfastest-growingsearchengine,andthissimultaneouslyfrustratesanddelightshim.Itfrustrateshimbemusepeoplesaythey“Google”thingsevenwhentheygotoAskorotherenginestosearchtheweb;bemuseGoogleisconsidered,fornogoodreason(inhisopinion),“thesafechoiceunderpressure”;andbemusemanypeople“don’tseemtowantchoice”andsticktoGoogleoutofmereinertia.

Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram,which,likemanyGoogleproducts,haslittletodowithwebsearchandismeanttoneedleMicrosoft,theworld’slargestsoftwarecompany,whichhasanear-monopolyonspreadsheetsthroughExcel.Google,inotherwords,hasimpressivemomentum,saysMr.Lanzone,butagoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”.

Yahoo!,thelargestinternetportalwithabout400musers(ofitse-mail,instant-messaging,musicandotherproducts),hascomeupwithastrategytodifferentiateitsownsearchengine.Yahoo!hasbeenatthisgameforonlytwoyears,butnowhashundredsofengineersworkingonit.Incontrasttothequasi-religiousfaiththatGoogleplacesinitsmathematicalalgorithms,saysEckartWalther,oneofYahoo!’ssearchbosses,Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”.

Askistakingadifferenttack.IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.Askalsousesthesethematicclusterstosuggestthebestwaystonarroworexpandasearch,afeaturecalled“zoom”thatisverypopular.ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.

AsforMicrosoft,ithasidentifiedGoogleasamortalthreattoitsbusinessandhaslaunchedanall-outefforttocatchupinonlineservicesingeneral,andinsearchinparticular.Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s;butGooglepre-emptedMicrosoftanditselftookadefensivestakeinAOL.Microsofthasalsohiredformerrivalswhoarewellrespectedintheindustry.

1.Whatisthecentralideaofthispassage?

2.WhatisthepotentialcrisisforGoogleaccordingtoJimLanzone?

3.Whatisthepossiblemeaningof“aikido”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueaboutExpertRank?

5.WhichisthereactiontakentocopewithGoogle’schallenge?

问题1选项

A.Googlemanagestoseizemoremarketshareinsoftwarebusiness.

B.Google’sgrowththreatenscompanieslikeMicrosofttoalargeextent.

C.Googledominatestheon-linesearchmarket.

D.Googleisconfrontedwithstiffcompetition.

问题2选项

A.Itsrivalsaretryingtoformalliance.

B.Googleextendsintovariousfields.

C.Googleoverestimatesitstechnique.

D.Google’snewon-lineprogramattractsmoreusers.

问题3选项

A.Observingthepowercontrastbetweenthetwosides.

B.Temporarycompromisinginattempttolaunchaviolentfight-back.

C.Defendingoneselfbymakinguseoftherival’sstrength.

D.Attackingtheobviousweaknessoftheopponent.

问题4选项

A.Rankingisseldomcountedbythepage’spopularity.

B.Relevantinformationcanbeeffectivelyandefficientlysought.

C.Itsearchesinformationprevailinginexpertsonparticulartopics.

D.ItevenoutdoesGoogle.

问题5选项

A.Developingspreadsheetswithbetterfunctions.

B.Theadditionofhumanisticconsiderationtoarithmeticrules.

C.Linkingpagesbythemes.

D.CombingtherivalsofGoogle.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎业务的用户有转向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌扩展业务遇到强劲对手，接下来三段都在讲谷歌的竞争对手具体采取的措施和谷歌竞争，D选项“谷歌面临激烈竞争”正确。A选项“谷歌设法在软件业务中夺取更多的市场份额”，B选项“谷歌的增长在很大程度上威胁到了微软这样的公司”和C选项“谷歌主导了在线搜索市场”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义推测题。文章在第一段提出许多人因为惯性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.（但他很高兴，因为他已经树敌无数，现在必须打许多仗；因为谷歌，也许是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免费的在线电子表格程序），列举了谷歌在其他领域的业务，可知这里表示的是谷歌的业务扩展到各个领域，一方面对外有很多竞争者，一方面对内可能精力不足，B选项“谷歌扩展到各个领域”正确。A选项“其对手正试图结成联盟”，C选项“谷歌高估了它的技术”和D选项“谷歌新的在线节目吸引了更多的用户”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。aikido的意思是“合气道（以擒、摔为主的一种日本武术）”。根据第二段最后一句agoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”（一个好的武术家可以利用他的对手的势头来战胜他，所以“我们使用搜索合气道”），所以在这里合气道的意思是利用对手的攻势来反攻对方，C选项“利用对手的力量保护自己”正确。A选项“观察双方的力量对比”，B选项“为了发动暴力反击而做出的暂时妥协”和D选项“攻击对手的明显弱点”：不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第三句Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.（因此，它不是按照网页总浏览量来计算排序，而是通过专家对某个题目的关注程度排序，这种方法得到的结果往往比谷歌更好。），可知完全不以网页的受欢迎程度计算排名，A选项“排序很少以页面的受欢迎程度来计算”不符合文章内容，故正确；C选项“它搜索专家对特定主题的常关注的信息”和D选项“它甚至超过谷歌”符合文章内容。根据第四段最后一句AskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages（在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好），可知B选项“能够有效和高效地寻找相关信息”符合文章内容。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.（SearchEngineWatch的克里斯•谢尔曼认为，在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好。）和第五段第二句Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s（去年冬天，它试图通过与AOL的谈判来购买自己的市场份额——或者至少达成一项协议，让AOL从谷歌的搜索技术转向MSN的搜索技术），可知各个公司在关注谷歌竞争对手的产品质量以及和其他公司联合，D选项“观察联合谷歌的竞争对手”正确。A选项“开发功能更好的电子表格”：不是任何一个公司的举措。B选项“算术规则中增加了对于人文的考虑”：根据第三段最后一句Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”（雅虎是“将最优秀的人与最优秀的技术结合起来”），可知这是雅虎的措施。C选项“通过主题链接页面”：根据第四段第二句IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.（Ask推出了“专家排名”算法，该算法还可以根据传入链接和主题对网页进行排名。），可知这是Ask的措施。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Ifyouneedanextrabedforyourguest,youcanuse（）

问题1选项

A.oneofours

B.oneofus

C.oneofour

D.oneofour's

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：假如你需要一张多的床给你的客人,

你可以使用我们的。这里的ours是名词性物主代词,

指代“床”,

表达为ours,

选项D表达错误,

所以本题选A。

6.单选题

Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan（

）,bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.

问题1选项

A.oval

B.edible

C.reliable

D.available

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项oval“椭圆的”；B选项edible“可食用的”；C选项reliable“可靠的”；D选项available“可获得的”。句意：这种新型的植物有一个可食用的，球状的茎，虽然不是很美味。根据句子的后半部分可知，选项B符合语境。

7.翻译题

中国有许多不同的宗教，如外来的佛教、基督教和伊斯兰教，以及本土的道教。寺庙是中国人为尊重佛教，对佛教建筑的新称呼。它是我国悠久历史文化的象征，也是宝贵的艺术珍品。寺庙文化完整地保存了我国各个朝代的历史文物，也渗透到国民生活的各个方面。各地一年一度的庙会不仅丰富了文化氛围，也同时促进了地方旅游业的发展。

【答案】TherearemanydifferentreligionsinChina,suchasforeignBuddhism,Christianity,IslamandnativeTaoism.“Temple”，anewnameforBuddhistarchitecture,embodiesChinesepeople’srespectforBuddhism.ItisasymboloflonghistoryandcultureinChinaandalsopreciousarttreasures.ThetempleculturehascompletelypreservedthehistoricalrelicsofvariousdynastiesinChina,andhaspenetratedintoallaspectsofnationallife.TheannualtemplefairsinallpartsofChinanotonlyenrichtheculturalatmosphere,butalsopromotethedevelopmentoflocaltourism.

8.翻译题

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10%)

爱灯不仅是为了驱除黑暗，不只是由于光的照明作用，还在于观看灯下的缤纷人生。

七十年代初，我流放的小山村尚未建立发电站，入夜只能生活在黑暗里。荒山寒夜，为节省灯油的山民们很早入眠，唯独我们这一户外来的人家还亮着小油灯。

山居生活寂寞单调，冬夜僵冷的黑暗也更是难堪。从小镇买来带有玻璃罩的油灯光芒是微弱的。为了获得更多的光亮，我试用废弃的瓶瓶罐罐制作了许多形态不一的小油灯。

每盏小油灯都绽开一朵火花，奉献小小的光亮。微弱的光也能划破黑暗，对沉沉的黑夜是一种无言的反抗。即使熄灭了，它也燃烧过。何况还能再一次点燃，继续以它怯弱而又勇敢的火光向黑夜挑战。我满心喜悦地观赏着我自己手下诞生的一点光明。在长夜漫漫的动乱岁月里，它燃起了我精神上的火焰。

【答案】【参考译文】

Lifeinthemountainvillagewasboringandalwaysmadeonefeellonely,andthecoldwinternightwasevenharder.Theglass-tubeoillampboughtinthetowngaveoutonlyveryfeeblelight.Inordertogetmorelight,Itriedandmademanylittleoillampsofvariousshapeswithallkindsofusedbottlesandpots.

Everylittleoillampgaveoutalittlefire,givingoutalittlelight.Thefeeblelightcouldaswellshinethroughthedarkness,asilentprotestagainstthedarknight.Eventhoughtheywouldfinallyburnout,theyatleasthadlitandcouldbelitagainanddefythedarknightwiththeirfeeblebutbravefirelight.Iwasfilledwithhappinesswatchingthetinylightofmyowncreation.Itwastheselightsthatlitupthefireofmyspiritduringthoselonganddarkdaysofpoliticalturmoil.

9.单选题

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagood（）amongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.

问题1选项

A.balance

B.distribution

C.combination

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项balance“平衡”；B选项distribution“分布，分配”；C选项combination“结合，组合”；D选项spread“传播，伸展”。句意：在教育中，帮助养成有效思考与明智判断的学科之间应该有一个很好的_____。而根据句中“学科之间”这一关键词，可以判断出应该是在强调要一个“好的平衡”，因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Theuniversity（）anhonorarydoctor'sdegreeonthedistinguishedscholarwhowasgenerallyregardedasacredittohisowncountry.

问题1选项

A.donated

B.conferred

C.subscribed

D.granted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:donate“捐赠”；B:confer“经批准授予（学位、称号等）”；C:subscribe“订阅”；D:grant“上级对下级的赐予或答应给什么”。句意：大学授予了这位被视为国家荣誉的卓越学者荣誉博士学位。根据句意可知B为正确答案。

11.单选题

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

问题1选项

A.snatchup

B.catchon

C.summonup

D.watchout

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查固定词组的含义,四个选项中,snatchup夺取,抢夺;catchon理解,多用于口语中；summonup振作,鼓起;watchout保持警觉,小心。句意：约翰说他不是很理解,让我再重复一遍说过的话。因此,本题选B。

12.单选题

Bynowhehasreachedthe（

）ofhisambition.

问题1选项

A.superiority

B.resolution

C.summit

D.procedure

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项superiority“优越”；B选项resolution“分辨率，决心”；C选项summit“顶点”；D选项procedure“程序，步骤”。句意：到目前为止，他已经达到了他抱负的顶峰。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

（

）,theywouldbehappy.

问题1选项

A.Iftheywillgetmarried

B.Havetheygotmarried

C.Weretheytogetmarried

D.Theygetmarried

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：（），他们将会开心。选D选项会导致两个句子中间没有连词连接造成语法错误。选A选项就是看作if引导的真实条件句，但是两边句子的时态不一致，所以也不选。虚拟条件句中含有were，had，would等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将were，had，would等词移至句首。根据后面主句的时态，这是对现在或者将来的假设，所以B选项不选，这是对过去的假设；所以答案选C。

14.单选题

16-20

问题1选项

A.Abloodtest.

B.Agastroscopy(胃镜检查法).

C.AchestX-rayexam.

D.AbariumX-rayexam.

问题2选项

A.Tolosesomeweight.

B.Totakeafewmoretests.

C.Tosleeponthreepillows.

D.Toeatsmaller，lightermeals.

问题3选项

A.Potatochips.

B.chicken.

C.Cereal.

D.fish.

问题4选项

A.Ulcer.

B.Cancer.

C.Depression.

D.Hernia.

问题5选项

A.Hewilltrythedietthedoctorrecommended.

B.Hewillaskforasickleaveandrelaxathome.

C.Hewilltakethemedicinethedoctorprescribed.

D.Hewilltakeafewmoreteststoruleoutcancer.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】W:Well,(16)yourbariummealdidnotshowanulcer.Butitdidshowthatyouhavesomethingwecallahiatushernia(食管裂孔疝).Doyouknowwhatthatis?

M:Ithinkmygrandmotherhadone.ButIhaven’tmuchofaclue,really.

W:NowI’mgoingtoexplainhowwecantrytogetridofyourstomachandheartburnproblems.Ithinkitwouldhelpifyouwereabletoloseabitofweight.You’llbelesslikelytogetthepainifyoucaneatsmaller,lightermealsregularly.Standinguprightaftereatingforawhilehelpssothatyourstomachislesslikelytocomeuptoyourgulletthenwhenyoulieflat.Lastly,I’mgoingtogiveyousometabletsthatwillstopyourstomachfromproducingacid.Perhapsyoucouldtellmewhatyoufeelaboutit?

M:Well,Iworrythatitmightbedifficulttoeatthemealsyousuggest,becauseI’malorrydriverandhavetobeontheroadmostoftheday.AndI’mnotsureifIwanttotakethosetables.

W:Yes,IunderstandyoumighthavesomeproblemswiththedietI’msuggesting,especiallyasroadsidecafesusuallysellmealswithgreasyfood.However,(18)perhapsyoucouldkeeptofishandchicken,andavoidchipsandfriedeggs.Yousayyou’renotkeenontakingtablets,whynot?

M:Afriendofminehadthem,andthengotworse.And6weekslatertheyfoundhehadstomachcancer.

W:Isee...soyouwereworriedabouthavingcancer?

M:Well,Iwasabit.IsupposeifmyX-rayonlyshowedahernia,Imustbeclear.(17)Butarethereothertestyoucandotoabsolutelysure?

W:Yes,thereare.(17)ButIdon’tthinkit’snecessarytodothematpresent.We’llwanttoseehowyougetonoverthenextfewweekswithachangeofdiet.WhataboutthetabletsIsuggested?Idon’tthinkit’spossiblethattheycausedyourfriend’scancer.

M:(20)IthinkI’drathertrychangingmydietfirstofall.Then,takingthemedicineyouprescribedformelasttime.

W:Let’strythatforthenext4weeks.Then,I’llseeyouagain.

16.Whatmedicalprocedurehasthemanundergone?

【解析】对话开头就提到他做了bariummeal“钡餐检查”，检查未显示他有溃疡。

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthedoctor’ssuggestionstotheman?

【解析】解析对话中，男士问医生是否还需要做其他检查以确诊，医生说不用。故选B。

18.Accordingtothedoctor’sadvice,whichofthefollowingfoodsshouldthemanavoid?

【解析】医生建议男士要注意饮食，可以继续食用鸡肉和鱼肉，但不要吃薯条和煎蛋。故选A。

19.Whatisthedoctor’sdiagnosisoftheman?

【解析】对话开头医生就说通过钡餐检查,未显示溃疡,但确实是hiatushernia“食管裂孔疝”。

20.Whatwillthemandoforthenext4weeks?

【解析】对话最后，男土说他愿意首先尝试调整饮食,然后服用上次医生给开的药。注意这里男士提到的是服用上次医生给开的药，所以C项错误。故选A。

15.单选题

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as（usually）Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds―parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue（不断积累）tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry（公民）.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney（includinglostwages）,isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits-astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylaws-governingchildren'swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

问题1选项

A.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

问题2选项

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

问题3选项

A.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

B.ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

问题4选项

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth

B.Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

问题5选项

A.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.去年春天，其中之一的澳大利亚放弃了这一可疑的区别，从2011年开始实行带薪产假。我一点也不惊讶，这并没有成为美国的新闻——我们现在是唯一一个没有这样的政策的富裕国家。”据此可知美国仍然没有实行带薪产假。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Infact,everystepoftheway,as（usually）Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.事实上，当（通常）民主党领导人试图在法律中引入工作与家庭平衡的措施时，每一步都遭到了商业团体的强烈反对。”据此可知B项“遭到商业界的反对”正确。

3.细节事实题。AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.正如耶鲁大学法学教授安妮•奥尔斯托特（AnneAlstott）所指出的那样，要证明父母支持子女的合理性，就必须将家庭定义为一种社会有利的单位，在某种意义上，社会必须为此买单。可知Anne教授认为社会应该支持parentalsupport，因为家庭是对社会有利的单位，孩子良好的教养对社会有利。故A项正确。B项“在美国，养育孩子的成本一直在增长。”和C项“美国应该赶上其他发达国家。”以及D项“孩子们需要持续的照顾”与Anne的观点无关。

4.细节事实题。由第四段“Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.国家在管理儿童福利的大量家庭法律中认识到这一点，但在履行社会强加的改变人生的义务方面，父母几乎得不到帮助。”据此可知父母真正得到的来自该法律的帮助很少。故B项正确。

5.判断推理题。由第四段“Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry.把养育子女归为没有集体责任的个人选择，不仅是忽视了良好养育的社会效益;实际上，它是在窃取这些福利，因为它们会累积到整个社会，因为今天的儿童将成为明天富有成效的公民。”据此可知作者认为良好养育能带来社会效益，养育子女是社会的责任，是一种社会事业。故A项正确。

16.单选题

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regular“定期的；有规律的；合格的；整齐的；普通的”；B选项immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；D选项temporary“暂时的，临时的”。句意：公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical“[数]周期的；定期的”，得知A选项正确。

17.单选题

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpectto_____wonderfulbargainsinthemarket.

问题1选项

A.pickup

B.bumpinto

C.pileup

D.bringback

【答案】A

【解析】pickup捡起,获得,买到;bumpinto偶然碰上,猛撞,猛击;pileup堆集,相撞;bringback拿回来,使...恢复;使...回忆起。句意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物,因为他们希望能在市场上买到物美价廉的东西。选项A符合句意。

18.单选题

ThealcoholintakeofGreeksisalsomodest______Europeanterms,butthey’rethebiggestsmokersinthe15-countrybloc,______upeighttimesadayforeveryman,womanandchild.

问题1选项

A.during,lighted

B.in,lighting

C.for,lighted

D.as,lighting

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配与非谓语动词。句意：在欧洲，希腊人的饮酒量也不算高，但他们却是15国中吸烟人数最多的国家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次烟。根据固定搭配intermsof“在……方面，从……角度”，确定第一根横线用介词in；第二根横线考查非谓语动词，其逻辑主语和本句的主语一致，动作是主语主动发出，确定用现在分词lighting，B选项in,lighting符合题意。因此B选项正确。

19.单选题

Manyaninstitutionhasbeensetuptotryandmakesenseoftheinscrutablenatureofushumanbeings,andalthough（）,itisonlyinstrumentalinshowinghowlittlewereallyunderstand.

问题1选项

A.aninroadhasbeensetup

B.theinroadhasbeensetup

C.aninroadhasbeenmade

D.inroadshavebeenmade

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配和语法题。根据后面主句中的it可判断although引导的让步状语从句中主语应该为名词单数，所以选项D可排除。又根据固定搭配makeaninroad“取得进展”。选项C符合题意。

20.翻译题

大多数中国人十分看重自己的工作，觉得工作会使自己成为团体的一部分。他们相信，工作可以让他们产生归属感。换言之，要得到社会的承认，就必须工作。许多中国经理和员工努力工作，力求保住在公司的职位，原因就是这个。

【答案】

MostChinesevaluetheirjobsverymuch,andfeelthatitmakesthempartofacommunityandtheybelievethatworkgivesthemasenseofbelonging.Inotherwords,inordertoberecognizedbysociety,theyhavetowork.ThatiswhymanyChinesemanagersandemployeeshavetoworkhardandstrivetokeeptheirpositionsinthecompany.

21.单选题

2.

问题1选项

A.Takeaholidayfromwork.

B.Worrylessaboutwork.

C.Takesomesleepingpills.

D.Workhardertoforgetallhertrouble.

【答案】B

【解析】W:IsthereanythingelseIcandotohelpmesleeptonight?

M:Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork.Iknow,Iknow,easiersaidthandone.

W:ShouldIstayhomefromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary,justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdidthedoctorsuggestthewomando?

【解析】细节题。医生建议：Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork（少想工作），故选B。

22.单选题

TheMayorofthetownisa（

）oldman.

问题1选项

A.respective

B.respectful

C.respectable

D.respecting

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项respective“分别的，各自的”；B选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；C选项respectable“值得尊敬的”；D选项respecting“关于”。句意：这个镇的市长是个可敬的老人。选项B符合句意。

23.单选题

Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis（）problemssheishavingwithherdentures.

问题1选项

A.won’teliminate

B.willbeelimination

C.shouldhavebeeneliminated

D.shouldhelpeliminate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我的祖母一直在看牙医，所以这应该有助于解决她的假牙问题。should表示有较大可能实现的推测，且根据句意可知，这里时态应该为一般现在时，所以选项D正确。

24.单选题

Ifsomething（

）,itgraduallydevelopsandchangesoveraperiodoftimeintosomethingdifferentandusuallymoreadvanced.

问题1选项

A.revolves

B.evolves

C.resolves

D.involves

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。revolve“旋转”；evolve“逐步发展，逐步演变”；resolve“决定，决心”；involve“牵涉”。句意：如果某些事物进化，逐渐发展经过一段时间变为其他的事物，通常更高级些。选项B符合题意。

25.单选题

The150millionpeoplewholiveoutsidethecountryoftheirbirthmakeuplessthan2.5percentofworldpopulation,buttheyhaveanimportancefarbeyondtheirnumbers.Someinternationalmigrantsarerefugeesorstudents,butthosewiththemostimpactareeconomicmigrants,drawntoplacessuchasLosAngeles,wherethewagesmaybethreetimesgreaterthanthoseinBombay.Thesemigrantstendtobeyoungandwillingtoworkforlowwages.Thoughtraditionallyunskilled,agrowingnumberarehighlyeducated.

Immigrationisnowthemajorcontributortodemographicchangeinmanydevelopedcountries.IntheU.S.,accordingtothelatestU.S.CensusBureauprojection,thepopulationwillgrowby129millionintheperiodfrom2000to2050,butifimmigrationstopsitwouldgoupbyjust54million.WesternEurope’spopulationis42percentgreaterthanthatoftheU.S.,butitsprojectedimmigrationisonlyabouthalfthatoftheU.S.;asaconsequence,theregionexpectedtolose28millionpeopleoverthenext50years.Japan,whichhasclosetozeronetmigration,isprojectedtolose26millionby2050.(DeathswillstartoutrunningbirthsinwestEuropeandJapanaroundthemiddleofthisdecade).

Duringthepastsixyears,theU.S.received27percentoftheworldinternationalmigrants,comparedwith9percentbyGermany,thesecondmostpopulardestination.OnefourthofallmigrantstotheU.S.wenttoCalifornia;favoritecities,inorderofthenumberofforeign-bom,areLosAngeles,NewYorkCity,SanFrancisco,MiamiandChicago.

Internationalmigrantsprimarilycomefromdevelopingcountries,withChinaat14percentandMexicoat8percentbeingthelatestsources.Afewdevelopingcountries,suchasAfghanistan,Bosnia,LiberiaandRwanda,havehadsignificantinfluxesinrecentyears,butthesereflectmainlythemovementofrefugees.Mostdevelopingcountrieshadnegativenetmigration.

Inthepastfewyears,Europeancountrywithconsiderableimmigrationhashadareactionagainstforeignwork,accordingtosocialscientistChristopherJencksofHarvardUniversity.SomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990striedtorepatriatemigrantworkers.ThusfartheU.S.showsnosignsofreinstitutingtheextremelyrestrictiveImmigration,lawsofthepast,amajorreasonbeingthedependenceofmanyindustriesonasupplyofforeignlabor.Indeed,theAFL-CIO,onceanopponentofhighimmigratio