考研考博-英语-宿州职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宿州职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theuseofnaturalgastogenerateelectricity—farfromperfectlycleanbutlesscarbon-（

）thancoaluse—hasjumped25percentsince2008.

问题1选项

A.inclusive

B.extensive

C.intensive

D.exclusive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inclusive意为“包括的，包罗广泛的”；extensive意为“广阔的，广大的”；intensive意为“密集的，加强的”；exclusive意为“专有的，排外的”。

句意：自2008年以来，使用天然气发电——远没有完全清洁，但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少——已经上涨了25%。

2.单选题

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

问题1选项

A.athand

B.inturn

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项athand“在手边，即将到来”；B选项inturn“轮流，依次”；C选项inconclusion“总之，最后”；D选项atlength“详细地”。句意：导师目前没有时间进行详细说明，但他就自己的计划给了我们一个大概的看法。根据后半部分的“gaveusanidea”可知，选项D符合语境。

3.单选题

DrMeekwrote:“Asistruewithmostanimals,thewolfisanopportunistwhilstthedeerisoneoftheshyest（）animalsinexistence.”

问题1选项

A.savage

B.tame

C.wild

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。选项A：savage“野蛮的，残酷的，狂怒的；荒凉的”;选项B:tame“驯服的，顺从的”；选项C:wild“野生的，野蛮的”；选项D：strange意为“奇怪的，陌生的”。根据题干意思，选项C更切合题意，正确。句意：Meek博士写道:“就像大多数动物一样，狼是机会主义者，而鹿是世界上最害羞的野生动物之一。”

4.单选题

（

）asonlyasecond-rateImpressionistpainter,Pisarrohasrecentlyreceivedhighpraisefromartcritics.

问题1选项

A.Hewaslongregarded

B.Longwasheregarded

C.Longregarded

D.Beinglongregarded

【答案】C

【解析】考查分词做状语。再由这里事情的发生有先后顺序知使用一般过去式的C项正确；D项的被动式现在分词表原因，所以不正确。句意：长期以来，Pisarro一直被认为是二流印象派画家，最近他受到了艺术评论家的高度赞扬。

5.单选题

ASurveyhasfoundthatthreequartersofmenquiteenjoytheirfoodshoppingexperienceandarehappyto______theirwayaroundtheaislessearchingoutproducts.

问题1选项

A.drive

B.steer

C.navigate

D.voyage

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析与搭配。drive“推动；驾驶；驱赶”；steer“控制；引导；驾驶”；navigate“操纵；导航；航行”；voyage“航行；渡过”。四个选项虽都与驾驶、航行有关，但其中只有navigate可与one’swayaround搭配。句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性非常享受他们的食品购物体验，他们很乐意推车购物车来回寻找商品。因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology,thestudyofhumanbeingsandtheirculture.Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.Intheirsystematicexamination,researchersinallbranchesofanthropologyfollowthesamebasicsteps.Themethodcalledparticipantobservationismostwidespread,althoughothertechniquesareusedaswell.Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.Afterspecifichypotheseshavebeendeveloped,theresearchergathersinformationtolestthem,oftenintheformofsurveysorrecordedinterviews.Finally,theanthropologistorganizeswilltheinformationandevaluatesthehypothesesinlightofthedata.Theconclusionsoftenformthebasisofarticlesforscientificjournals,booksandlectures.

1.Theparagraphprecedingthispassagemostlikelydiscusses（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,investigationintohumantraitsleadsto（）.

3.Inline9,theitalicizedword“copious”mostcloselymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefirststepintheparticipantobservationmethod?

5.Intheline10,theitalicizedword“these”referstowhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.othersocialsciencefields

B.theoriginofanthropology

C.researchinanothersocialscience

D.branchesofanthropology

问题2选项

A.refinementsinhumanproducts

B.betterawarenessofpatternsinhumanconduct

C.systematicexaminationofallanthropologicalfields

D.constantadjustmentstothestepsofbasicresearch

问题3选项

A.ample

B.preliminary

C.outlined

D.specific

问题4选项

A.Selectingacommunitytostudy

B.Developingspecifichypotheses

C.Organizingandevaluatingdata

D.Observingandconservingwithcommunitymembers

问题5选项

A.hypotheses

B.observations

C.notes

D.conversations

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段“Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology.”可知，另一个依靠研究的社会科学是人类学，说明前文应该已经提到过一种社会科学，因此，A项为正确答案。

2.细节事实题。通过原文第一段“Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.”可知，这种研究有助于更好地理解人类行为的模式，which应指代前文中“人类学是对人类特征的研究”这一内容，因此，B项为正确答案。

3.词汇题。由原文第二段可知，这种方法的基本步骤包括：首先进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员信息。然后，从这些能成为进一步研究基础的笔记中提出假设。因此，根据逻辑意义可知，调查研究需要基于大量的事实数据。因此，A项“大量的；丰富的”与“note”最为恰当，copiousnotes表示“详细的笔记”，故正确答案为A。

4.细节事实题。根据原文第二段“Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.”可知，调查研究的第一步是进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员的信息。因此，D项是正确答案。

5.词汇题。分析these所在句Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.可知，工作人员做了大量的笔记，然后，从这些能成为进一步研究基础的笔记中提出假设。所以，these指代的应是前文中的copiousnotes，故正确答案是C项。

7.单选题

CardinalMEZZOFANTIofBolognawasasecularsaintwhowassaidtospeak72languages.Or50.Noonewascertainofthetruefigure,butitwasalot.VisitorsflockedfromallcomersofEuropetotesthimandcameawaystunned.Twocondemnedprisonerswereduetobeexecuted,butnooneknewtheirlanguagetoheartheirconfession.Mezzofantilearneditinanight,heardtheirsinsthenextmorningandsavedthemfromhell.

Orsothelegendgoes.In“BabelNoMore”,MichaelErardhaswrittenthefirstseriousbookaboutthepeoplewhomastervastnumbersoflanguages—orclaimto.Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese),butheapproacheshistopicwithbothwonderandahealthydashofscepticism.

Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.Thepeoplehemeetsarecertainlyinteresting.Onemanwithamentalageofninehasavastmemoryforforeignwordsandtheuseofgrammaticalendings,buthecannotseemtobreakfreeofEnglishwordorder.KenHals,whowasalinguistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyanddiedin2001,wassaidtohavelearned50languages.Professionallinguistssillswearbyhistalent.Butheinsistedhespokeonlythree(English,SpanishandWarlpiri—fromAustralia’sNorthernTerritory)andcouldmerely“talk”inothers.Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.

Attheendofhisstory,however,ErardfindsasurpriseinMezzofanti’sarchive:flashcards.Stacksofthem,inGeorgian,Hungarian,Arabic,Algonquinandnineothertongues.Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.Theconclusion?Hyperpolyglotsmaybeginwithtalentbuttheyaren’tgeniuses.Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.

1.Theword“hyperpolyglot”(para.2)referstotheonewho（）.

2.By“ahealthydashofskepticism”,theauthordemonstratesMr.Erard’s（）.

3.Mr.Erard’seffortstofindtheModernMezzofantis（）.

4.Whatistheemphasisinthelastparagraph?

5.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（）.

问题1选项

A.enjoyslearninglanguages

B.receivesstrictlanguagetraining

C.speaksmanylanguages

D.excelsinlanguagetests

问题2选项

A.biasedopinion

B.objectiveattitude

C.strongmotivation

D.extremecuriosity

问题3选项

A.arenotveryfruitful

B.willnotendinvain

C.seemtopayoff

D.arehighlyappreciated

问题4选项

A.Thereisnoshortcutinlanguagelearning.

B.Weallhavethepotentialtobeagoodlanguagelearner.

C.Somepeoplearemoregiftedtolearnlanguages.

D.Goodlanguagelearnershavespeciallearningtechniques.

问题5选项

A.aresearchpaper

B.asciencefiction

C.anewsreport

D.abookreview

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段第三句Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese)，（埃拉尔是一名记者，接受过一些语言学训练，但他自己并不是（），他会说一点西班牙语和汉语），会说一点西班牙语和汉语用来补充解释前面的hyperpolyglot，和C选项“会说多种语言”对应，hyperpolyglot是“语言狂人”，故C选项正确。A选项“喜欢学语言”文章没有提到。B选项“接受严格的语言训练”：Erard学过一些，说不上严格。D选项“擅长语言测试”，文章没有讲语言测试。因此C选项正确。

2.语义推测题。根据第三段最后一句Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.（埃拉尔说，真正的语言狂人大约从会11种语言开始，虽然传说比比皆是，但经过验证的例子却很少。），可知实际上语言狂人没有大家所知的那么多，所以Erard的怀疑是客观的，故B选项“客观的态度”正确，A选项“有偏见的观点”错误。C选项“强烈的动机”和D选项“极度的好奇心”和事例无关。因此B选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第三段第一句Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.（为了弄清楚是否真的有人能学会这么多语言，埃拉尔开始寻找现代的Mezzofantis。），和第三段最后一句triedandtestedexemplarsarefew（通过验证的例子很少），表明Erard的调查目的起码有些成效，故C选项“似乎有回报”正确。A选项“都不是很有成效”：在这过程中Erard遇到很多有趣的人，做了一些测试，得到一些结果。B选项“不会徒然结束”：没有提到后续相关事情。D选项“高度赞赏”：文中没有对调查结果的评价。因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第四段最后两句Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.（他们只是喜欢那些对普通人来说是苦差事的工作。天赋和乐趣驱动着一个良性循环，推动他们去完成别人根本不屑的壮举。），天赋和乐趣推动掌握多种语言的人持续不断的学习，也就是对普通人来说是苦差事又不屑的壮举，故A选项“语言学习没有捷径”正确。B选项“我们都有潜力成为一个好的语言学习者”和C选项“有些人在学习语言方面更有天赋”：有的人一开始或许是有天赋，但有天赋还不够，而持续学习不是普通人会做的。D选项“好的语言学习者有特殊的学习技巧”：根据最后一段第三句Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.（世界上最著名的语言狂人使用的工具和今天给一年级语言学习者是一样的。），可知D选项“好的语言学习者有特殊的学习技巧”错误。因此A选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。根据文章通过多个例子证明自己的观点，可知本文是议论体裁，故A选项“研究论文”正确。B选项“科幻小说”：没有幻想和科技的成分。C选项“新闻报道”：讲述事例不够客观。D选项“书评”：没有详细评价和介绍书。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

“Youth”and“culture”havebeenarathermorefamiliarpairingwithinsociologythan“oldage”and“culture”.Youngpeople'sspendingonclothes,stereoequipmentandcosmeticsmeantthatthe"teenager"becameavitallyimportantconsumerofleisuregoodsandservices.Thesefeaturesofyoungpeoplesexperiences,alongwiththeirincreasingproportionwithinthetotalpopulation,inevitablycaughttheattentionofseveralinfluentialsociologistswhowentontodescribeandanalyzethephenomenonof“youthculture”.Inrecentdecades,thesituationhaschangedsomewhat.Withtheagingofthepopulation,itisolderpeoplewhorepresentanincasingproportionwithinthetotalpopulation,someofwhomenjoyrelativeaffluencewithhighlevelsofdisposableincome.Consequently,itisolderpeople,ratherthanyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyregardedasimportantconsumersofleisuregoodsandservices.Severalsociologistshavebeguntoanalyzetheculturalimplicationsofpopulationaging.AndrewBlaikieinhisbookfirstaddressedthephenomenonof“grayculture”atlength.

BlaikiefocusesinparticularonthechangeinstylesofgrowingoldembodiedinnotionofthethirdAge.Thisisthestageofthelifecourseafterretirementfrompaidwork,whereactivity,leisureandpleasureareenjoyedbeforetheonsetofoldageproperbringssocialdependency,physicalinfirmitiesanddeath.Blailie'sbookisnotabouthowindividualswithanaccumulationofchronologicalyearsactuallyexperiencelaterlife,butisinsteadanexaminationofthechangingdiscoursesofgrowingoldastheseareexpressedinpopularculture.

Blailie'sanalysisissensitivetoissuesraisedbythereconstructionofoldageasa"leisureandpleasure"filledlifecoursestage,includingitsmeaningfulnesstothosewithoutthefinancialorotherresourcesnecessarytoenjoyit.Importantly,healsodiscusseswhattheculturalreconstructionofthepost-retirementphaseoflifecoursemeansforourunderstandingsandrepresentationsof"deepoldage"andbiologicalinevitabilityofdeath.

Forabooksoconcernedwiththeanalysesofvisualrepresentationsoflaterlife,therearefewactualillustrations.Thismustberegardedasaweakness.Moreoftenthannot,thereaderiswhollyreliantonBlaikie'sowndescriptionofvisualsourcesandhisinterpretationofhowtheserepresentlaterlife.Thereproductionofagreaternumberofcartoonsorphotographswouldhavegreatlyimprovedthepersuasivenessofhisanalysis.Nevertheless,thisisatimelybookwhichmakesanimportantcontributiontotheliteratureontheculturalreconstructionoflaterlife.

1.Accordingtothefirstsentenceofthearticle,youcanconcludethat（）.

2.WhatarethemaincontentsofBlaikie'sbook?

3.Whatcausedtheappearanceofthe"grayculture"phenomenon?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheThirdAgeinparagraph2istrue?

5.Thesignificanceoftheculturalreconstructionofoldagemainlyliesin（）.

问题1选项

A.youtharemorefamiliarwithsociologythanelderly

B.theelderlyaremorefamiliarwithsociologythanyouth

C.therearemoreresearchesonbehaviorsandlifestylesofyouththanthoseoftheelderlywithinsociology

D.therearemoreresearchesonbehaviorsandlifestylesoftheelderlythanyouthwithinsociology

问题2选项

A.Theproblemsraisedbytheagingofpopulation.

B.Thechangeinstylesofgrowingold.

C.Theconsumingtendencyoftheolderpeople.

D.Theanalysisofvisualdescriptionoflaterlife.

问题3选项

A.Anincreasingproportionofolderpeoplewithinthetotalpopulation.

B.Olderpeopleareregardedasimportantconsumersofleisuregoodsandservices.

C.Somesociologistshavebeguntostudytheculturalimplicationsofanagingpopulation.

D.Alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.Theelderlycan'tworkinthisstage.

B.Theelderly'slivesarefullofpleasureduringthewholestage.

C.Fortheelderly,dependingonsocietyanddeathareinevitablyfinally.

D.Theelderlyareafraidofdeathverymuch.

问题5选项

A.helpingoldpeopleinfinancialdifficultiestoenjoytheirlives

B.helpingtheelderlytocommunicatewithyoutheasily

C.helpingtheelderlytoimprovetheirlifestandards

D.helpingustounderstandtheeldersanddeath

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.第一段第一句的原意是：在社会学中,“青年”和“文化”是比“老年”和“文化”更为熟悉的一对。下文给出了原因,由于年轻人的特性和所占人口比重大,吸引了社会学家对“青年文化”现象进行了描述和分析。所以选项C符合原文。

2.根据关键词“Blaikie'sbook”定位到第一段的最后一句“AndrewBlaikieinhisbookfirstaddressedthephenomenonof“grayculture”atlength.”而这种“灰色文化”现象即下文提到的“BlaikiefocusesinparticularonthechangeinstylesofgrowingoldembodiedinnotionofthethirdAge.”所以,选项B符合原文。

3.根据第一段后半部分内容“Inrecentdecades,thesituationhaschanged...theculturalimplicationsofpopulationaging.”选项A,B,C都是“灰色文化”出现的原因,所以选项D正确。

4.根据第二段的第二句“Thisisthestage...bringssocialdependency,physicalinfirmitiesanddeath.”这是退休之后的人生阶段,这个阶段的人们在老年产生社会依赖,感到身体不适,甚至可能死亡之前,就可以享受到活动、休闲和娱乐。选项B符合原文。

5.根据第三段的最后一句“...meansforourunderstandingsandrepresentationsof"deepoldage"andbiologicalinevitabilityofdeath.”意味着我们对“老年人”的理解和表达以及生物死亡的必然性。选项D符合原文。

9.单选题

2.

问题1选项

A.Takeaholidayfromwork.

B.Worrylessaboutwork.

C.Takesomesleepingpills.

D.Workhardertoforgetallhertrouble.

【答案】B

【解析】W:IsthereanythingelseIcandotohelpmesleeptonight?

M:Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork.Iknow,Iknow,easiersaidthandone.

W:ShouldIstayhomefromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary,justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdidthedoctorsuggestthewomando?

【解析】细节题。医生建议：Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork（少想工作），故选B。

10.单选题

Hefearsthismonth'sincreasedviolencemayharmKenya'svitaltouristindustry,muchofwhichcenterson_______toseeitsexoticanimals.

问题1选项

A.sahib

B.shamble

C.severity

D.safaris

【答案】D

【解析】sahib先生,阁下,大人;shamble蹒跚,摇晃的脚步;severity严肃,严重;safari旅行,狩猎远征,旅行队。句意：他担心这个月暴力事件的增加可能会损害肯尼亚至关重要的旅游业,肯尼亚的旅游业主要是以在旅行中观赏野生动物为主。选项D符合句意。

11.单选题

Progressiveandreactionarypopulistmovementsarenotnecessarily_______:eachmay,andusuallydoes,possessfeaturesoftheother.

问题1选项

A.subversive

B.efficacious

C.untenable

D.dichotomous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项subversive“破坏性的”；B选项efficacious“有效的”；C选项untenable“（理论等）站不住脚的；不能维持的”；D选项dichotomous“二元对立的”。句意：进步和反动的民粹主义运动不一定_______：相互可能，而且是通常具有对方的特征。根据语境，这里指的是进步和反动的民粹主义有相同的特性，不是完全对立，所以dichotomous“二元对立的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Theprisonerswhois______inchainsinacellhasbeendeprivedoffreelife.

问题1选项

A.constrained

B.refrained

C.retained

D.attained

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项constrain“驱使，强迫”，B项refrain“节制，克制”，C项retain“保留”，D项attain“取得，获得”。根据句子意思“那些用铁链……牢房里的囚犯被剥夺了生活的自由”可推断，空格处应该表示“限制，束缚”，四个选项中只有A项意思与之相近。句意：用铁链束缚在牢房里的囚犯被剥夺了自由生活。因此，该题选择A项正确。

13.单选题

Afewdecadesago,itwasstillpossibletoleavehomeandgosomewhereelse:thearchitecturewasdifferent,thelandscapewasdifferent,thelanguage,lifestyle,dress,andvaluesweredifferent.Thatwasatimewhenwecouldspeakofculturaldiversity.Butwitheconomicglobalization,diversityisfastdisappearing.Thegoaloftheglobaleconomyisthatallcountriesshouldbehomogenized.Whenglobalhotelchainsadvertisetotouriststhatalltheirroomsineverycityoftheworldareidentical,theydon’tmentionthatthecitiesarebecomingidenticaltoo:cars,noise,smog,corporatehigh-rises,violence,fastfood,McDonalds,Nikes,Levis,BarbieDolls,AmericanTVandfilm.What’sthepointofleavinghome?

Therearemanycausesforthisdrearyturnofevents,butoneiscentral:economicglobalizationandinstitutionsliketheWorldBankandtheWTOpromoteaspecifickindofhomogenizingdevelopmentthatfreesthelargestcorporationsintheworldtoinvestandoperateineverymarket,everywhere.Fortheseagenciesandcorporation,diversityisnotaprimaryvalue:efficiencyis.Diversityisanenemybecauseitrequiresdifferentiatedsalesappeal.Whatcorporationsloveiscreatingthesamevalues,thesametastes,usingthesameadvertising,sellingthesameproducts,anddrivingoutsmalllocalcompetitors.Massmarketerspreferhomogenizedconsumers.Theyalsopreferplaceswithlowwages,cheapresources,andtheleastrestrictiveenvironmentalandlaborlaws.

Thenewrulesofglobaltradeareprimarilysetbytheultra-secretiveWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),whichnowrivalstheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)asthemostpowerful,yetundemocraticbodyintheworld.Itsrulesarespecificallydesignedtoserveglobalcorporateexpansionandthehomogenizationprocess.Theymakeitnearlyimpossiblefornation-statestopreventcertainharmfulformsofcorporatedevelopment,nomatterwhatproblemstheybring.SowefindthatEuropeanbankerscandominateThirdWorldeconomies;AsiancompaniescancutdownCanadianandBrazilianforests;Americancorporationscandominatethewholeworld’sfarmersandfoodsupply;DisneycanhomogenizeconsciousnessandMcDonaldscanhomogenizetastes,globally.Everycountryloseswhileglobalcorporationswin.

Corporateinvasionsintodiverseculturesoftenoccurovervigorousprotestsbylocalgovernmentsandpopulationsthattrytoprotectlocalbusiness,culture,health,foodsafety,andlocallivelihoods.Noteveryonewantstobecomelikeeveryoneelse.(MorethanonemillionofIndia’ssmallfarmersprotestedagainsttheentryofindustrialagriculture,specificallyCargillCorporationandKentuckyFriedChicken.)Millionsofothershaveprotestedagainsttheinvasionandpromotionofgeneticallyengineeredfoodswhicharedestroyinglocallivelihoodsandthreateningpublichealth.Butwhencountriestrytoslowdownthesecorporateinvasions—orcreatelawsthatprotectlocalresources,orjobs,orhealthstandards一theymayfindthelawschallengedattheWTOasillegalrestrictionsagainstforeigninvestment.Infact,arecentlyproposedadditiontotheWTOwouldmakeitnearlyimpossibleforanycountrytopreventimportsofbiotechfoodproducts—despitepublicconcernoverhealthaspects.

Meanwhile,allplacesarestartingtomerge.InruralFrance,localcheesefarmsaresuckedupbygiantagribusiness.InEngland,smalltownsinthecountrysidehavehigh-speedfreewaysandtrucksjammingthroughthemdespitemassopposition.RicepaddiesinBaliareturnedintohotelresorts.SmallfarmsinJapanbecomeexecutivegolfcourses.Smallbusinessesandretailshopseverywhere,includingtheU.S.,arebeingdrivenunderbyuntaxede-commerce,whichtheWTOmaysooncodify.NepalesevillageshaveSylvesterStalloneontheirbillboards,Barbieintheirstores,andJayLenoontheirTVsets.

Everyplaceisbecomingeveryplaceelse:monoculture.“Gettherebeforeit’sruined.”Isthisafamiliarphrase?Isthisasystemyouwant?

Ifglobalizationhomogenizescultures,itseffectonNatureisjustasbad.Witheverycountrypressuredtoopenupitsforests,minerals,water,andlandtoglobalcorporations,thefewpristineplacesaredisappearingfast.Soarethenativepeoplewholiveinthem.Soaretheanimals,plantsandbiota…thebiodiversityoftheplanet.(Brazil,forexample,recentlysuspendeditsenvironmentallaws,sothatAmazonforestscanbecutdownfastertohelpthecountrypayoffIMFdebts.)

Meanwhile,industrialforestrypractices,likeclear-cutting,producelandscapessobarrenthatit’shardtoknowifit’stheAmazonorOregon;landscapesoftreestumpslookalikewherevertheyare.Thisismonoculturetoo.Biodiversityisdisappearingasfastasculturaldiversity.

Here’stherationaleforallthis:Byservingtheneedsofglobalbusiness,everyonebenefits.“Arisingtideliftsallboats.”Isthistrue?WhileCEOsalariesforglobalcorporationsarerising—somemake$50-500millionannually—worldwide,realwagesformostpeoplearefalling.AccordingtotheU.N.,thegapsbetweenrichandpoorwithincountriesandamongcountries,hasgrownbecauseoftheinequitiesofglobaltrade.EvenintheU.S.,themedianwageoffactoryworkershasfallenby10%inthelasttwodecades.And,EnglandnowadvertisesthatitsworkersarethelowestpaidinEurope.Lowwagesaresuddenlyvirtuous.Apparently,therisingtideliftsmainlyyachts.

Theglobaleconomyisdesignedtobenefitthelargestcorporationsintheworld,whoaregettingrapidlylargerandmoredominant.Alreadysomecorporationsarebiggerineconomictermsthanmostnationstates.Mitsubishiisthe22ndlargesteconomyintheworld.GeneralMotorsis26th.Fordis31st.TheyarelargerthanDenmark,Thailand,Turkey,Norway,Greece,Chile,Brazil,NewZealandanddozensofothers.

Whatcanwedo?Dozensofgoodorganizationsareworkingontheseissues.Thisyear,mostarefocusedontheWorldTradeOrganizationMinisterialMeetinginSeattle,Washington,twoweeksfromnow.MostgroupsaredemandingahalttoallWTOexpansionandafullpublicreassessmentofitsactivities.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthat（）.

2.Themainpurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutahomogenizedworld?

4.WhoshouldbeblamedfortheBrazilianforests'beingdown?

5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatvigorousprotestsoccurredinIndiabecause（）.

问题1选项

A.theauthorisdescribingboththegoodandbadimpactsofeconomicglobalization

B.globalizationisreducingthedifferencesbetweentherichandthepoor

C.theauthorisunhappywiththeconsequencesofglobalization

D.globalizationisgoodforboththerichandthepoor

问题2选项

A.todiscusswhat’sgoodandwhat’sbadineconomicglobalization

B.toblametheWTOandotherlargeglobalcorporationsfortheirwrongdoings

C.tojustifyhisworriesaboutthedisappearanceofculturaldiversity

D.torefutetherationaleofglobalizationandshowhisobjectiontoglobalmonoculture

问题3选项

A.Everyplacewillbecomeexactlythesameaseveryplaceelse.

B.Culturaldiversityandbiodiversitywillnotberuined.

C.People’svalueorientationissuretobeidenticalgradually.

D.Peoplecanbuythesamegoodsandmayhavethesametastes.

问题4选项

A.TheInternationalMonetaryfund.

B.TheWorldTradeOrganization.

C.LargeglobalcorporationssuchasMitsubishi.

D.TheBraziliangovernment.

问题5选项

A.theIndiansdidn’tliketherulesoftheWorldTradeOrganization

B.globalcorporationspromotedthesaleofgeneticallyengineeredfoodsthere

C.theinternationalcorporationshavedestroyedthelocalpeople’slivelihoodandhealth

D.theIndiansdidn’twanttofollowthenewrulesofglobaltrade

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一段的“Butwitheconomicglobalization,diversityisfastdisappearing.”作者指出随着经济全球化，多样性正在迅速消失。本段最后一句“What’sthepointofleavinghome?”表明了作者的态度，说明作者对全球化的结果感到不满。选项C符合原文。

2.主旨大意题。文章首段提出经济全球化导致多样性的消失，第二段指出造成这种局面最核心的原因是世界银行和世贸组织等机构推动了同质化发展。在接下来的段落里详细描述了这些机构和跨国公司是如何促进同质化发展以及由此带来的影响。所以作者写此文章的目的是指责世贸组织和其他大型跨国公司的错误行为,选项B正确。

3.事实细节题。根据原文第七段的第一句“Ifglobalizationhomogenizescultures,itseffectonNatureisjustasbad.”可知，同质化不仅破坏了文化的多样性，对生物的多样性也同样产生了糟糕的影响，所以选项B错误。

4.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到原文第三段,亚洲公司可以砍伐加拿大和巴西的森林。这是因为，国家几乎无法阻止某些有害形式的公司发展，而导致这一问题的主要原因是WTO制定了专门为全球企业扩张和同质化过程服务的全球贸易新规则。所以选项B正确。

5.推断题。根据第四段的内容可知，印度小农抗议转基因食品的入侵和推广，这些食品正在破坏当地的生计，威胁公共健康。所以选项B正确。选项C破坏人们生活健康的不是跨国公司而是它们推销的转基因食品，所以选项C错误。

14.单选题

TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenationalgovernmentwhilepreserving（）forthestatesandlibertyforindividuals.

问题1选项

A.autonomy

B.dignity

C.monopoly

D.stability

【答案】A

【解析】autonomy自治；dignity尊严,

高贵；monopoly垄断；stability稳定性。句意：撰写美国国家宪法的人试图建立一个高效的国家政府,

即能保证各个州的自治,

又能保证个人的自由。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

Therepresentativeofthecommitteewasaskedto（）hisearlierstatement.

问题1选项

A.verify

B.withdraw

C.repeat

D.modify

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这个委员会的代表被要求证实他早期的言论。

考查动词辨析。verify核实，证实withdraw撤回;repeat重复;modify修改。因此A项符合句意。

16.单选题

ThehighestmountainpassinEuropeis______.

问题1选项

A.of2,473meters

B.at2,473metershigh

C.2,473highmeters

D.2,473metershigh

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。表示某物的长、高、宽时，英语中的表达是“名词+be动词+数量+形容词”，故D项正确。A项为beof结构，后面一般跟抽象名词，表示“某物/某人具有某种品质、性质或特点”；B项介词at使用不正确；C项meters应该紧跟在数字后面。句意：欧洲最高的山脉海拔2473米。因此，该题选择D项正确。

17.单选题

Freddoesn’tlikewhitecoffee,nordoesheliketoputcreamonhisstrawberries,becauseheprefersthem______.

问题1选项

A.natural

B.plain

C.simple

D.ordinary

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.natural自然的；天然的B.plain朴素的；简单的

C.simple简单的D.ordinary普通的；平常的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照主句内容“弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油”可推知，他喜欢吃原滋原味的食物，plain可以表示食物等素净、清淡的，所以该题选择B项恰当。

【干扰项排除】

A项、D项不符合句意；

C项指人或事物拥有他们所需要的所有基本或必要的东西，或者某件事物易于理解，不符合语境。

【句意】弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油，因为他喜欢原味的食物。

18.单选题

Doctorswarnedagainstchewingtobaccoasa___forsmoking.

问题1选项

A.succession

B.substitute

C.revival

D.relief

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项succession“连续；继位；继承权；（生态）演替”；B选项substitute“