考研考博-英语-宜宾学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宜宾学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

SomehistoriansareconvincedthatRomewasacorruptkingdomthatdeservedto（）.

问题1选项

A.die

B.expire

C.perish

D.cease

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项die“死亡；消失”，多用于指“有生命的人或物消亡”；B选项expire“（因到期而）失效；届满；去世”，表示“死亡”时，更强调这个动作，理解为“断气”；C选项perish“死亡；毁灭”，多用于文学用语，强调事物消失；D选项cease“（使）停止，终止，结束”。句意：一些历史学家认为罗马是一个腐败的王国，理应消亡。根据词语的偏向性及语境，此处应指“罗马王国的消失”，C选项正确。

2.单选题

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanity’slongestcontinuous（

）ofnaturalevents.

问题1选项

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。A选项“挑衅，蔑视”；B选项“文件编制，文档”；C选项“维持，保养”；D选项“支配，统治”；根据句意‘继古埃及人之后旋即展开了有系统的天文与气候观察的中国人可谓是勤勉不辍的文献记录者，并且基于这一原因，中国人可声称拥有人类历史上对自然事件最悠久连续的文献记载。’确定B选项正确。

3.单选题

Don’t______thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

问题1选项

A.release

B.relieve

C.relate

D.inform

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项release“释放，发布”，B项relieve“解除，减轻”，C项relate“叙述，涉及”，D项inform“通知，告诉”。根据关键词news“新闻”和untilwegiveyouthego-ahead“直到我们同意”可知，与news搭配的词应该为“公布，发布”。句意：在我们同意之前，不要把这个计划公之于众。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.单选题

YesterdayWangWeiguowasinabarfightinwhichhehitapatrolmanattemptingtobreakitup;afterwardshewasquiteupsetwiththepolice,wholethimstayiniailovernight

问题1选项

A.wasinabarfightinwhich

B.attemptingto

C.breakitup

D.lethimstayiniail

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】动词误用。Let改成made。由关键词“stayinjail呆在监狱里”知这里的动词let“让；允许”在语境上不恰当，这里可以改成“made”(make的过去式)。

5.单选题

Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandorexpresstheemotionthatit（

）inhim,concludesthatitmustbethegatewaytoaworldthatliesbeyond.

问题1选项

A.reflects

B.retains

C.radiates

D.rouses

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reflect“反射（光、热、声或影像）”；B选项retain“保持”；C选项radiate“辐射，发射”；D选项rouse“唤醒，激起（某种情感）”。句中的it指代前面的sunset，根据语境，可知选D，表示“theemotionthatitrouses（日落激起的情感）”。句意：一个年轻人看到日落，无法理解或表达它在他心中激起的情感，他得出结论，日落想必是通往遥远世界的大门。

6.单选题

Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.Unfortunately,thegeologicalevolutionoftheEarth’ssurfacehashadanobliteratingeffectontheoriginalcompositionandstructureofthecontinentstosuchanextentthatfurtherterrestrialinvestigationshavesmallchanceofarrivingatanunambiguousanswertothequestionofcontinentalorigin.Paradoxically,cluestotheoriginandearlyhistoryofthesurfacefeaturesoftheEarthmaybefoundontheMoonandplanets,ratherthanontheEarth,becausesomeofthesebodiesappeartohavehadamuchlessactivegeologicalhistory.Asaresult,relativelyprimitivesurfacefeaturesarepreservedforstudyandanalysis.InthecaseofboththeMoonandMars,itisgenerallyconcludedfromtheappearanceoftheirheavilycrateredsurfacesthattheyhavebeensubjectedtobombardmentbylargemeteoroidsduringtheirgeologicalhistory.Likewise,itwouldappearareasonablehypothesisthattheBarthhasalsobeensubjectedtometeoroidbombardmentinpast,andthatverylargebodiesstrucktheEarthearlyinitsgeologicalhistory.

ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.Basedonalunaranalogy,onemightexpectseveralimpactcratersofatleast500kmdiametertohavebeenformedonEarth.ByapplyingBaldwin’sequation,thedepthofsuchacratershouldbeabout20km.Baldwinadmitsthathisequationgivesexcessivedepthsforlargecraterssothattheactualdepthshouldbesomewhatsmaller.Basedonthemeasureddepthofsmallerlunarcrater,Baldwin’sequationgivesthedepthofthezoneofbrecciationforsuchacraterasabout75km.TheplasticityoftheEarth’smantleatthedepthmakesitimpossibletospeakof“bracciation”intheusualsense.However,localstressesmaybetemporarilysustainedatthatdepth,asshownbytheexistenceofdeep-focusearthquakes.Thus,short-termeffectsmightbeexpectedtoadepthofmorethan50kminthemantle.

Evenwithoutknowingthepreciseeffects,thereislittledoubtthattheformationofa500-kmcraterwouldbeamajorgeologicalevent.Numerousauthorshaveconsideredthegeologicalimplicationsofsuchanevent.Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.Twomajordifficultiesinherentinthisconceptarethelackofanyknownsialicmeteorites,andthehighprobabilitythattheenergyofimpactwouldresultinawidedisseminationofsialicmaterial,ratherthanitsconcentrationatthepointofimpact.

Gilvarry,ontheotherhand,calledonmeteoroidimpacttoexplaintheproductionofoceanbasins.Themajordifficultieswiththismodelarethatmorphologyofmostoftheoceanbasinsisnotconsistentwithimpact,andthattheoriginandgrowthofcontinentsisnotadequatelyexplained.

WeagreewithDonnatal.thattheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsmayhavecausedcontinentformation,butwouldratherthinkintermsofthelocalizedadditionofenergytothesystem,ratherthanintermsoftheadditionofactualsialicmaterial.

Amarebasinis（

）.

Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat

（

）.

Thearticleisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

Sialicmaterialrefersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.aformulafordeterminingtherelationshipbetweenthedepthandwidthofcraters

B.avalleythatisfilledinwhenaspatialbodyhasimpactwiththemoonortheearth

C.aplanetoid(smallplanet)createdwhenameteorite,uponstrikingthemoon,breaksoffapartofthemoon

D.adarkspotonthemoon,oncesupposedtobeasea,nowaplain

问题2选项

A.anasteroidislargerthanameteorite.

B.materialfromspace,uponhittingtheearth,waseventuallydistributed

C.theearth,atonetime,hadcraters

D.oceanwereformerlycraters

问题3选项

A.theoriginofcontinents

B.therelationshipbetweenastralphenomenaandthemoon

C.differencesofopinionamongauthoritativegeologists

D.therelationshipbetweenasteroidsandmeteorites

问题4选项

A.thebrokenrockresultingfromtheimpactofameteoriteagainsttheearth

B.materialthatexistsonplanetsotherthantheearth

C.acompositeofrocktypicalofcontinentalareasoftheearth

D.materialthatisman-madetosimulatematerialsthatexistedfarbackingeologicalhistory

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】细节事实题。A选项“是测定陨石坑深度和宽度的公式”，B选项“某一天体与月球或地球撞击时填入的深谷”，C选项“当陨星撞击月亮时，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星体”和D选项“月球上的一个黑点，一度认识是海，现在知道是平原。根据文章第二段的前两句“ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.”“鲍德温所列出的月球上最大的隅#坑直径为285公里。可是，如果我们接受了某些由于撞击而形成海盆地的结构假设，那么月球上最大陨石坑的直径可能有650公里。”由此可以推断出marebasin为月球上的陨石坑，所以D选项正确。

细节事实题。文章第四段讲到了Gilvarry用陨星撞击来解释海洋盆地的形成，这一模式的最大困难在于大多数海洋盆地结构和撞击情况不符，由此可以推断出D选项‘作者不相信海洋是以前的陨石坑’正确。

细节事实题。根据文章在第一段前三句“Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.”“大陆核起源长期以来一直是个谜。进展到现在的理论一般都不能说明大陆生长的第一步情况，或者遭到严厉的反对。这篇文章的目的就是要研究大陨星或小行星的撞击在地球核生成中可能起的作用”推断出A选项‘大陆的起源’正确。

细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.”“例如，Donnatal.提出大陆区域大小的，硅铝结构的天体撞击形成最初的大陆块的设想”可以推断C选项“地球大陆地区特有的岩石构成”符合题意；A选项“由于陨星撞击地球形成破碎的岩石”、B选项“存在于地球之外其它星球的材料”和D选项“人造材料模拟存在于遥远地质史上的材料”均没有在文中提及。

7.单选题

Nutritionalstatusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowandlessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfrombeinglaughedatandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children’sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorlynourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalanceofthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringearlychildhoodarelesslikelytobechangedbyimproveddietaryintakelater.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut______.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby______.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

5.Theword“withdrawn”inLine3ofPara1means______.

问题1选项

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

问题2选项

A.Children’sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltotheirpoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdisease.

D.Thecycleindicatesthatillnesscanturnthepoornutritionalconditionfortheworse.

问题3选项

A.adeprivedenvironment

B.unwisefoodselections

C.undernutrition

D.alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.overnutritionisevenharmfulthanundernutrition

B.malnutritionhasseriouseffectsonchild’sphysicaldevelopment

C.thenutritionalconditionofayoungchilddeservesmoreconcernthanthatofanadult

D.thenutrientsintakecanbeimprovedasthechildgrowsup

问题5选项

A.isolated

B.reserve

C.selfish

D.stubborn

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“Well-nourished”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.（营养良好的儿童更警觉、更专心，更能从体育活动和学习经验中受益。），所以A选项“在学习时专心致志”，C选项“从体育活动中受益”，D选项“行为端正”均符合营养良好儿童的特点，排除A，C，D。B选项“在课堂上过于活跃”，由第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（营养不良的孩子可能会安静、孤僻，或者在课堂活动中过于活跃。）可知，这是营养不良孩子的特点，因此本题选B。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由A选项关键词“resistancetoillness”可以定位到文章第二段第五句Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.（因此，营养不良造成了疾病的循环，营养状况越差，抗病能力越低。），说明营养状况越差的儿童，对疾病的抵抗力也越低。因此A选项“儿童对疾病的抵抗力与其不良的营养状况成正比”与原文的表述不符，本题选A。B选项“营养好的人生病后往往恢复得很快”，C选项“营养不良的人最容易成为传染病的受害者”，D选项“循环表明，疾病会使营养不良的状况恶化”均与原文的意思相符，所以排除B，C，D。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections…Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.（营养不良对许多儿童来说是一个严重的问题，但它并不总是与贫穷或恶劣的环境有关。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因为不明智的食物选择而营养不良……营养不良可能是营养不足或营养过剩的结果。），说明营养不良的原因有恶劣的环境、不明智的食物选择、营养不足、营养过剩。A选项“恶劣的环境”，B选项“不明智的食物选择”，C选项“营养不足”都是导致营养不良的原因之一，所以D选项“以上都是”正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章介绍了儿童营养不良造成的危害和导致儿童营养不良的原因，但是C选项所说“儿童的营养状况比成人的营养状况更值得关注”无法从本文得出，本文并未对比两种状况哪一种更值得关注，C选项首先可排除。A选项“营养过剩比营养不足更有害”，由原文第三段最后一句“Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition”可知，营养过剩和营养不足都是造成营养不良的原因，它们同样有严重的危害，所以A错误。D选项“随着孩子的成长，营养素的摄入量可以得到改善”，由原文可知，早期儿童营养缺乏对身体发育的影响不太可能因以后改善饮食摄入而改变，所以D错误。B选项“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”，由原文最后一段可知，Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment“在生长和发育的早期阶段，充分摄取所有必需营养素是最重要的”，也就是要保证发育期的营养摄入，可反推出“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”，因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“withdrawn”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（营养不良的孩子可能会安静、孤僻，或者在课堂活动中过于活跃。），说明“withdrawn”在文中是形容儿童的性格，意思应该是和“安静”对应的“孤僻的、沉默寡言的”。因此A选项isolated“孤独的”正确。B选项reserve“储备”，C选项“自私的”，D选项“顽固的”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

8.单选题

Whenhewasonly10metersawayfromthefinishingline,theAfricanrunnersuddenly（）passingbytheotherrunners.

问题1选项

A.attempted

B.approached

C.accelerated

D.accessed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attempt“企图，试图”；approach“走进；临近；处理”；accelerate“加速”；access“接近，使用”。句意：当他离终点只有10米远的时候，这位非洲跑步者加速超过了其他人。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Especiallyimportanttomanypeople（）.

问题1选项

A.thereislegislationagainstpollution

B.islegislationagainstpollution

C.itislegislationagainstpollution

D.legislationagainstpollutionis

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。考查倒装。Especially位于句首时，句子可倒装，因此可把表语和系动词提前，故B项正确。句意：对许多人来说，尤其重要的是立法防止污染。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.

Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.

【答案】人的青春美妙绝伦，虽满是痛楚，但魅力无限。年少时不了解青春为何物，当其永逝，方才幡然大悟。

青春的逝去令人百般不舍，目睹其渐行渐远，难免触目伤怀，悔不当初。但青春不再却又着实让人悲喜交加。可即便奇迹出现，时光倒流，却也无人情愿重度那段青春岁月。

11.单选题

Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost（

）areasinJapaneselife.

问题1选项

A.sophisticated

B.competitive

C.considerate

D.superficial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated意为“见多识广的，老练的”；competitive意为“竞争的，比赛的”；considerate意为“考虑周到的，体贴的”；superficial意为“肤浅的，表面的”。由前面because引导的原因状语，可知好大学的学位意味着好更好的工作，故此推测教育领域具有竞争性，因此选B。

句意：因为一所好大学的学位是获得更好工作的手段，所以教育是日本人生活中最具竞争的领域之一。

12.单选题

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（

）themassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”；reclaim“取回，收回”；refrain“节制，克制，避免”；reckon“认为，假定”。句意：你一旦知道你错在哪里，你就应该尽快改正。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

England’steam,whoarenowsuperblyfitwillbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesforlastyear’sdefeat.

问题1选项

A.revive

B.retort

C.revenge

D.remedy

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。revive“复兴，苏醒”；retort“反驳，回嘴”；revenge“复仇”；remedy“补救，治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态非常好，下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利复仇。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Withaninitialinvestmentofonlytenthousanddollars,bothpartnershaveincreasedtheirmoney（）.

问题1选项

A.bytwothousandmore

B.bytwothousand

C.fortwothousandmore

D.fortwothousand

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。increaseby为固定搭配,

意为増加了...。句意：由于初始投资资金只有一万美元,

合作双方将他们的投资金额増加了两千美元。根据句意可知没有比较的意思,

所以不用more。选项B正确。

15.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我们要树立必胜信念、继续埋头苦干，贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，着力推进结构性改革，着力推进改革开放，着力促进社会公平正义，着力营造政治上的绿水青山，为全面建成小康社会决胜阶段开好局、起好步。

【答案】Weshouldremainfirminourconvictiontosucceed,continuetoworkhardandimplementthevisionofachievinginnovative,coordinated,green,openandshareddevelopment.Wewillendeavortocarryoutstructuralreform,acceleratereformandopening-up,promotesocialequityandjustice,andcreateasoundpoliticalenvironment.Doingsowillenableustogetofftoagoodstartinoureffortstofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsinthisdecisivestage.

16.单选题

Themassive,black,hornedbuffalo,formerlyfoundthroughoutsub-SaharanAfrica,isagregariousanimalofopenorscrub-coveredplainsandopenforests.

问题1选项

A.rotten

B.sociable

C.wealthy

D.beautiful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原产于非洲撒哈拉以南，是一种群居动物，生活在开阔的或灌木覆盖的平原和开阔的森林中。gregarious意为“社交的，群居的”。rotten腐烂的，堕落的；sociable好交际的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美丽的。选项B与之意思相近。

17.单选题

Theoldmanwaskindand______enoughtohelpthechildrencrossthestreet.

问题1选项

A.timid

B.lively

C.gracious

D.graceful

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项timid“羞怯的”；B选项lively“活泼的；充满趣味的，热烈的”；C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的；有礼貌的”；D选项graceful“优雅的”。句意：这位老人非常友好和______，还帮助孩子们过马路。根据语境，这里C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的；有礼貌的”形容老人比较合理，意思指老人热心帮助孩子们，非常和蔼可亲。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Areundergraduategradesimportant?Everyoneknowsthathighmarksearnedatdifferentschoolsorunderdifferentinstructorscanindicateverydifferentlevelsofachievement.Oneprofessormaybeahardgrader,whileanotherisverygenerousoronewhotakesthewholebusinessasabitofjoke.Someschoolshavenighstandards,whereasothersaregroupsofintellectualpeople.Andatalluniversities,thereisaconstanttendencytowardsgradeinflation（thegrantingofevermorehighmarks）.Thatisfoughtvigorouslyatsomeinstitutionsandallowedtogouncheckedforlongperiodsatothers.

Anotherpointraisedagainstgradesishowpoorlytheypredicthowmuchgraduateswillbeearning15or20yearsaftergettingtheirdegrees.Asmanystudieshaveshown,thereisonlyaverypoorcorrelationbetweenundergraduate’sgradesandsubsequentwealth.Peoplewhogetgoodmarkstendtogointotheprofessions,notallofwhicharehighlyremunerative（有利的）.Thecorrelationbetweenundergraduategradesandsuccessinbusiness,themostcommonroadtowealth,isvirtuallynothing.Manymediocre（平庸）studentsbecomesuccessfulbusinessman,whilesomebrilliantandcapablegraduates（creativeyoungsters,notstudentswithspecialskillsinpassingexams）takeuprelativelylow-payingbutinterestingorsatisfyingcareers.Thegeneralpopulation,examiningthisquestionthroughastatisticallens,seesonethingveryclearlythatgoodgradesdon’ttranslateinanydirectwayintobigbucks,andforbetterorforworse,thegauge（标尺）of“success”forcountlessAmericansistheacquisitionofwealth.

TheresultisacertainmodestyaboutgoodgradesinAmericaamongthosewhogetthem.Astudent’sparentsmaybragabouthismarks,butseldomwillthestudenthimselfriskbeingbrandeda“grade-grubber”bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess.Highmarksarenotsomethingtobeadvertisedtotheworldexceptonresumes,andanybodywhoboastsaboutthemislikelytobeviewedwithcontempt,notleastbyintelligentpeople.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutundergraduategrades?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweengradesandbusinessperformance?

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheAmericanattitudetowardsgoodgrades?

4.Thephrase“grade-grubber”,underlinedinparagraph3probablymeans（

）.

5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Differentgradesinschoolsindicatedifferentlevelsofachievement.

B.Professorsaregivingincreasinglyhighmarks.

C.Professorssometimesgivegradeswithoutcheckingstudent’swork.

D.Professorsarelikelytogivehighgradesiftheyarehumorous.

问题2选项

A.Goodgradesnormallyleadtobusinesssuccess.

B.Thereisadirectlinkbetweengradesandbusinesssuccess.

C.Goodgradesdon'tnecessarilymeanbusinesssuccess.

D.Poorgradesoftenmeanbusinesssuccess.

问题3选项

A.Thestudentswithgoodgradeswillsharehishappinesswitheverybodyheknows.

B.Goodgradesaresomethingattachedtogreatimportance.

C.Notmuchimportanceisattachedtogoodgrades.

D.Studentswillriskeverythingtogetgoodgrades.

问题4选项

A.astudentwholiketotakerisks

B.astudentwhoisexcellentinacademicstudy

C.astudentwhoisobsessedbygettinggoodgrades

D.astudentwhobragsabouthisgoodgrades

问题5选项

A.AreGradesSoImportant?

B.HowtoGetGoodGrades.

C.DifferentAttitudestowardsGrades.

D.GradesandBusinessSuccess

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问‘关于本科成绩，下列哪个选项是正确的?’。根据文章第一段中第三句“Oneprofessormaybeahardgrader,whileanotherisverygenerousoronewhotakesthewholebusinessasabitofjoke.一位教授可能是一个严格的评分者，而另一位教授可能是一个非常慷慨的人，或者是一个把整件事当作玩笑的人。”确定C选项‘教授有时不检查学生的作业就给他们打分。’正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘根据这篇文章，成绩和企业绩效之间的关系是什么?’。根据文章第二段中第四句“Thecorrelationbetweenundergraduategradesandsuccessinbusiness,themostcommonroadtowealth,isvirtuallynothing.大学本科成绩与商业成功(最常见的致富之路)之间的相关性几乎为零。”确定C选项‘好的成绩并不一定意味着商业上的成功。’正确。

3.推理判断题。题干询问‘下列哪一项最能描述美国人对待好成绩的态度?’。根据文章最后一段中第一句“TheresultisacertainmodestyaboutgoodgradesinAmericaamongthosewhogetthem.结果是，在美国取得好成绩的人对自己的成绩多少有些谦虚。”确定C选项‘好成绩不太重要。’正确。

4.词汇题。题干询问‘第3段下划线的grade-grubber”一词可能是指…’。根据文章最后一段的第二句‘Astudent’sparentsmaybragabouthismarks,butseldomwillthestudenthimselfriskbeingbrandeda“grade-grubber”bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess.学生的父母可能会吹嘘他的成绩，但很少会因为过分关注他的学业成绩而给自己贴上“grade-grubber”的标签。’这句话中的方式状语“bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess通过高度重视自己的学术成就”就是该词的解释，所以C选项‘一个痴迷于取得好成绩的学生’正确。

5.主旨大意题。题干询问‘这篇文章最好的题目是什么?’。在文章开头作者提出问题“Areundergraduategradesimportant?"，之后从多个方面论证了大学成绩并不是那么重要，高分不能代表财富和成功。所以用这一句话作为标题很恰当合适，A选项正确。

19.单选题

（

）theaccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

问题1选项

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】句意:要不是这个事故，他们会更早地到达。

考查短语辨析。exceptfor除了……以外;butfor要不是;besides此外，而且;savefor除…之外。句子后半句“theywouldhavearrivedearlier”为对过去的虚拟,那次推测空格处应该表示“要不是”。

20.翻译题

体育的目的在于追求人类身心全面发展，并在此基础上促进社会的进步和发展。现代奥林匹克运动的创始人顾拜旦（PieeredeCoubertin）认为体育是全人类的一项伟大事业。他将奥林匹克运动的目标设定为促进不同国家、不同文化之间的相互理解，从而促进和维护和平，推进人类文明。

【答案】Thepurposeofsportsistopursuetheall-rounddevelopmentofhumanbodyandmind,andonthisbasistopromotetheprogressanddevelopmentofsociety.ThefounderofthemodernOlympicGames,PieeredeCoubertin,believedthatsportswasagreatcauseforallmankind.HesetthegoaloftheOlympicGamesaspromotingmutualunderstandingbetweendifferentcountriesandcultures,therebypromotingandmaintainingpeace,andfacilitatinghumancivilization.

21.单选题

V.Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.Trianwasabletowinthepublicendorsementofsignificantproxyadvisoryfirms(suchasGlass-LewisandISS),whileDuPontsecuredsupportofsignificantinstitutionalinvestors(suchasCALPERS).Whenthedustfinallysettled,theincumbentshadekedoutvictoriesonallfourchallengedseats.Butthemarginwasuncomfortablysmall,withthesplitlargelyseparatingself-identified“longterm”investors(includingindexfundssuchasVanguard,BlackRockandStateStreet)from“shortterm”investors(whichincludedbothactivisthedgefundsandasizableportionofretailinvestors—estimatedtocontrolaroundthirtypercentoftheshares).

ThegovernancekerfuffleatDuPont,andtherhetoricalfisticuffsitprecipitated,helpsmotivatethispaper:Indeed,whileDuPontisacompellingcasestudyinitsownright,itisalsoemblematicofagrowingrecenttrendofshareholderactivism—onethathasattractedanincreasinglyperferviddebatewithinthecorporatelawandfinancecommunityaroundcontemporaryactivism’smerits.ThereislittledoubtthatactivismhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwithamongU.S.issuers.ThelastfifteenyearsbearwitnesstoadiscernibleescalationofproxyfightssimilartoDuPont’s.Moreover,evenasthenumberofproxychallengershasescalated,theyhaveenjoyedgreatersuccess:dissidentsnowgainsomemeasureofvictory(throughsettlementoroutrightvictory)inovertwo-thirdsofthechallengestheylaunch.

Theburgeoningsuccessofproxyfightsisarguablyreflectedinthecontemporaneousgrowthofactivisthedgefunds,whichhaveballoonedfromunder$100millioninassetsundermanagementin2000toover$140billiontoday.Whiletheactivismtrendisremarkable,thecacophonousdebatesurroundingitreallystealstheshow.Thecompetingpositionsarebynowwell-troddenterrain.Activists,itisalleged,privilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurable(butlessliquid)investmentsinlongtermvalue,leadingtobusinessdecisionsthatnotonlyforsakelongtermvalueforimmediategain,butdosoinamannerthatsacrificesnetpresentvalue.Andindeed,severalstudiesofhedge-fundengagementsfindthathedgefundactivismsignificantlycurbslong-terminvestmentsinresearchanddevelopment,durableassets,andworkforcecapital.

1.Thefirstsentenceoftheparagraphsisclosestinmeaningwiththefollowingstatement.

2.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingbut___.

3.Thesecondparagraphtellsusthat___.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsaysthat“activistsprivilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurableinvestmentsinlongtermvalue”.Theunderlinedword“privilege”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

问题1选项

A.TheDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersaremasters.

B.VotingshareholdersofalltypesconcernaboutDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengers.

C.Socialmediaandpressreleasescurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.

D.TheDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersheldpressreleases.

问题2选项

A.DuPontwongreatvictory

B.significantinstitutionalinvestorssupportedDuPont

C.significantproxyadvisoryfirmssupportedTrian

D.theauthoristalkingaboutboardelection

问题3选项

A.thegovemanceatDuPonthascomeacrosssomeproblems

B.dissidentsgainovertwo-thirdsoftheseats

C.proxyfightssimilartoDuPont’sstarted15yearsago

D.shareholderactivismisgrowingandhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwith

问题4选项

A.grantedspecialright

B.fightfor

C.favor

D.keepsecret

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段第一句Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.（在2015年上半年，DuPont的在任者和T