考研考博-英语-安阳工学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安阳工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ipreferhisplantoyours,______itismorepracticalandeasiertobecarriedout.

问题1选项

A.forwhich

B.forthat

C.inwhich

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，也更容易实施。inthat是固定搭配，意为“因为”，相当于forthereasonthat,because，可用于引导原因状语从句。其他三项不能引导原因状语从句。因此D选项正确。

2.翻译题

Springdisplaysthenoisy,oftenshallowmoodsofadolescence.Autumnmoodsarethoseofmaturity,deeperandmoreintense.Agravemist-softenedmorningofreflectionisfollowedwithinhoursbyaValkyrieworldofscreamingtwilightwhenelementalwindstearwitheredleavesfrombranches,rockandstriptheshiveringforestandraiserollingmountainsondarkseas.Thewindpassesandthebillowingcloudscondenseintorain,whichfallswithquietpersistence,fillingthehardened,cart-rutsincountrylanes,floodingstreamsoversoddenmeadowsandemulsifyingthefallenleaves.Bluepatcheswidenbetweenthesun-lined,cloudsandsoontheglossybaretwigsarebrilliantinrain-washedsunshine.

【答案】【参考译文】春天散布着嘈杂、浅淡的少年心情，秋天的心境是成熟、深沉而更为强烈的。一个静穆的轻雾缭绕的早晨，几小时之内便会被疾风骤雨的世界所取代，强劲的风吹打着枯枝败叶，震颤着瑟瑟的森林，并使绵亘的山峦在黑色的海面上显露出来。风平浪静之后，惊涛骇浪般奔涌的云凝结成雨，安静而耐心地落下，湿润着乡间小径干硬的车辙，注满了流经草地的小溪，并促使地上的落叶化作泥土。镶着金边的云朵之间，蓝天渐渐开阔，光秃秃的树枝在雨后初晴的阳光中垂挂着晶莹的水滴。

3.单选题

Hedoesnothingthatviolatestheinterestsofthecollective.

问题1选项

A.runsfor

B.runsagainst

C.runsover

D.runsinto

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。violate“违反；侵犯，妨碍”，A选项runfor“竞选；匆匆去取；赶紧去请”；B选项“runagainst撞上；偶遇；违反”；C选项“runover辗过；匆匆看；复查”；D选项“runinto遭遇，陷入；撞到；偶然遇见”。句意：他不做任何违背集体利益的事。根据句中“theinterestsofthecollective集体的利益”可知violate在这里的意思为“违反”，因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Stressfulenvironmentleadstounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which（

）,increasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease.

问题1选项

A.bychance

B.inturn

C.byfortune

D.incase

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有压力的环境导致如不好的饮食习惯这样的不健康的行为，依次增加高血压和心脏病的风险。

短语辨析。Bychance偶然，意外;inturn轮流,依次;byfortune幸运;incase万一,假如.。故B符合句意。

5.单选题

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（无情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

问题2选项

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

问题3选项

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

问题4选项

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

问题5选项

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据题干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威尔先生是铁路公司的一名工程师，由于一名扳道工因negligence而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手）。由此推测negligence意为疏忽，过失。ignorance无知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮丧；经济大萧条。据此可知，C项正确。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手，而非法威尔本人。D项的说法错误。

3.题干问的是法院对火灾案的判决结果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪审团裁决铁路公司负责全部损失，但法院推翻了陪审团的决定，认为铁路公司的疏忽只是直接导致最邻近的建筑物受到损失，因而只对此负责任，而离得较远的房屋的损失则不在赔偿范围）。因此，铁路公司只赔偿最邻近的建筑物受到的损失。

4.根据题干关键词resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公众舆论开始反对铁路公司——反对他们在经济和政治上的权力、高票价以及他们对个人的冷漠无情。据此可知，C选项“经济损失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要讨论的是与铁路公司有关的法律案件。

6.单选题

Government（）theuseofseatbeltsinallcars.

问题1选项

A.prevails

B.provokes

C.mediates

D.mandates

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：政府（）在所有车中使用安全带。

prevail胜过，获胜，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑衅；mediate调解，斡旋，居中；man-date授权，托管，强制。D选项“强制”符合句意。

7.单选题

Thesalesmanapproachedthehousecautiouslywhenhesawtheviciousdogatthedoor.

问题1选项

A.cautious

B.deliberate

C.nervous

D.malicious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句意：当推销员看到门口有一只……狗时，他小心翼翼地走近房子。A选项cautious“谨慎的，小心的”；B选项deliberate“故意的”；C选项nervous“紧张的”；D选项malicious“恶意的，怀恨的”。选项D符合语境。

8.单选题

Thetorchwas（）byafamousathleteattheopeningofthesportmeeting.

问题1选项

A.implement

B.deceive

C.exemplify

D.ignited

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，执行；deceive欺诈,误导；exemplify举例证明；ignite点燃,引发。句意:一位著名的运动员点燃了火炬。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Whatyouhavedoneis（）thedoctor’sorders.

问题1选项

A.attachedto

B.resistantto

C.responsibleto

D.contraryto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项beattachedto“喜爱；附属于；B选项beresistantto“抵抗……的；对……有反抗作用的”；C选项beresponsibleto“对……负责”；D选项becontraryto“相反；与……相反”。句意：你所做的事情违反了医生的嘱咐。根据句中“thedoctor’sorders医生的嘱咐”可知“违反”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Buttheoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarhasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrtienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Alien,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybycoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Para.5)?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Akindofoverlookinequality.

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice.

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

问题2选项

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

问题3选项

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

问题4选项

A.Theyaregettingimpatient.

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

问题5选项

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabtismstillhasalongwaytogo.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.（对于那些尚未意识到这一劣势的人来说，这是指对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母开头的人的歧视）可知A选项“一种被忽视的不公平”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段提出字母排序是一种隐藏的歧视；第二三段举例说明字母排序的歧视，因此D选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙以至于无法识别”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第四段介绍了从入学开始，老师们就按姓氏首字母排序安排学生的座位，很少关注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而经常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他们提问，因此C选项“老师们应该关注所有的学生”符合题意。

4.词义题。由文章最后一段中的Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.（羞辱还在继续。在大学毕业典礼上，ABC们自豪地获得了他们的奖项；等轮到Zysman们的时候，大多数人实际上已经ZZZ了）可在推测等轮到Zysman们领奖时，其他人由于等的时间太长，差不多都会睡着了。ZZZ表示“（拟声）打鼾声”，dozingoff表示“打瞌睡”，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。文章主要介绍了字母排序所带来的歧视，这种歧视是隐蔽的，是无意中导致的，因此D选项“按字母顺序排列可能会导致无意的偏见”符合题意。

11.单选题

Color-blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficultto（）betweenblueandgreen.

问题1选项

A.separate

B.compare

C.contrast

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】词义辨析题。separate分离；compare比较；contrast对比；distinguish辨别。句意：色盲患者经常很难区分蓝色和绿色。选项D正确。

12.单选题

Aknowledgeofhistory（）ustodealwiththevastrangeofproblemsconfrontingthecontemporaryworld.

问题1选项

A.equips

B.provides

C.offers

D.satisfies

【答案】A

【解析】equipsb.使某人做好准备，使具备的能力；providesb.with提供某人某物；offersb.+sth.提供某人某物。satisfysb.withsth.使某人对某物感到满意。句意：历史知识使我们能够处理当代世界面临的各种各样的问题。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Itisreportedthathemeanstoexchangeintoanotherregiment,（）forthepurposeofseparatinghimselffromme.

问题1选项

A.avowingly

B.avowing

C.avowed

D.avowedly

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。avowing“承认，公开宣称”；avowed“公开宣布的”；avowedly“公然地”。空格应该用副词来修饰整个句子。句意：据报道他打算调到另一个政权，目的是公然地和我划清界限。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Lying（）farbackinthemountains,thecoalhadtobehauledfromadeepvalley.

问题1选项

A.asitis

B.asitdid

C.wasis

D.didit

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句用法。“过去分词+asitis(was)”“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”是一种强调语气的表示原因的结构。由于lying为lie的现在分词，故用“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”这个句型，此句相当于：Asitlayfarbackinthemountains...句意：由于煤矿位于深山深处，所以必须从深谷里运来。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Thewordfor“TheDaVinciCode”isarareinvertiblepalindrome.Rotated180degreesonahorizontalaxissothatitisupsidedown,itdenotesthematernalessencethatissometimeslinkedtothesportofsoccer.Readrightsideup,itconciselyconveysthekindofextremeenthusiasmwithwhichthisriddle-filled,code-breaking,exhilaratinglybrainythrillercanberecommended.Thatwordiswow.

TheauthorisDanBrown(anameyouwillwanttoremember).Inthisgleefullyeruditesuspensenovel,Mr.Browntakestheformathehasbeendevelopingthroughthreeearliernovelsandfine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection.NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.Considerthenewbook’sprologue,setintheGrandGalleryoftheLouvre.(Thisisthekindofbookthatnoticesthatthisonegallery’slengthisthreetimesthatoftheWashingtonMonument).IembroilsaCaravaggio,analbinomonkandacuratorinafighttothedeath.That’ssceneleavinglittledoubtthattheauthorknowshowtopiqueinterest,asthecurator,JacquesSauniere,fightsforhislife.

Desperatelyseizingthepaintinginordertoactivatethemuseum’salarmsystem,Saunieresucceedsinbuyingsometime.Andheusesthesestolenmoments?Whicharehislast?Totakeoffhisclothes,drawacircleandarrangehimselflikethefigureinLeonardo’smostfamousdrawing,“TheVitruvianMan."AndtoleavebehindananagramandFibonacci’sfamousnumericalseriesasclues.

Whateverthisisabout,itisenoughtosummonLangdon,whobynow,heblushestorecall,hasbeendescribedinanadoringmagazinearticleas“HarrisonFordinHarristweed.”Langdon’slatestmanuscript,which“proposedsomeveryunconventionalinterpretationsofestablishedreligiousiconographywhichwouldcertainlybecontroversial,”isdefinitelygermane.

AlsosoononthesceneisthecryptologistSophieNeveu,achipofftheauthor’searlierprototypes:“Unlikethecookie-cutterblondesthatadornedHarvarddormroomwalls,thiswomanwashealthywithanunembellishedbeautyandgenuinenessthatradiatedastrikingpersonalconfidence.”EvenifhehadnotcontrivedthisentirestoryasahuntfortheLostSacredFeminineessence,womeninparticularwouldloveMr.Brown.

Thebookmovesatabreakneckpace,withtheauthorseemingthoroughlytoenjoyhiscontrivances.Virtuallyeverychapterendswithacliffhanger:noteasy,consideringtheamountofplainoldtalkingthatgetsdone.AndSophieandLangdonaresentontherun,thebettertochumupathrilleratmosphere.Totheircredit,theyevadetheirpursuersasingeniouslyastheydomosteverythingelse.

Whenbeingfollowedviaaglobalpositioningsystem,forinstance,itissmarttosendthesensorflyingouta40-footwindowandleadpursuerstothinkyouhavedonethesame.Somehowthebookmanagestoreconcilesuchderring-dowithremarkslike,“Anddidyouknowthatifyoudividethenumberoffemalebeesbythenumberofmalebeesinanybeehiveintheworld,youalwaysgetthesamenumber?”

“TheDaVinciCode”isbreezyenougheventomakefunofitscharacters’owncleverness.AtonepointLangdonisaskedbyhishostwhetherhehashiddenasought-aftertreasurecarefullyenough.“Actually,Langdonsays,unabletohidehisgrin,“thatdependsonhowoftenyoudustunderyourcouch.”

Whydoestheauthorusetheword“wow”todescribethenovelTheDaVinciCode?

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatHarryPotterisallthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThemajorfactorthatcontributestothesuccessofTheDaVinciCodeis（

）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“TheDaVinceCode”is（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becausethewordreadsthesamebackwards.

B.Becauseitisalsolinkedtothesportoffootball.

C.Becausethenovelisimbuedwithperplexingenigmasandsmartlywrought.

D.Becausethenovelisabestseller.

问题2选项

A.DanBrown,authorof“TheDaVinciCode”haspublishedsofarfournovels

B.TheDaVinciCodebeginswithamysteriousmurdercaseintheGalleryofLouvre.

C.Inhisearliernovels,DanBrownhascreatedcharacterslikeSophieNeveu.

D.TheDaVinciCodewinsthepopularityamongwomenbecauseDanBrownisaferventfeminist.

问题3选项

A.Itisalsoabestselleraroundtheworld

B.Itattractsreaderswithheart-throbbingsuspense

C.Itischaracterizedbyhoaxandunreliableplots

D.Ithasachievedimmensepopularitywithreaders

问题4选项

A.theengrossingprologue

B.thedepictionofthefemaleprotagonistSophieNeveu

C.thebreakneckpaceandacliffhangerattheendofalmosteverychapter

D.thecolorfuldescriptionoftheclevernessofthecharacters

问题5选项

A.critical

B.indifferent

C.affirmative

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题目问的是“作者为什么要用‘wow’这个词来描述《达芬奇密码》？”文章第一段倒数第二句话提到“这部小说简明地传递出一种极大的热情，充满谜语、密码破译以及令人兴奋的惊险小说，值得推荐”（Readrightsideup,itconciselyconveysthekindofextremeenthusiasmwithwhichthisriddle-filled,code-breaking,exhilaratinglybrainythrillercanberecommended），而wow可以作为感叹词，表示极大的惊奇或钦佩，选项C“因为这部小说充满令人费解的谜且写法巧妙”符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知以下哪个描述是错误的？”文章中并没有提及这部小说的作者是一个女权主义者，因此，选项D“《达芬奇密码》非常受女性欢迎，是因为作者是一位热情的女权主义者”符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“下列关于哈利波特的描述哪个是错误的？”文章第二段提到“自从《哈利•波特》面世以来，没有一个作者能够如此明目张胆地引导读者到喘不过气地追赶上”（NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops），因此选项C“以恶作剧和不可信的内容为特色”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“《达芬奇密码》成功的主要原因是什么？”文章第二段提到自从《哈利•波特》面世以来，没有一个作者能够如此明目张胆地引导读者到喘不过气的追赶上”（NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops），由此可知哈利•波特这部小说情节发展很快；文章倒数第三段提到“这部书几乎每张都有一个吊人胃口的结局”（Virtuallyeverychapterendswithacliffhanger），由此可知选项C“迅速发展的情节和吊人胃口的结尾”符合题意。

第5题:观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对《达芬奇密码》的观点是什么？”文章最后一段第一句话提到“《达芬奇密码》足够自信甚至去打趣人物自己的聪明”（“TheDaVinciCode”isbreezyenougheventomakefunofitscharacters’owncleverness），选项C“肯定的”符合题意。

16.单选题

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

问题1选项

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reflections反映；反响B.demonstrations示范；展示

C.illuminations启发；阐释D.reproductions复制；复制品

【考查点】近义词辨析。

【解题思路】句中mirror在这里表示反映的意思，that引导一个定语从句修饰novel，在这里表示尝试反映世界的小说。空格后接of，of短语做后置定语。主句为novelsare+空格处名词。空格处应该填一个与mirror相似的单词，表示反映的意思。A选项reflection符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项demonstration表示清楚细致地展示；

C选项illumination指某物能够被理解；

D选项reproduction表示复制出与原物相似的物品。

【句意】许多试图反映世界的小说实际上反映了它们所代表的现实。

17.单选题

Researchmarchesonward,butwe’restill（

）somethingassimpleastheflu.

问题1选项

A.inthecourseof

B.withtheexceptionof

C.onthebrinkof

D.atthemercyof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。inthecourseof“在…过程中”；withtheexceptionof“除...之外”；onthebrinkof“在……的边缘”；atthemercyof“任凭……摆布”。

句意为：研究不曾止步，而我们对类似流感这般简单的疾病仍然难以控制。选项D符合句意。

18.单选题

Heisvery（）ofhisconductandpromisenevertobehavelikethatagain.

问题1选项

A.sorry

B.miserable

C.ashamed

D.guilty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sorry“遗憾的；对不起的”；B选项miserable“悲惨的；痛苦的”；C选项ashamed“羞愧的；惭愧的”；D选项guilty“内疚的”。句意：他对自己的行为非常……，并保证再也不那样做了。由promisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.（保证再也不会那样做了。）可知他对自己的行为表示羞愧，可知C选项正确。因此答案为C选项。

19.单选题

Thefireman（）thebabyandcarriedhimoutoftheburninghouse.

问题1选项

A.caughtup

B.seizedup

C.snatchedup

D.heldup

【答案】C

【解析】catchup赶上；seizeup中止，失灵；snatchup夺取，抓起；holdup举起，阻挡。句意：消防队员一把抓起孩子，把他从着火的房子里抱了出来。选项C符合语境。

20.不定项选择题

Whileit’swidelyacceptedthatdrinkingtoomuchisbadforyou,conventionalwisdom—andthegovernment’sdietaryguidelines—saythatalcoholcanbeconsumedinmoderation.TheUSgovernmentdefinesthatasonedrinkadayforwomenandtwoformen.Thisstudy,publishedintheBMJonTuesday,findsthatdrinkingaroundtheselevels—8to12drinksaweek—isassociatedwithafewmeasuresofcognitivedeclinethatshoweduponbrainscans.

Researchersbrought550LondonerstoOxfordandranthemthroughanMRImachine.Buttheseweren’tjustanyLondoners—theyweregovernmentemployeeswho,abouteveryfiveyearssince1985,hadbeenfillingoutsurveysabouttheirhealthregimens,includinghowmuchalcoholtheyconsumed.Thisenabledtheresearcherstolookforrelationshipsbetweentheindividuals’drinkinghabitsandwhatshowedupontheirbrainscans.

Theresearchersfoundthatmoderatedrinkingoverthose30-plusyearswasassociatedwithdegenerationandshrinkingofthehippocampus,aregionofthebraininvolvedinmemoryandnavigation,anddegenerationofthebrain’swhitematter.Consumingonemorealcoholicdrinkperweekwasassociatedwitha0.01percentdecreaseinthesizeofthehippocampus.Forcomparison,agingoneyearisassociatedwitha0.02percentdecrease.

ThestudyonlylookedatafewhundredLondoners,mostlywell-educatedandmiddle-class,soitmaynotberepresentativeofawiderpopulation.Topiwala,apsychiatryprofessorattheUniversityofOxford,pointedouttheremighthavebeen“selectionbias”inthesample—individualshadtogetfromLondontoOxfordinordertoundergotheMRIscansandthenspendanhourinabrainscanningmachineandundergoothermemorytests—whichindividualswhowerealcoholdependentorhadsufferedbraindamagefromalcoholusemightbelesslikelytodo.

Inanaccompanyingeditorial,KillianWelch,aneuropsychiatristatahospitalinScotland,wrotethatthestudymightchangewhatwethinkconstitutesahealthylevelofdrinking.“Thefindingsstrengthentheargumentthatdrinkinghabitsmanyregardasnormalhaveadverseconsequencesforhealth,”Welchwrote.Thisisimportant.Wealluserationalizationstojustifypersistencewithbehaviorsnotinourlong-terminterest.Withthepublicationofthispaper,justificationofmoderate’drinkingonthegroundsofbrainhealthbecomesalittleharder.

48.TheUSgovernmentwouldprobablyagreethat________.

49.Thesubjectsoftheresearch________.

50.AccordingtoParagraph3,hippocampus________.

51.Thestudyisquestioned,because________.

52.WhatcanweinferfromWelch’scommentary?

53.Thispassagecouldbebesttitled________.

问题1选项

A.8to12drinksaweekisanacceptablelevel

B.dietaryguidelinesshouldbemodified

C.moderatedrinkingcanleadtobraindamage

D.thefindingsoftheBMJstudyhavebeenconfirmed

问题2选项

A.donotliveinLondonpermanently

B.regularlyreportedtheirdrinkinghabits

C.wereskepticaloftheMRIresults

D.believedinthenegativeeffectofdrinkingonhealth

问题3选项

A.coordinatesbrainfunctions

B.remainsstableinsizewithoutdrinking

C.getssmallerwhenpeopledrinkmore

D.resultsintheshrinkingofthewhitematter

问题4选项

A.thesubjectsareunderstresswhentakingMRI

B.thesamplingprocessisnotscientificenough

C.thememorytestsarenotfromauthoritativesources

D.thealcoholicsarelikelytosufferbraindamage

问题5选项

A.Ahealthylevelofdrinkingisimportant.

B.Brainhealthwillimproveifdrinkingisonlymoderate.

C.Evenmoderatedrinkingisharmfultohealth.

D.Thesalesofalcoholwilldecreaseafterthispublication.

问题6选项

A.DrinkingHabitsShouldBeAbandoned

B.ModerateDrinkingCouldCauseBrainDecline

C.GovernmentalGuidelinesShouldBeFollowed

D.AgingProcessAffectstheSizeofHippocampus

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

【解析】48.【选项释义】

TheUSgovernmentwouldprobablyagreethat________.美国政府可能会同意________。

A.8to12drinksaweekisanacceptablelevelA.每周喝八至十二杯是一个可接受的水平

B.dietaryguidelinesshouldbemodifiedB.饮食指南应该被修改

C.moderatedrinkingcanleadtobraindamageC.适度饮酒会导致脑损伤

D.thefindingsoftheBMJstudyhavebeenconfirmedD.BMJ的研究结果已被证实

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词USgovernment可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句“尽管人们普遍认为饮酒过量对身体有害，但传统观点和政府的饮食指南（government’sdietaryguidelines）都认为，饮酒可以适度（inmoderation）。美国政府（TheUSgovernment）将其定义为女性每天一杯，男性每天两杯。”，说明美国政府对于饮酒习惯的态度是饮酒可以适度，并且定义了适度饮酒的范围，即女性每天一杯，男性每天两杯，每周八至十二杯属于该范围之内。因此A选项“每周喝八至十二杯是一个可接受的水平”正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“饮食指南应该被修改”在文章中没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“适度饮酒会导致脑损伤”，文章中说的是人们认为饮酒过量对身体有害，但适度饮酒是可以接受的，属于反向干扰；

D选项“BMJ的研究结果已被证实”，文章中只提到BMJ的研究显示饮酒和大脑认知能力下降指标有关，没有说研究结果已被证实，属于推理过度。

49.【选项释义】

Thesubjectsoftheresearch________.该研究的对象________。

A.donotliveinLondonpermanentlyA.并非长期居住在伦敦

B.regularlyreportedtheirdrinkinghabitsB.定期报告他们的饮酒习惯

C.wereskepticaloftheMRIresultsC.对磁共振成像的结果持怀疑态度

D.believedinthenegativeeffectofdrinkingonhealthD.相信喝酒对健康有负面影响

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词subjects可以定位到文章第二段，本段中说到“自1985年以来，每五年（everyfiveyears）填写一次关于他们健康养生的调查，包括他们的饮酒量。”，说明被研究的对象需要每五年报告他们的饮酒习惯。因此B选项“定期报告他们的饮酒习惯”正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“并非长期居住在伦敦”，由“研究人员将550名伦敦人（Londoners）带到牛津，并对他们进行了核磁共振成像。”可知，被研究的对象是长期居住在伦敦的，属于反向干扰；

C选项“对磁共振成像的结果持怀疑态度”和D选项“相信喝酒对健康有负面影响”在文章中没有提及，属于无中生有。

50.【选项释义】

AccordingtoParagraph3,hippocampus________.根据第三段，海马体________。

A.coordinatesbrainfunctionsA.协调大脑功能

B.remainsstableinsizewithoutdrinkingB.在不喝酒的情况下保持稳定的大小

C.getssmallerwhenpeopledrinkmoreC.在人们喝多了的时候就会变小

D.resultsintheshrinkingofthewhitematterD.导致白质的萎缩

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词hippocampus可以定位到文章第三段第二句“每周多喝一杯酒（Consumingonemorealcoholicdrink），海马体的大小就会减少（decrease）0.01%。”，说明每周多摄入一杯酒精饮料海马体就会变小0.01%，也就是说海马体的大小和饮酒量有关。因此C选项“在人们喝多了的时候就会变小”正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“协调大脑功能”，文章中提到海马体是大脑中与记忆和导航有关的区域，没有提及协调大脑功能的作用，属于无中生有；

B选项“在不喝酒的情况下保持稳定的大小”，由“每衰老一年就会减小0.02%”可知，在不喝酒的情况下，正常的年龄增长也会使海马体变小，属于反向干扰；

D选项“导致白质的萎缩”，文章中说的是饮酒导致白质的萎缩，而不是海马体，属于张冠李戴。

51.【选项释义】

Thestudyisquestioned,because________.该研究受到了质疑，因为________。

A.thesubjectsareunderstresswhentakingMRIA.受试者在接受核磁共振成像时处于紧张状态

B.thesamplingprocessisnotscientificenoughB.抽样过程不够科学

C.thememorytestsarenotfromauthoritativesourcesC.记忆测试的来源不具有权威性

D.thealcoholicsarelikelytosufferbraindamageD.酗酒者可能遭受脑损伤

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词questioned可以定位到文章第四段，本段中说到“牛津大学精神病学教授托皮瓦拉指出，样本中可能存在‘选择偏差（selectionbias）’——他们必须从伦敦到牛津