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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安康学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theinformationonhowtoapplyforthemortgageloansis______inthebank.

问题1选项

A.available

B.accessible

C.attainable

D.ascertainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项available“可获得的,可购得的”,B项accessible“易接近的,可进入的”,C项attainable“可得到的,可达到的”,D项ascertainable“可查明的,可确定的”。根据句子可知,空格处应该填入一个表语修饰主语information“信息”,把四个选项分别代入,只有available符合语境。句意:有关如何申请按揭贷款的资料可以在银行里找到。因此,该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Igavethecarathorough()beforebuyingit.

问题1选项

A.inspection

B.review

C.survey

D.check-up

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项inspection“视察,检查(更加仔细)”;B选项review“回顾,检查”;C选项survey“调查”;D选项check-up“检查,核对(比较随意)”。句意:我把车_____了一遍才买下来。本句表达的是“将车子彻底检查一遍才买下来”,因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously(

)nopointinstaying.

问题1选项

A.were

B.tobe

C.being

D.having

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们离开了会议,因为留下来显然没有什么意义。

语法题。考查therebe句型。thereisnopointindoingsth.表示“做某事没有用或没有意义”,因此排除D。前半句已经是完整句子,因此后半句可以是非谓语充当原因状语。因此C项being正确。

4.单选题

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto().

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation().

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat().

问题1选项

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

问题2选项

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

问题3选项

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

问题4选项

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

问题5选项

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻译为:1962年2月,一篇发表在《科学美国人》杂志上的文章报道了一组经典的实验,以确定过量种群对老鼠群落的影响。结合后文,可以得知B选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻译为“然后,他通过移除那些不依赖母亲的后代来稳定人口。”因此B为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻译为:卡尔霍恩和他的同事能够得出结论,过度拥挤会导致老鼠之间正常的社会关系破裂,这是一种社会疾病。则排除B选项;由C选项可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻译为:实验中的老鼠没有与生活在不过度拥挤环境的老鼠一样遵循同样的行为模式。则排除C选项;由D项可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻译为:卡尔霍恩从经验中得知……,则排除D选项;可以得知A选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻译为:母亲们有时会抛弃他们的幼崽……则排除B选项;由C选项可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻译为:他们表现出异常的母性行为。则排除C选项;由D项可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻译为:在正常情况下,一只老鼠妈妈不会让她的幼崽独自死去。则排除D选项;因此A项“所有雄性大鼠均表现出病态行为”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。根据B项“主导性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一样严重地受到过度拥挤的影响”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻译为:在大鼠种群中,主导性的雄性种群受到的影响最小。故选B。

5.单选题

Itisnoneofyourbusiness;youhavenorightto().

问题1选项

A.disturb

B.interfere

C.interrupt

D.obtain

【答案】B

【解析】近义词解析。disturb“打扰,妨碍”;interfere“干涉”;interrupt“打断”;obtain“获得”。句意:不关你的事,你没有权利干涉。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923EdisondiscI________atagaragesale.

问题1选项

A.trifledwith

B.scrapedthrough

C.stumbledupon

D.thirstedfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“玩弄,心不在焉地做”;B选项“勉强通过”;C选项“偶然发现”;D选项“渴望”。句意:我最喜欢的广播歌曲是爱迪生1923年的厚唱片里的一首,我第一次()在车库拍卖时上听到的。从关键词first和garagesale可以推测,听到这首歌肯定不是自己渴望听到的,是偶然听到这首歌,觉得很好听所以才会把第一次听到这首歌的情形记得这么清楚。

7.不定项选择题

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.

Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,ortheindividualsofasinglespecies.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcomprisetheperfectmindare().

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

12.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:().

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

13.Abouthimselftheauthorstatesthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis().

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

14.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis().

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

15.Accordingtotheauthor,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis().

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

问题1选项

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

问题2选项

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

问题3选项

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

问题4选项

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

问题5选项

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段开头可知,“我”从未认为自己的理智比一般人更完美,由此可推断接下来作者将介绍完美理智的特点。由Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen(事实上,我常常希望我的思想能像别人那样敏捷,我的想象力能像别人那样精确而清晰,我的记忆力能像别人那样丰富而迅速)可以推断,作者认为完美的理智需要的是敏捷的思维、精确清晰的想象力和快速的记忆力,因此D选项符合题意。

第2题:主旨大意题。第一段介绍了人们的理智是bynatureequalinallmen(天生就是平等的),之所以意见不一致,是因为思维方向不同,因此A选项“人生来就有着同样的善意”符合题意。

第3题:事实细节题。由文章第二段第一句Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway(就我而言,我从来没有认为我的头脑比一般人更完美)可知D选项“他从未觉得自己的头脑比一般人更完美”符合题意。

第4题:事实细节题。由第二段第三句中的forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts(因为只有理智才能使我们成为人,才能使我们区别于野兽)可知D选项“理智”正确。

第5题:事实细节题。由文章第一段第二句中的theabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen(人们辨别是非的能力,就其本质而言即理性,天生就是平等的)可知B选项“被平等地赋予所有人”正确。

8.翻译题

Forthoseplayingthegameofscience,themethodbywhichtheyascertainwhattheybelieveiscrucial.Theyhavetoevaluatedataandargumentsanddecideforthemselvesontheirvalidity.Scientistscommunicatingtoothershavethetaskofconvincingthehearersofthevalidityoftheirstatementsintermsofthedataandtheirexplanationsofthedata.Theyarenotplayingthegamecorrectlyiftheywinsupportbythestrengthoftheirpersonalityorprestige.Intheshortrunscientistsmayfollowanotheronthebasisofprestige,butthiscannotcontinueindefinitely.Itisuptothehearerstoevaluatewhatthescientistssayratherthanacceptitbecausetheysayit.Andtheculminationofthisenterpriseisthedeterminationofwhethertheexplanationsaccountforthedataobserved.Therelationshipbetweenscientificexplanationsanddatahelpstoensuretheintegrityofscientists.Iftheirfindingsareimportant,theycanbesurethattheirtheoriesanddatawillbeexaminedcriticallyandnewevidenceattained.

Itisthesystemofdata-basedexplanationthatdistinguishessciencefromdogma.Scientistshaveboththerightandtheresponsibilitytodecideforthemselves,onthebasisofevidenceathand,thebestexplanationofasetofphenomena.Ontheotherhand,dogma(religious,economic,politicalorsocial)dependsonpronouncementsbyestablishedauthorities.

【答案】【参考译文】

对于那些玩科学游戏的人来说,用什么方法来确定相信什么至关重要。他们必须评估数据和论点,并自己判断其正确性。科学家在与他人交流时,需要让听者相信他们的数据陈述及其对数据解释的正确性。如果他们以自己的个性或威望赢得支持,就没有遵循正确的游戏之道。在短期内,科学家们可能会基于声望而追随另一个科学家,但这种情况不可能无限期地持续下去。听者应该评估科学家所说的,而不是因为他们说了就接受。而这一事业的顶级目标是确定解释到了观测到的数据。科学解释与数据之间的关系有助于确保科学家的完整性。如果他们的发现是重要的,就可以确信他们的理论和数据会得到严格的检验,并获得新的证据。

正是基于数据的解释,系统将科学与教条区分开来。科学家有权利也有责任根据手头的证据,自行做出对一系列现象的最佳解释。另一方面,教条(宗教的、经济的、政治的或社会的)取决于权威的观点。

9.单选题

Librariesareaninvestmentforthefutureandshouldnotbeallowedtofallinto().

问题1选项

A.dissolution

B.decay

C.decline

D.depression

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dissolution“分解,溶解”;B选项decay“衰退,衰减;衰败;腐烂,腐朽”;C选项decline“下降;衰退;斜面”;D选项depression“沮丧;忧愁;抑郁症;洼地;不景气;低气压区”。题干大意说,图书馆是将来的一种投资,不允许(图书馆)掉入()。常识储备:当今社会我们并没有注意图书馆的价值,现在的图书馆是冷冷清清,一副衰退、衰亡的景象。其实体现一个国家、民族的真正素质就是看图书馆是否冷冷清清。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Themechanicjackedupthecarandthen()tochangethetire.

问题1选项

A.advanced

B.went

C.moved

D.proceeded

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advanced“提出,前进”;B选项went“达到,运转”;C选项moved“移动,搬动”;D选项proceeded“继续,进行”。句意:机械工用千斤顶把汽车顶起来,然后开始换轮胎。由选项意思和句意可知,D选项符合句意。

11.单选题

Theairportpolicewho______thegirlconcludedthatshewasinnocentandhadn’tknownaboutthedrugs.

问题1选项

A.interrogated

B.shrouded

C.ratified

D.muffled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项interrogate“审问,质问”,B项shroud“覆盖,包以尸衣”,C项ratify“批准,认可”,D项muffle“蒙住,裹住,抑制”。由police“警察”可知,______thegirl表示“审问那个女孩”。句意:机场警察审问了这个女孩,得出的结论是她是无辜的,不知道毒品的事。因此,该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

Ourcountryhadmadegreateffortstopromotethefamily-planningpolicy,but()thebirthrateisgettinghigherandhigher.

问题1选项

A.asitwere

B.asitis

C.asitwas

D.asisit

【答案】C

【解析】asitwere可以说是,似乎就是,好像;asitis实际上,事实上,既然如此;asitwas事实上,结果

却是;asisit搭配错误。句意:我国为推行计划生育政策做出了巨大的努力,但出生率却越来越高。根据句意可知,句子的时态应该为过去时所以选项C正确。

13.单选题

Therearethreeseparatesourcesofhazard(1)totheuseofnuclearreactiontosupplyuswithenergy.Firstly,theradioactivematerialmusttravelfromitsplaceofmanufacturetothepowerstation.(2)thepowerstationsthemselvesaresolidlybuilt,thecontainerusedfortransportofthematerialarenot.Unfortunately,thereare(3)onlytwomethodsoftransportavailable,(4)roadorrail,andbothofthese(5)closecontactwiththegeneralpublic,(6)theroutesare(7)topassnear,oreventhrough,(8)populatedareas.

Secondly,thereisaproblemofwasters.Allnuclearpowerstationsproducewasteswhich(9)willremainradioactiveforthousandsofyears.Itis(10

)tode-activethesewastes,andsotheymustbestored(11

)oneoftheingeniousbutcumbersomewaysthatscientistshaveinvented.Forexample,theymustbeburiedundertheground(12

)sunkinthesea.However,these(13

)donotsolvetheproblemcompletely,theymerelystoreit,sinceanearth-quakecould(14

)openthecontainerslikenuts.

Thirdly,thereistheproblemofaccidentalexposure(15

)toaleakoranexplosionatthepowerstation.(16

)withtheothertwohazards,thisisnotverylikelyanddoesnotprovideaserious(17

)tothenuclearprogram,(18

)itcanhappen,astheinhabitantsofHarrisburgwilltellyou.

Separately,andduringshortperiods,thesethreetypesofriskarenogreatcauseforconcern.(19

),though,andespecially(20

)muchlongerperiods,theprobabilityofadisasterisextremelyhigh.

问题1选项

A.related

B.connected

C.associated

D.affiliated

问题2选项

A.Hence

B.Although

C.Therefore

D.However

问题3选项

A.regularly

B.typically

C.normally

D.commonly

问题4选项

A.suchas

B.forexample

C.forinstance

D.namely

问题5选项

A.concern

B.involve

C.include

D.contain

问题6选项

A.since

B.although

C.while

D.so

问题7选项

A.bound

B.close

C.near

D.sure

问题8选项

A.much

B.heavily

C.closely

D.crowdedly

问题9选项

A.inmostcases

B.inthemostcases

C.inanycases

D.insuchcases

问题10选项

A.important

B.improbable

C.impossible

D.incredible

问题11选项

A.in

B.by

C.with

D.on

问题12选项

A.then

B.than

C.or

D.and

问题13选项

A.means

B.ways

C.measures

D.methods

问题14选项

A.crack

B.crash

C.clash

D.collide

问题15选项

A.attached

B.due

C.relevant

D.owing

问题16选项

A.contacted

B.compared

C.matched

D.contrasted

问题17选项

A.disapproval

B.disagreement

C.protest

D.objection

问题18选项

A.but

B.since

C.so

D.hence

问题19选项

A.Takingtogether

B.Takentogether

C.Havingtakentogether

D.Havingbeentakentogether

问题20选项

A.in

B.at

C.over

D.for

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:D

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:A

【解析】(1)这里表示与...相关,用relatedto。connectedto指与...相连接;associated后面通常接介词with;affiliatedto指使...隶属于。所以选项A符合原文。

(2)根据原文,电站本身是坚固的,用于运输材料的集装箱却不是。所以这里用Although表转折。Hence和Therefore都表因此;However用在此处句意不通。

(3)根据原文,不幸的是,只有两种运输方法。normally表通常地,一般地,通常强调其正常性;regularly定期地;typically典型地;commonly一般地,普通地,通常强调共性。所以,选项C更符合原文。

(4)namely也就是...,即是...;选项A,B,C都是比如,举例的意思。根据上一句,只有两种运输方法,也就是公路或铁路运输。不存在举例的情况,所以选项D正确。

(5)根据原文,这两种运输方法都涉及与公众的密切接触。concern比较侧重单纯的关联性,而involve指涉及到问题。所以选项B更符合原文语境。

(6)根据原文,后面的内容应该是对上一句的解析说明,所以用since表原因。

(7)boundto为习惯搭配,表示必然,一定会。句意:这些路线必然要经过人口密集地区附近。

(8)Heavilypopulatedareas指人口密集地区。指人口密集用副词heavily。

(9)inmostcases在大多数情况下,为固定搭配,没有定冠词the。inanycases无论如何;insuchcases在这种情况下。根据原文,所有的核电站都会产生废物,在大多数情况下,这些废物在数千年内仍具有放射性。选项A符合原文。

(10)根据原文,要使这些废物失去活性是不可能的。Improbable指不大可能的,未必确定的,不是完全没有可能;impossible指完全没有可能,更确切。根据下文可知,这些废物只能储存起来,所以用impossible更符合原文。incredible难以置信的,惊人的。

(11)通过什么样的方法储存起来用介词by。原文指通过科学家们发明的一种巧妙但麻烦的方法储存起来。

(12)根据原文,埋在地下或者沉入海底,表示并列的关系,用or。

(13)根据原文,然而,这些方法并不能完全解决问题,它们只是储存。四个选项都有措施方法的意思,means强调的是处理问题的手段;way是通用词,用在本文中意义太宽泛;measures强调的是对策,措施;method强调做某件事的具体步骤或程序。所以选项D更符合原文。

(14)考查近义词辨析。crack破裂,爆裂;crash摔碎,坠落;clash碰撞;collide碰撞。根据原文,地震会像坚果一样把容器砸开。地震的冲击力是很大的,应该是猛烈的撞开,所以选项B更适合。

(15)dueto表原因,原文指核电站意外暴露是由于发生泄漏或爆炸事故。owingto指归功于,不符合原文。

(16)根据原文,这里指与其他两种危险相比,这种是不太可能的。所以选项B符合原文。

(17)disapproval不赞成,不喜欢;disagreement不一致;protest抗议;objection异议,拒绝的理由。句意:也不会对核项目提出严重的反对意见。选项D符合原文。

(18)根据原文,正如哈里斯堡的居民会告诉你的那样,这是可能发生的。上文提到说第三种危险不太可能会发生,但不意味着没有可能,所以用but表转折。

(19)考查分词。这里的主语不是sb.而是三种风险,所以不用-ing形式,而用分词表示被动,选项B正确,意为综合考虑。

(20)Period通常与in搭配,表示在...时期或周期内。

14.单选题

Thepurposeoftheofficialinquiryisto()thetruefactsleadingtothelossoftheshipatsea.

问题1选项

A.comeat

B.comefor

C.comeinto

D.comeover

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。comeat达到,得到;comefor向……冲来;comeinto进入;comeover过来。句意:官方调查的目的是查明导致船舶在海上失踪的真实情况。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.Athunderstormstartswhenlow-lyingpocketsofwarmairfromthesurfaceoftheearthbegintorise.Thepocketofwarmairfloatupwardsthroughtheairabovethatisbothcoolerandheavier.Therisingpocketscoolastheirpressuredecreases,andtheirheatisreleasedabovethecondensationlinethroughtheformationofcumulusclouds.

Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.Inwinter,theairtemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesisnotextremelygreat,andthetemperatureoftherisingairmassdropsmoreslowly.Insummer,however,whenthereisahighaccumulationofheatneartheearth’ssurface,indirectcontrasttotheconsiderablycolderairhigherup,thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter;whenthetemperaturedropsmorethanfourdegreesFahrenheitperthousandfeetofaltitude,cumuluscloudsaggregateintoasinglemassivecumulonimbuscloud,orthunderhead.

Inisolation,asinglethunderstormisanimpressivebutfairlybenignwayforMotherEarthtodefusetrappedheatfromhersurface;thunderstorms,however,canappearinconcert,andtheresultingshow,whileextremelyimpressive,canalsoproveextraordinarilydestructive.Whenthereisalarge-scalecollisionbetweencoldairandwarmairmassesduringthesummermonths,asquallline,orseriesofthunderheads,maydevelop.Itiscommonforasqualllinetobeginwhenanadvancingcoldfrontmeetsupwithandforcesitselfunderalayerofwarmandmoistair,creatingalineofthunderstormsthatracesforwardatspeedsofapproximatelyfortymilesperhour.Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,isamagnificentforceofnaturewithincrediblepotentialfordestruction.Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.

1.Thetopicofthepassageis().

2.Theword"mechanism"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans().

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,insummer,().

4.Choosethedrawingbelowthatmostcloselyresemblesasquallline.

5.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageaboutsupercellsexceptthatthey().

问题1选项

A.thedevelopmentofthunderstormsandsqualllines

B.thedevastatingeffectsoftornadoes.

C.Cumulusandcumulonimbusclouds

D.thepoweroftornados

问题2选项

A.machines

B.motions

C.methods

D.materials

问题3选项

A.thereisnotagreattemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudes.

B.thegreatertemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesmakesthunderstormsmorelikelytooccur.

C.thereisnotmuchcoldairwhichdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

D.thetemperatureofrisingairdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

问题4选项

A.

B.

C.

D.

问题5选项

A.areofshortduration.

B.havecirclingwinds.

C.haveextraordinarypower.

D.cangivebirthtotornadoes.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问文章主题。根据原文第一段“Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.”可知,雷暴带着锯齿状的闪电和轰鸣的雷声,实际上是大自然把热量从地球表面转移到大气中的主要方式之一。此处引出话题Thunderstorm。后文又围绕Thunderstorm和squallline的形成进行了论述,故A项“雷雨和飑线的形成”符合题意。B项“龙卷风的毁灭性结果”和D项“龙卷风的威力”在文中并未提及,可排除;C项“积云和积雨云”只是在文中有所提及,不能作为文章主题。因此,本题正确答案为A项。

2.词汇题。将mechanism定位到原文第一段,由“fortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere”可知,雷暴是为了将热量从地表转移到大气中,因此这是一种大自然的原始方式,故C项methods含义最接近。A项machine表示“机器”;B项motion表示“动作;移动;手势;议案”;D项material表示“材料”。

3.推理判断题。根据原文第二段“Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.”可知,积雨云的发生取决于大气温度。而根据“Insummer,...thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter...”可知,较高与较低海拔之间的温差更显著。因此,A项“较高与较低海拔之间没有很大温差”表述错误。B项“较高与较低海拔之间较大的温差更可能发生雷雨”;C项“(夏天)没有太多的冷空气的温度下降得比冬天更快”以及D项“(夏天)上升空气的温度比冬天下降得慢”均与原文不符。故本题正确答案为B项。

4.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,...”可知一条飑线可能长达数百英里,可容纳50个不同的雷雨云砧。通俗的说就是由于雷暴云中强烈上升气流到达对流层顶后,受到对流层顶(平流层下)强烈的水平气流作用而不能继续上升,从而向四周快速扩散,形成云砧。由于对流层顶温度很低,上升气流中凝结的水汽以冰晶形式存在,冰晶随风扩散,所以云砧看上去是白色的。由此可推测C项正确。A项图像应为“闪电”;B项图像应为“龙卷风”;D项图像应为“晴间多云”。

5.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.”可知,在飑线的南端经常可以发现超级单体,这是一种长期存在且又异常强大的旋转风暴,是龙卷风的源头。由此可知,A项“持续时间短暂”与原文不符。而B项“有旋转风”;C项“能量非凡”以及D项“可以引起龙卷风”均与原文表述相符,故本题正确答案为A项。

16.单选题

Theend______themeans.Thissayingimpliesevenawrongorunfairmethodmaybeallowedifth

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