考研考博-英语-南京农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theyneedtomovetonewandlargeapartments.Doyouknowofany（）onesinthis

area?

问题1选项

A.evacuated

B.empty

C.vacant

D.vacate

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析。句意：他们要到大的新公寓,需要的应该是空房。empty和vacant都有“空”的意思，但区别在于emptyhouse表示完全不存在内容物;vacanthouse是指可能有家具放着，但暂时无人居住的房子。因此,选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(难治疗的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.

Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingit,wecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.

Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal(可以收买的).Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.

1.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?

2.Scientistshavetoadapttheirresearchto“economicneeds”inorderto（）.

3.Whywon’tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment’spolicyconcerningscientificresearch?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientistsbecause（）.

5.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?

问题1选项

A.Supportfromthevotes.t

B.Thereductionofpublicexpenditure.t

C.Quickeconomicsreturns.t

D.Thebudgetforaresearchproject.t

问题2选项

A.impressthepublicwiththeirachievementst

B.pursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssaket

C.obtainfundingfromthegovernmentt

D.translateknowledgeintowealtht

问题3选项

A.Theythinktheyworkinanenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.t

B.Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionstothemselves.t

C.Theyknowittakespatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.t

D.Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.t

问题4选项

A.theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobewrongt

B.sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfundingt

C.someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonestyt

D.theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcernedt

问题5选项

A.Itmakesthingsdifficultforscientistsseekingresearchfunds.t

B.Peoplewouldnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.t

C.Itmaydampentheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.t

D.Scientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干意思是“当涉及到科学研究时，大多数政府最关心的是什么？”。文章第一段提到Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.（大多数政府，也许是所有政府，都根据科研单位过去和将来带来的经济效益来证明在科学研究上的公共支出是合理的），由此可知，当涉及到科学研究时，大多数政府最关心的还是科学研究上的公共支出，即科研经费；故B项“减少公共开支”符合题意。A项“选票的支持”，文章第一段提到了Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(难治疗的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.（政客们提醒他们的选民，“我们的科学家”已经发明了辉煌的机器，缓解旧病的新药，以及新的手术设备和技术，这些技术可以治疗以前难以治愈的疾病，挽救生命），可知，虽然政客们在选民中强调科研带来的好处，但无法从文章推断选民的支持是政府最关心的；C项“经济回报快”，这只是政府用于证明科研经费的公共支出的合理性；D项“研究项目的预算”文章没有提及。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第2题:细节推理题。题干意思是“科学家必须使他们的研究适应经济需求以便……”。第一段第四句thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.（政客们要求科学家们根据“经济需求”调整研究，对“接近市场”并能在最短时间内转化为最大投资回报的研究方案给予更高的优先级；科学家的大部分资金都依赖于政客，他们别无选择，只能服从），由此可推，在政客们的要求下，科学家们必须根据经济需求转化为最大投资回报的研究方案，目的是为了从政客那里获取资金，故C项“从政府获得资金”符合题意。A项“用他们的成就给公众留下深刻印象”文章未提及；B项“为了知识而追求知识”和D项“将知识转化为财富”与原文不符。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节推理题。题干意思是“为什么科学家们不抱怨政府关于科学研究的政策？”。第一段最后一句提到Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.（许多人有不同的意见，但他们认为，在一种不利于追求理解本身和探究创新精神的氛围中，他们把这些意见保留了下来），由此可知，科学家们选择保留意见的原因是考虑到了所处环境的现实情况，故A项“他们认为自己的工作环境不利于自由追求知识”符合题意。B项“他们习惯于保留自己的意见”，表述不准确；C项“他们知道赢得公众的支持需要耐心”和D项“他们认为遵守政府政策符合公众的利益”文章未提及。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。题干意思是“作者认为，人们之所以怀疑科学家的专业判断是因为……”。根据第三段最后的例子Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.（最有可能理解核反应堆安全性的科学家是核工程师：如果他宣称一个反应堆不安全，我们就相信他，因为撒谎显然对他不利；如果他告诉我们它是安全的，另一方面，我们不信任他，因为他很可能是在保护付给他工资的雇主），由此可以推理，公众怀疑科学家的专业判断是认为他们和某些咨询公司或者项目有利益关系，故D项“他们可能会受到与有关项目的联系的影响”符合题意。A项“他们的声明往往被证明是错误的”，表述太绝对；B项“有时他们隐藏研究资金的来源”，第二段提到Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.（即使教授没有在任何公司担任顾问，一些人仍然可能因为他与那些咨询公司的关系而不信任他，或者至少怀疑他的研究资金的来源），可知B项表述不正确；C项“他们中的一些人没有优先考虑知识的诚实”，第三段指出Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.（这种态度质疑了个人在一个将学术诚实视为最高美德的职业中工作的正直性，并落入了那些想要用腐败来诋毁科学家的人的手中），由此可知C项表述也不正确。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。题干意思是“为什么作者说公众对科学家的不信任会有破坏性的影响？”。题干所述问题在文章的第三段有体现，Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.（这种态度质疑了个人在一个将学术诚实视为最高美德的职业中工作的正直性，并落入了那些想要用腐败来诋毁科学家的人的手中），并通过核工程师的举例，来表达公众对科学家的不信任的影响，那就是即使科学家说的是真话，公众也不会相信，故B项“人们不会相信科学家，即使他们说真话”符合题意。A项“这给寻求研究资金的科学家带来了困难”、C项“它可能会抑制科学家独立研究的热情”和D项“科学家自己可能怀疑他们的研究发现的价值”在第三段都未描述到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

3.单选题

Associalbeingswelivewithoureyesuponourreflection,buthaveno（）ofthetranquilityofthewatersinwhichweseeit.

问题1选项

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“根据，证明”，强调法律依据，确信无疑的证据；B选项obligation“职责，义务”；C选项assurance“保证，担保”；D选项certainty“必然，确实”。句意：作为社会上的人我们坚信眼见为实，但是没法保证我们所看到的一定就是真实的。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

Chinawilllowerthe（）forforeignerstocometothecountryandstreamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina.

问题1选项

A.measure

B.threshold

C.permit

D.statute

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项measure表示“测量，措施，程度”，B选项threshold表示“入口，门槛，开始”，C选项permit表示“许可证，执照”，D选项statute表示“法规，法令，条例”。由后文的关键信息“streamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina”可知，中国会简化外国人在中国投资和创业的程序，说明中国将会降低外国人来中国的门槛。由此可知，本题正确答案为B选项。

5.单选题

Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally（

）tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.

问题1选项

A.brokeoff

B.brokedown

C.brokeout

D.brokethrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项breakoff“（使）分离”；B选项breakdown“失败”；C选项breakout“突然发生，爆发”；D选项breakthrough“突围，突破”。根据转折连词but可知句子前面表示转折关系，由failedmanytimes（多次失败）与finally（最终）可知D选项符合语境。句意：史密斯医生失败了很多次，但他最终突破了，找到了解决问题的成功方法。

6.单选题

Reductioninoverseasgovernmentexpendituretookplace,but（

）andmoregraduallythannowseemsdesirable.

问题1选项

A.reluctantly

B.unwittingly

C.impulsively

D.anxiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。reluctantly“不情愿地”；unwittingly“不知不觉地”；impulsively“有推动力的”；anxiously“不安地，忧虑地”。句意：海外政府开支有所减少，但是比现在所期望的要勉强并且缓慢。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis（

）toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.

问题1选项

A.reaction

B.comment

C.impression

D.comprehension

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。reactionto对的反应，对的看法或意见；选项B一般与on搭配；选项C和D一般与of搭配。句意：有时，学生可能会被要求写他对某本书或某篇与正在研究的主题有关的文章的看法。选项A符合语境。

8.翻译题

每个人一生中都该有个志向，否则他的精力便会浪费掉。每个青年人都力求成为一个有成就的人物。一个青年人只期望富有是不明智的，或只专心于求得权力与名望也是不对的。一个青年人希望做个有成就者，结果常常会实现。狄斯拉里(Disraeli)的故事是个例证。狄斯拉里开始过公众生活时渴望能成为一个学者及演说家。他在文学方面的成就比演说方面更为成功。起初他作为一个演说家时是完全失败的。不过，他认为有把握克服障碍，遂以不屈不挠的精神致力于这个目标的实现。他的一些朋友认为他这个念头是蠢的，甚至是古怪的，但他坚持目标不舍，最后终于成功，成为英国曾经产生的知识最丰富的学者与最雄辩的演说家之一。这个故事并不是用来说明：只是大学者或演说家，或二者兼而有之者才是有成就的人物。除了做学者或演说家之外，还有许多同样高尚与可敬的事业。它只是用来说明一个青年人须志向高远，因为“宁可志高而达不到目标，也不要志低而达到”。

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

【答案】Everyoneshouldpossessanambitioninhislifetime,orhisenergywillbewasted.Everyyoungmantriestobeapersonwithgreatachievements.Ayoungmanwhoonlypursueswealthorfocusesonpowerandreputationisnotwise.Itwillberealisticforayoungmantobecomeanachiever.Disraeliisagoodexample.Disraelihopedtobecomeascholarandelocutionistatthebeginningofhispubliclife.Hewasmoresuccessfulinthefieldofliteraturethanspeech.Hewasacompletefailureasanelocutionistinitially.However,hewasdeterminedtoovercomeobstacles,thereforehewasdevotedtorealizingthepurposewithhisperseverance.Someofhisfriendsthoughthewasfoolishorevenwhimsical,buthepersistedinhispurposeandsucceedfinally.HebecameoneofthemostknowledgeableandeloquentinBritain.Thisstoryisnotusedforillustratingthatonlybeingascholarorspeechmaker,orbeingbothofthemcanbeapersonwithachievements.Besidesscholarandelocutionist,thereareothernobleandworshipfulcareers.Thestoryisjustexplainingthatayoungmanshouldhaveloftyambitionsbecause“weprefertobenotabletoreachouraimsfortheyarehighambitionratherthanhavelowambitiontoobtainthem”.

9.单选题

Thedentist’sconfidentmanner（

）methatIwasinsafehands.

问题1选项

A.insured

B.assured

C.ensured

D.secured

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析题。insure确保，投保；assure保证，担保；ensure确保，使安全；secure保护，使安全。句意：牙医自信的态度使我确信我是由可靠的医生在诊治。选项A和D不符合句意；选项Bassuresb.sth.或assuresb.+that从句，意为使某人确信，符合句意；选项C发用法为ensuresth.tosb.，所以选项B正确。

10.单选题

ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMC),andRob

MeakinapersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms,professorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesandinsomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”

AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”

TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain.ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.”

1.WhatisthepurposeofE2course?

2.WhydoesBhattsaythat"e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain"?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouknowaboute-businessinBritain?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Accordingtothatlastpassage,whatisBhatt’sattitudetowardse-commerce?

问题1选项

A.Teachelectronicengineeringmanagement.

B.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeacquaintedwithe-commerce.

C.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeengineersandmanagers.

D.Teachengineersandmanagersaboutdevelopingpartnership.

问题2选项

A.Becausemanybusinessleadershaveshowntheirinterestinthis.

B.Becauseitcanstrengthenthecompanies’competitiveness.

C.Becausemorepeoplewilllearne-commercestyle.

D.Becausenewinformationtechnologiescangreatlyimproveindustrialproductivity.

问题3选项

A.E-businesshaseliminatedmanycompetitiverivals.

B.E-businesshasdonemanybenefitstobigcompanies

C.ManycompanieshavejoinedintheE-businessprogram.

D.E-businesshasgreatpotentialandwillmakechangesinthecountry.

问题4选项

A.BritaincanbecompetitivetoUSintheareaofinformationtechnology.

B.Britainhasalreadytakentheadvantagesofrunningengineeringmanagement.

C.AswithmanyotherEuropeancountries,Britainhasmadeuseofcomputer-aidedsystems.

D.E-businesshasofferedopportunitiestoEuropeancountriestoeliminatethecompetitivenessgapwithalltherivals.

问题5选项

A.HethinksitasapreciseopportunityonlytoBritain.

B.Hethinksthatitisnotasagoodopportunityaspeoplethink.

C.HethinksitisnotonlygoodforBritainbutalsoapreciseopportunityforothercountries.

D.Hedoesnotconsideritagoodopportunityinthelongrun.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate（建立了合作伙伴关系，培训工程师和管理人员成为精英）可知D选项“教工程师和经理如何发展伙伴关系”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.（电子商务将使英国的第二次生产力革命成为可能。这可能会使经济接近消除与主要竞争对手的巨大竞争力差距）可知B选项“因为它可以增强企业的竞争力”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.（英国从未将科技作为经济增长的动力）可知D选项“电子商务有着巨大的潜力，并将在这个国家发生变化”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.（在过去五年中，由于信息技术，美国制造业的生产率提高了30%。在英国，我们可以取得更多成就，成功的电子商务将对英国经济带来数十亿美元的收益）可知A选项“在信息技术领域，英国可以比美国更有竞争力”符合题意。

5.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的Themovetoglobalizebecauseofecommerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.（由于电子商务而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。尽管网络允许英国工业超越欧洲同行，但它也为亚洲国家提供了超越西方的机会。这是第一次它不是西方世界的特权，因为这项技术是普遍的）可知C选项“他认为这不仅对英国有利，而且对其他国家来说也是一个确切的机会”正确。

11.单选题

Ican’treadthemarksandnotesJimmadeinthemargin.Theyaretoo（

）.

问题1选项

A.faint

B.foggy

C.transparent

D.misty

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。faint意为“微弱的，模糊的”；foggy意为“有雾的”；transparent意为“透明的”；misty意为“多雾的”。

句意：我看不清吉姆在空白处做的记号和笔记。

12.单选题

Thehandsonmyalarmclockare______，soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.

问题1选项

A.exotic

B.gorgeous

C.luminous

D.spectacular

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。exotic“奇异的，引人注目的”；gorgeous“极好的，华丽的”；luminous“发光的，发亮的”；spectacular“壮观的，惊人的”。句意：我手边上的指针会发光，所以我能在黑暗中看清时间。选项C符合题意。

13.翻译题

随着中世纪结构的崩溃和现代生产方式的兴起，劳动的意义和作用发生了根本性的变化，这在新教国家表现的尤为突出。因为人对刚刚获得的自由感到不知所措，心里老是想着如何以一种狂热的活动来消除自己的疑虑和恐惧。这种活动无论成功或是失败都将决定他的灵魂能否获救，表明他是灵魂得救者。劳动本身不再能给人带来满足感和快乐，而是变成了一种责任和强迫性的活动。劳动致富的可能性越大，劳动就越会成为纯粹获得财富和成功的一种手段。用麦克斯•韦伯的话来说，在“内心深处追名逐利的苦行主义”的体系中，劳动变成了主要的因素，成了解决人的孤单和封闭感的一种办法。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】WiththecollapsingofthestructureofMiddleAgesandtherisingofthemodernproductionmodel,thefundamentalchangeshavetakenplaceinthesignificanceandfunctionoflabor,whichisparticularlyoutstandingintheProtestantcountries,becausepeoplefeeloverwhelmedbythefreedomtheyhavejustobtained,andkeepwonderinghowtoeliminatetheirowndoubtsandfearsinacrazyactivity.Whetheritissuccessfulornot,thisactivitywilldeterminewhetherhissoulcanberescuedanddemonstratethatheorsheistheonewhosesoulhasbeensavedortheonelost.Laboritselfcannotbringsatisfactionandhappinesstopeopleanylonger,butithasbecomeakindofresponsibilityandcompulsiveactivity.Thegreaterthechanceofmakingfortunebyworkingis,themorechanceoflaborbecomingawayofpurelyobtainingwealthandsuccess.JustasMaxWebersays,inthesystemof“autoeroticismofseekingfameandgaininginthedepthofone’sheart”,thelaborhasbecomethemainfactorandthesolutiontothelonelinessandself-closingofpeople.

14.单选题

Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的，沮丧的”；B选项miserable“悲惨的，痛苦的”；C选项shadowy“幽暗的，多阴影的”；D选项obscure“昏暗的，晦涩的”。句意：尽管经济预期（），制造业产量有所上升。这里关键词inspiteof可知，经济预期不是很好，这里能够用来形容经济这个抽象概念的只有A选项。B选项一般指人的品质或者命运。C选项一般指天气。D选项是指模棱两可的，代入句中不符合逻辑。

15.单选题

Thestormwas（

）andchangedcourseconstantlyatseaatthattime.

问题1选项

A.chaste

B.candid

C.chaotic

D.cardinal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近形容词词义辨析。chaste“纯洁的，贞洁的”；candid“公正的，直率的”；chaotic“混乱的，无秩序的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的”。根据句意“暴风雨时常改变方向”可知它是无秩序的，所以选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

（

）Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.

问题1选项

A.Aslongas

B.As

C.While

D.Even

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词。A选项Aslongas“只要”；B选项As“只要，随着”；C选项While“尽管”；D选项Even“甚至，即使”。（）我同情，我对他们脱困帮助不了太多。这里两个句子是转折让步的关系，所以答案A排除，as引导让步状语的时候要用部分倒装，所以答案B排除；D选项是副词不能连接两个句子，所以答案D排除；所以答案选C选项。

17.单选题

Westernstateswerethefirsttogivewomenthevote.Between1869andtheoutbreakofWorldWarI，seventeenstateswestoftheMississippigavewomentherighttovoteinstateelectionsandRepresentatives.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheFederalGovernmentunderpressurebysuffragettes(womeninsistingontheirrighttovote),followingthestates’leadandpermittedwomentotakepartinnationalelectionsforCongresswomenandthePresident.

Womenhavemadegreatstridessincetheninachievingpoliticalequality.Recently,Americanfeministshavebeenworkinghardtoachievesocialandeconomicequalityaswellaspolitical.Theirbeliefisthat,asthereisnothingthatwomencannotdojustasmen,theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts.Anythinglessisdiscriminationandsexism.

FewAmericangirlsagreewiththeextremefeministswhoderidemarriageandromanticlove,butmoreandmoreofthemarepreparedtolivewithamanoutsidemarriage,oftensavedenoughmoney.Youngcouplestodayshareboththehouseholdchoresandcareofthebaby.

Theoldgenerations,especiallythosethatliveinthecitysuburbs,arebewilderedanddisturbedbythistrend.ItisallagainstthegreatAmericantraditionofthe“home”asthesymboloftheunifiedfamily.

TheAmericanwomanmakesthemostofherfreetime.Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees.Shegoestoclassesofallkinds,fromhealthfoodstoEnglishliterature,fromenvironmentalstudiestokarate.Sheswims,playstennis,andshetakesanactiveinterestinherchildren’seducation.Inmostoftheseactivitieshercompanionsareotherhousewivesfromherneighborhood.

Therearewomenexecutivesofsomeimportantindustriesandbusinesses.Infacttherearewomeninmostjobswhichwereformerlyreservedformen.Therearewomenlawyers,doctors,architects,aswellaswomenbusdrivers,buttheordinaryworkingwomenwillearnlessthanamangetsfordoingthesamejob—althoughthereisalawwhichmakesthisillegal.Americangirlstendtomarryyoung,whichmeansthat60%ofthewomeninworkaremarried.Thisalsohelpstoexplainwhysomanyyoungmarriedcoupleshavesuchahighstandardofliving.

Americanwomenseemtohavemoreself-confidencethanwomenfrommostothercountries.Foryearstheyhavefeltnoinferioritywhatsoevertothemalesex.ThereforevisitorstotheUSArarelymeetmilitantfeminists.

1.WhenweretheAmericanwomenfirstgivenrighttovoteinnationalelections?

2.Americanfeministsbelievethatwomen（

）.

3.WhatattitudedotheAmericanwomenhavetowardsmarriageaccordingtothepassage?

4.Duringtheirfree-time,Americanwomenareusuallyengagedin（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.In1869

B.DuringWorldWarI

C.In1920

D.Inrecentyears

问题2选项

A.havemadegreatprogressinobtainingbothpoliticalandsocialequality

B.haveachievedbothsocialandeconomicalequality

C.havenotgotenoughsocialandeconomicalequalityaswellaspoliticalone

D.havenothadthesameself-confidenceasthemenhave

问题3选项

A.Mostofthemstillbelieveinmarriageandromanticlove

B.Theirmarriageshouldbeabletobringthemmoneyandhome.

C.Extremefeministsarereadytolivewithamanoutsidemarriage

D.Theyoungergenerationsofwomenprefertohaveaunifiedfamily

问题4选项

A.helpingwithpoliticalmovements

B.learninghowtofighttoprotectthemselves

C.doinghouseworkandtakingcareofchildren

D.bothAandB

问题5选项

A.AmericanFeminists

B.AmericanWomenandTheirStruggleforEquality

C.AmericanGirls

D.WomenandRights

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实。第一段中提出直到1920年女性取得了议会和总统选举的投票权，故选C。

2.细节事实。第二段:theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts(他们应该受到同样的尊重，享有同样的社会权利，和他们的男性同事一样的待遇)。故选C:美国女权主义者认为她们没有足够的社会经济平等和政治平等。

3.判断推理。第三段第一句提出很少的美国女孩不赞成女权主义者嘲笑婚姻

和恋爱。故选A。

4.细节事实。根据题干关键词定位至第五段:Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees,故选D。

5.主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了美国妇女维护自己的权利和公平。

18.单选题

Sinceyouareunhappywiththisjob,Irecommendthatyou___assoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.resigned

B.willresign

C.couldresign

D.resign

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.resigned辞职B.willresign辞职

C.couldresign辞职D.resign辞职

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】这里考查recommend的用法。sb.recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.表示建议某人做某事。这里的should可以省略。因此D选项resign正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项搭配错误。

【句意】既然你对这份工作不满意，我建议你尽快辞职。

19.单选题

Ithasbeensaidthatmanagementisascienceandthatleadershipisanart.Managementiscomprisedofconcrete,measurableskills:planning,organizing,directing,andcontrolling.Thumbthroughanymanagementtextbookandyou'llseespecificmodels,formulas,procedures,ortechniquesformonitoringandcontrollingperformanceoutput.Controllingproductivitythroughadherencetostandardsisthestock-in-tradeoftheeffectivemanager.It'snotalwaysaneasytask,andtalentedmanagersshouldbegiventhecredittheydeserveinhelpingtheirorganizationssucceed.Noorganizationcansurviveforverylong,letaloneearnanysortofsubstantialprofits,withoutsoundmanagement.Butmanagementaloneisnotenoughintoday'smarketplace.Itistherightbalance,acombinationofefficientmanagementandleadership,thateveryorganizationisseeking.

Justwhatisthenewmodelofleadershipforthe21stcentury?Itrevolvesaroundfiveabstractqualities.Managersmaypossesssomeoralloftheseabilitiestoonedegreeoranother,buttheseskillsaredistinctfromtheparticularqualitiesthatdefinemanagement.Tobetterunderstandhowleadershipandmanagementdiffer,let'sreviewthefiveleadershipcompetencies.

Self-masteryisthefoundationuponwhichaleader'scredibility