考研考博-英语-安徽财经大学商学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽财经大学商学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

ThefieldofsociologyintheUnitedStatesdevelopedasaresultofasocialexperiencewhichhadverylittletodowiththepoliticalandideologicalcontroversiesthatstimulatedsociologyinFranceandGermany.Rather,thedisciplineevolvedasaresultoftheexperiencesassociatedwiththeproblemsofanimmigrantsocietycaughtintheturmoilofrapidindustrializationandurbangrowth.Indeed,itmustbeemphasizedthatfromitsbeginning,sociologyhashadaverypracticalinterest,whichwascharacterizedlessbypoliticaldivisivenessthanbysocialreformandsocialwork.Thispracticalemphasisinthedisciplinehascontinuedtopersisttothepresent.IthasonlybeensinceWorldWarⅡ，however,thattherehasexistedsomethinginAmericanhighereducationthatcouldbeproperlytermeda“sociologicalestablishment”orahighlyrespectedacademicfieldofstudy.Itsmajorstrengthasanacademicdisciplineresultedfromitsempiricalandsophisticatedapproachtotheidentificationandsolutionofpracticalbuthighlysignificantsocialproblems.

Today，whatdoestheacademicsociologistdo?Professionalsociologistsareindividualswhostudyandteachaboutsocieties，socialinstitutions，andthepatternsofhumaninteractionandhumanbehavior.Asascientificdiscipline，sociologymaybedividedintothreebroad,analyticalfields:thestudyofgroups;institutionsanalysis;andthestudyofthesocialstructureingeneral.Thus,thecontentoftherapidlyexpandingdisciplineofsociologyisbaseduponcultureandsociety，withemphasisplaceduponthestudyofthevarioustypesofinteractionandrelationshipswhichexistamongindividualsandhumangroups.Inthestudyofsuchareasassocialorganizationanddisorganization,sociologistsattemptedtoexplaintheevolutionandchangeofsocialinstitutionsandthechangingnatureofhumanattitudinalandvaluesystems.Amongtheselectedtopicsofinvestigationincludedwithinthestudyofsociologyarethechangingnatureoffamilylife，institutionallife,sexualattitudes,crimeandviolence，religiousvalues,andtheentiregamutofinterpersonalrelationshipsinpoliticsandgovernment.Indeed，manyoftheareaswhichprofessionalsociologistsstudyare,bytheirverynature,relativelyfamiliartomanyofuseventhoughtheyarenotclearlyunderstood.Thebasichypothesesofthediscipline—thatsociallife(bothgroupandindividualbehavior)ispatterned；thatvalueandattitudesarelearned,reinforced,andshared;thatweasindividualsare,inmanyrespects，whatothersconsiderustobe—areideaswhichmostpeoplenowinstinctivelyacceptinordertoliveandfunctionasmembersofsociety.Thesetopics,whichemphasizeindividualandgroupbehaviorprocesses,then,compriseareasofconcernforsociologyasoneofthebehaviorsciencedisciplines.

DuringtheselastdecadesofthetwentiethcenturyadvancedWesternsocietywillcontinuetobeconfrontedwithcrucialsocialissuesinthecontextofbothindividualandgroupbehaviorpatternsresultingfromcontinuedrapidtechnologicalexpansion.Thesolutiontotheproblemplaguingourcomplexsocietywillbecome，toamuchgreaterextent,theprimaryresponsibilityofsociology,socialpsychology,andculturalanthropology,thethreemajoracademicdisciplinescomprisingthebehavioralsciences.Thistrendisbeingwitnessedcurrentlybytheincreasingnumbersofbehavioralscientiststhatarebeingemployedbygovernment,bybusinessandindustry,byhospitalsandotheragenciesdevotedtoproblemsofhealthcare,bywelfareagencies,bypubliceducationalsystems,andbymanyothertypesoforganizationsinwhichsomesystematicknowledgeofhumanbehaviorisrequired.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsociologywouldtheauthorbemostlikelytodisagreewith?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatsocialpsychologyandculturalanthropology_________.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagreewith?

5.Theword“empirical”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_________.

问题1选项

A.distinguishsociologyintheUnitedStatesfromsociologyinFranceandGermany

B.comparesociologywithsocialpsychologyandculturalanthropology

C.provideageneraldiscussionofmodernWesternsociologyanditssignificance

D.showthatsociologyisthestudyofsocialinstitutions

问题2选项

A.Mostsociologistsareinterestedintheoreticalratherthanpracticalquestions.

B.Thereisadiscernablestructuretoeveryone’sbehavior.

C.Humanbehaviorcanbesystematicallystudied.

D.One’sself-imageisnotencodedgenetically.

问题3选项

A.aresubareasofsociology

B.areothernamesforsociology

C.willachievetheacademicrespectabilityofsociology

D.maybeconsultedforsolutionstosociologyproblems

问题4选项

A.Sociologytheoryisrarelybasedonempiricalevidence.

B.Theproblemsfacingsociologistsdonotchangeastimeschange.

C.Theproblemsofimmigrantsinanewculturestimulatesociologicalresearch.

D.Therearefactorsininterpersonalrelationshipsthatarenotofintereststothesociologist.

问题5选项

A.“relatingtoexperienceandobservation”

B.“relatingtobehaviorandmanner”

C.“concerningacademy”

D.“relyingoneducation”

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨题。根据全文可知，第一段讲到了说美国社会学发展的重要性，第二段讲到了社会学的领域和内容，最后讲到了社会学在解决复杂的社会问题中的重要性。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Thispracticalemphasisinthedisciplinehascontinuedtopersisttothepresent.”，这门学科强调实践的特点一直延续至今。所以社会学是注重实践的。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“…toamuchgreaterextent,theprimaryresponsibilityofsociology,socialpsychology,andculturalanthropology,thethreemajoracademicdisciplinescomprisingthebehavioralsciences.”，可知在更大程度上，解决我们的复杂社会更多麻烦的问题，将成为社会学、社会心理学和文化人类学的主要责任。可推断出社会心理学和文化人类学是可以用于解决社会问题的。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“…thedisciplineevolvedasaresultoftheexperiencesassociatedwiththeproblemsofanimmigrantsocietycaughtintheturmoilofrapidindustrializationandurbangrowth.”，可知，社会学学科的发展是社会经历发展的结果，这种经历伴随着移民社会的诸多问题：快速工业化和城市扩张引起的骚乱。可推断出新文化中的移民问题激发了社会学研究。选项C符合题意。

5.词义题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“Itsmajorstrengthasanacademicdisciplineresultedfromitsempiricalandsophisticatedapproachtotheidentificationandsolutionofpracticalbuthighlysignificantsocialproblems.”，可知作为一个学科，它的主要优势来源于对于识别和解决实际的且相当重要的社会问题的完全依据经验的和老练的方法。所以是用富有经验和老练的方法解决社会问题。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Outsidemyofficewindowthereisafire（

）ontheright.

问题1选项

A.escape

B.ladder

C.steps

D.stairs

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我办公室的窗外右侧有一个安全出口。

固定搭配。四个选项中常与fire搭配使用的是escape;fireescape意为“防火安全楼梯，安全出口”。

3.单选题

SomeofmyclassmatesinthesamedormestablishedachattinggroupontheNetwhenbroadbandwasavailableoncampus.Theneveryonefacedtheirownlaptopsandtalkedtoeachotherbysendingmessagesinthechattinggroupinthesameroom.Theirdormwassilentthewholenight.Theonlysoundcamefromtappingthekeyboard.Beforetheywenttobedthatnight,allofthemsighedandsaid,“that’sridiculous.”

InformationTechnologybringsaboutrevolutionarychangestohumancommunication.TheInternetmakestheworldglobalvillage;thatistosay,wecangetintouchwitheachotherswiftlyregardlessofone’slocation.However,doestheconvenienceincommunicationmeanthatweareactuallygettingcloser?Idon’tthinkso.Astheanecdoteaboveshows,accesstobroadbandmademyfellowclassmatesfallinsilence.TheCambridgeInternationalDictionarydefines“communication”as“variousmethodsofsendinginformationbetweenpeopleandplaces.”whileitdefines“communicate”as“tobeabletounderstandeachotherandhaveasatisfactoryrelationship.”Therefore.TheboomingofITinmodernsocietyisonlytheboomingofcommunication.Exchangingideasandmutualunderstandingbetweenpeopledonotbaseonsuchbooming.Onthecontrary,duetotherevolutionarychanges,we’regettingfartherfromeachothertosomeextent.

Mutualunderstandingisbasedonexpression.However,expressiondoesn’tnecessarilyleadtosoultouchingcommunicationandunderstanding.Whenwewafflewithamereacquaintance,wenormallyconcealourtruefeelings.Thus,wedon’testablishcommunicationwithhim,becausewedonotneedhimtounderstandus.Theeraofcyberspacefurtherdemonstratessuchseparationofformandcontent.

TheInternetgivesusnearlyabsolutefreedomtospeakandexpressourselves.Withtheprosperityofblog,thereare,accordingtorecentstatistics,about400,000bloggersinChinatoday.BloggersexpressthemselvesontheNetattheirwill,whileothersreadtheirblogandgivecommentsonceforawhile.Itseemsthatblogcanmakeustouchuponthebloggers’insideworld,andmakeusknowthembetter.However,thingsarenotalwaysthatperfect.

Manynetizensareabusingtheirrightoffreeexpression.OnceyouopentheExplorerandbrowseawebsite,trashinformationaboutsexandviolencehitsoureyes.PeoplescoldandflirtinthechatroomandBulletinBoardSystem(BBS).Whenblogcomesintobeing,netizenseventransfersuchvulgarityintotheirpersonalspaces,andshowittothepublic.

IntheeraoftheInformationTechnologyboom,thefarthestdistanceonearthisnolongerthepolardistance.Thenegativeimpactsbroughtaboutbycyberspacehaveimposedanunfilledgulfbetweensouls.Sincewecannotcommunicatetoeachotherlikebefore,thedistancebetweenpeople’sheartshasbecomethefarthestdistanceonearth.

1.Themostridiculouspartoftheanecdoteisthat（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,InformationTechnology（）.

3.TheauthorbelievesthattheboomingofITinmodernsociety（）.

4.Theprosperityofblogdoesnothelpustotoucheachotherbecause（）.

5.TheauthorbelievesthatintheeraoftheInformationTechnologyboomthedistancebetweenpeople’sheartshasbecomethefarthestdistanceonearthbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.therewasadeadsilenceinthedormroomthewholenight

B.theonlysoundcamefromtappingthekeyboard

C.thoselivinginthesameroomcommunicatedbysendingmessagesviatheNet

D.theyallfacedtheirownlaptops

问题2选项

A.bringspeopleclosertoeachother

B.resultsinsilenceamongherfellowclassmates

C.enablesustoreachanyoneswiftly

D.helpstomaketheworldaglobalvillage

问题3选项

A.encouragestheexchangeofideasandthemutualunderstandingbetweenpeople

B.leadstosoultouchingcommunicationandunderstanding

C.helpstoestablishasatisfactoryrelationship

D.resultsinfurtherseparationbetweenpeople

问题4选项

A.manypeopleabusetheirrightoffreeexpressionontheNet

B.vulgarityhasbeentransferredintobloggers’personalspaces

C.bloggersexpressthemselvesontheNetattheirwill

D.anyoneisabletoreadblogandgivecomments

问题5选项

A.thereisalwaysasilence

B.peoplearenotabletocommunicatetoeachotherlikebefore

C.theInternetgivesusnearlyabsolutefreedomtoexpressourselves

D.peoplecanscoldandflirtinthechatroomatwill

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，这个轶事最荒谬的是：大家待在同一个宿舍里，却通过网络发送信息进行交流。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第二段的第二句“TheInternetmakestheworldglobalvillage;thatistosay,wecangetintouchwitheachotherswiftlyregardlessofone’slocation.”互联网使世界成为地球村；也就是说，我们可以很快地联系到对方，不管对方在哪里。选项C符合原文。

3.根据第二段最后一句“Onthecontrary,duetotherevolutionarychanges,we’regettingfartherfromeachothertosomeextent.”信息技术使我们彼此在某种程度上越来越疏远。选项D符合原文。

4.根据倒数第二段第一句“Manynetizensareabusingtheirrightoffreeexpression.”许多网民滥用他们的言语自由权。选项A符合原文。

5.根据最后一段最后一句“Sincewecannotcommunicatetoeachotherlikebefore,thedistancebetweenpeople’sheartshasbecomethefarthestdistanceonearth.”由于我们不能像以前那样互相交流，人与人之间的心的距离已经成为地球上最远的距离。选项B符合原文。

4.单选题

Field-based,sociallycomplexeducationprogramcallforadifferentframeworkandmethodologyforevidencegathering,（）therigorinthe“science”ofinvestigativeprocessesmustbeevaluatedwithadifferentsetofcriteria（）aretraditionallyemployedwithRCTsorquasi-experiment.

问题1选项

A.X...X

B.that...that

C.where...than

D.which...which

【答案】D

【解析】根据题意，第一个空格为非限制定语从句，选项A和B可排除。又因为第二个空也是定语从句，先行词为criteria，所以空格中需填入关系代词在定语从句中充当主语。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir（）.

问题1选项

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】句意:逃跑的小偷后面紧跟着当地的警察。

考查固定搭配。on（at）one'sheels紧跟某人后面。

6.填空题

Thesubjectoffood,likealltopicsinwhichthehumanracehasalargeandinescapableinterest,issomethingbutasimplepieceofbusiness.Cookingandeatinggiverisetoagreatmanyhorrortalesandstrangebehavior.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bsomethingbut改为anythingbut

【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】anythingbut意思为“根本不，绝不”，这里指的是食物不是一件简单的事情。

【句意】食物这个话题，就像所有人类有宏大而不可回避的兴趣话题一样，绝不是一件简单的事情。做饭和吃饭引申出许多恐怖故事和怪异行为。

7.单选题

Heisanactorof（）whohasneverabandonedhisprinciplesforthesakeofhisownbenefits.

问题1选项

A.integrity

B.stability

C.scarcity

D.dignity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项integrity“完整，正直，诚实”；B选项stability“稳定性，坚定”；C选项scarcity“不足，缺乏”；D选项dignity“尊严，高贵”。句意“他是一个正直的演员，从不为了自己的利益而放弃自己的原则。”选项A符合语境。

8.单选题

Ifnothingisdonetoprotecttheenvironment,millionsofspeciesthatarealivetodaywillhavebecome（）.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.degenerated

C.suppressed

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项deteriorated“恶化的”；B选项degenerated“退化的”；C选项suppressed“被抑制的”；D选项extinct“灭绝的”。句意：如果不采取措施保护环境，今天存活的数百万物种将会灭绝。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Motivationlevelscan（

）frompersontoperson,soitisimportanttotreateachpatient’spsychologicalproblemseparatelywithsolutionsforeachofthemrespectively.

问题1选项

A.differ

B.vary

C.alter

D.distinguish

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。Differ“使不同”；vary“使多样化”；alter“改变，更改；distinguish“区分，辨别。句意：动机水平因人而异，因此，重要的是要分别对待每个病人的心理问题，并针对每个问题提出相应的解决方案。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.

问题1选项

A.notthelowtemperatures

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。这是个强调句，题目强调的是highhumidity，并且需填入的部分与thehighhumidity是并列成分，根据句意‘使伦敦的冬季如此之冷的是高湿度而不是低气温’确定A选项正确。

11.单选题

Thegentleman______acherubwithhisletter.

问题1选项

A.combined

B.included

C.kept

D.enclosed

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项combined“结合”；B选项included“包括”；C选项kept“保留”；D选项enclosed“随函（或包裹等）附上”。句意：那位先生在信中______一个小天使。根据语境，这里指在信中附加一个小天使，D选项enclosed“随函（或包裹等）附上”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

12.翻译题

ArecentadvertisementforGoogleChromeshowedaseriesofimportanteventsinachild’slife,eachonebelongingtoadifferentparttheInternet—thefirststepsonYouTube;birthdaye-mails;Facebookphotosofteenageparties.Themessagewasclear:alifecannowbefullyexpressedthroughtheInternet.

This,ofcourse,hasasignificanteffectonhowwerememberthings.Online,majoreventsandexperiencescanbereadabout—andwithvideo,watched—againandagain.ComputersandtheInternet,ratherthanofferingsomethingnew,combineallourtechnologicalmeansofartificialmemory—text,soundandimage—tocreateasynthesisthatcanrecallmemoriesmoreintenselythananythingbefore.

【答案】谷歌浏览器的最新广告展示了一个孩子生活中的一系列重大事件，每件事都关乎互联网的方方面面——YouTube上，孩子学会走路后迈出第一步的视频；邮件中的电子生日贺卡，Facebook上年轻人聚会的照片。这一切所传达出的信息显而易见：生活完全可以在互联网上全部展现。

毫无疑问，这对我们的记忆方式产生了重大的影响。重要的事件与经历都能在网上以图文或视频的形式反复看到。电脑与互联网并非提供给我们新鲜的事物，而是融合了文字、声音、图像等人工记忆的所有技术手段，共同创造出一种前所未有的，更加强烈地唤起我们记忆的综合体。

13.单选题

Fiber-opticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations（）.

问题1选项

A.homogeneously

B.spontaneously

C.simultaneously

D.ingeniously

【答案】C

【解析】副词词义辨析。homogeneously“同样地”；spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；ingeniously“贤明地，有才能地”。句意：光纤电缆可以同时传输数百个电话通话。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof（

）love.

问题1选项

A.successive

B.consecutive

C.eternal

D.insistent

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项successive“连续的，继承的”；B选项consecutive“连贯的，连续不断的”；C选项eternal“永恒的”；D选项insistent“坚持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因为圆没有起点和终点”，后半句是句子的主干部分，of后面由“love爱”组成所有格结构。这里需要填入一个形容词，表示“永远的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意为：因为圆没有起点和终点，所以婚戒被当作永恒爱情的象征。故正确答案为C。

15.单选题

Allourequipmentmeetsthenationalregulationsand______withEuropeanstandards.

问题1选项

A.accords

B.unifies

C.obeys

D.complies

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项accord“符合，一致”，B项unify“整合，联合，统一”，C项obey“服从，听从”，D项comply“遵守，顺从”。根据关键词standards（标准）可推测，空格处表示“符合”，accordwith固定用法，表示“同……相符合；与……一致”；A项符合。句意：所有设备均符合国家规定，符合欧洲标准。因此，该题选择A项正确。

16.单选题

TheBuddhistreligiondevelopedfromtheteachingsofShakyamuniBuddha,wholivedfromabout563to483BCEinthepresent-dayregionsofNepalandcentralIndia.Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a“world-conqueringruler”—oraBuddha—a"fullyenlightenedbeing”.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain.Yettheprincewaseventuallyexposedtothesufferingofoldage,sickness,anddeath—theinevitablefateofallmortalbeings.Deeplytroubledbythehumancondition,Siddharthaatagetwenty-nineleftthepalace,hisfamily,andhisinheritancetoliveasanasceticinthewilderness.Aftersixyearsofmeditation,heattainedcompleteenlightenmentnearBodhGaya,India.

Followinghisenlightenment,theBuddha(EnlightenmentOne)gavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath.HereheexpoundedtheFourNobleTruths,whicharethefoundationofBuddhism:(1)lifeissuffering;(2)thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;(3)thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;(4)thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpathofrightview,rightresolve,rightspeech,rightaction,rightlivelihood,righteffort,rightmindfulness,andrightconcentration.AftertheBuddha’sdeathattheageofeighty,hismanydisciplesdevelopedhisteachingsandestablishedtheworld’soldestmonasticinstitutions.

ABuddhaisnotagodbutratheronewhoseestheultimatenatureoftheworldandisthereforenolongersubjecttosamsara,thecycleofbirth,deathandrebirththatotherwiseholdsusinitsgrip,whetherwearebornintotheworldofthegods,humans,animals,torturedspirits,orhellbeings.

TheearlyformofBuddhismknownasTheravadaorHinayana,stressesself-cultivationforthepurposeofattainingnirvana,whichistheextinctionofsamsaraforoneself.TheravadaBuddhismhascontinuedinsouthIndia,SriLanka,andSoutheastAsia.Within500yearsoftheBuddha’sdeath,anotherformofBuddhism,knownasMahayana,becamepopularmainlyinnorthernIndia;iteventuallyflourishedinChina(asChanandVajrayana),andinKorea,Japan(asZen).CompassionforallbeingsisthefoundationofMahayanaBuddhism,whosegoalisnotnirvanaforoneselfbutBuddhahood(Enlightenment)foreverybeingthroughouttheuniverse.MahayanaBuddhismrecognizesBuddhasotherthanShakyamunifromthepast,present,andfuture.OnesuchisMaitreya,thenextBuddhatoappearonEarth.AnotheristheAmitabhaBuddha,theBuddhaofInfiniteLightandInfiniteLife(thatis,incorporatingallspaceandtime),whodwellsinparadiseknownastheWesternPureLand.AmitabhaBuddhabecameparticularlypopularinEastAsia.MahayanaBuddhismalsodevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattvas(thosewhoseessenceiswisdom),saintlybeingswhoareonthebrinkofachievingBuddhahoodbuthavevowedtohelpothersachieveBuddhahoodbeforecrossingoverthemselves.

Inart,bodhisattvasandBuddhasaremostclearlydistinguishedbytheirclothingandadornments:bodhisattvasweartheprincelygarbofIndia,whileBuddhaswearmonks’robes.InHinduism,adeitymaydwellinitsimage,butinBuddhismportrayalsofBuddhasandbodhisattvasarerecognizedaspurelysymbolic,andnospiritisbelievedtoresidewithin.

1.WhichtypeofBuddhismdevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattva,andhowarebodhisattvasdistinguishedfromBuddhasinartisticrepresentations?

2.WhichkindofBuddhismemphasizespersonaldevelopmentforthepurposeofachievingnirvana,andwhatisnirvana?

3.WhydidSiddhartha’sfathershelterhimwhenhewasyoung?

4.WhattypeofBuddhismflourishedhalfamillenniumaftertheBuddha’sdeath,andmainlydevelopedfurthertotheeast;whatwasitsmaingoal?

5.WhatarethefourNobleTruthsandwheredidtheBuddhafirstexpoundthisdoctrine?

问题1选项

A.MahayanaBuddhism,andtheyaredressedlikeIndianprinces.

B.VajrayanaBuddhism,andtheyaredistinguishedbytheyellowhatsandsaffronrobestheywear.

C.ChanBuddhism,andtheycanbeidentifiedinartbytherobesthatcovertheirbodies.

D.TheravadaBuddhism,andtheyareidentifiedbytheprincelygarbofIndiathattheywear.

问题2选项

A.TheravadaBuddhism;theBuddhistequivalentoftheChristianheaven.

B.TheravadaBuddhism;thepersonalextinctionofthecycleofbirth,deathandrebirth.

C.HinayanaBuddhism;theextinctionofsamsara.

D.BothBandC.

问题3选项

A.Hewasafraidthathisson,whowouldonedaysucceedhimasking,mightgetsickanddieifhewereexposedtothedangersofeverydaylife.

B.Hewasworriedthathissonmightbecomegreatandchallengehisreign,andthatiswhyhetriedtodistracthimwithpleasure.

C.Helovedhissonverydeeplyanddidnotwantanypainorsicknesstoaffecthim;hewantedhimtoliveonlyintheperfect“world”thathecreatedforhim.

D.OraclesforetoldthatthebabySiddhartha,whenhegrewup,wouldeitherbeaworldconquerororafullyenlightenedbeing,buthisfatheronlywantedhimtobeanordinarykinglikehimself.

问题4选项

A.MahayanaBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwasBuddhahoodforeverybeingthroughouttheuniverse.

B.ShakyamuniBuddism,anditsmaingoalwastoendsamsaraforeverybodhisattva.

C.ZenBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwastobringthePureLandintothepresentworld.

D.VajrayanaBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwastosharetheBuddha’smessagethroughcreatingpurelysymbolicimagesoftheBuddhathroughpaintingsandsculptures.

问题5选项

A.Lifeissuffering;ignorantpeoplecausesuffering;ignorancecanbeovercome;onecanovercomeignorancebyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachingatBodhGayainIndia.

B.Lifeissuffering;sufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;ignorancecanbeovercomebycarefulstudy;hegavehisfirstteachingtothedeerthatgatheredaroundhimatBodhGayainIndia.

C.Lifeissuffering;thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachinginDeerParkatSamath.

D.Lifeissuffering;ignoranceisthecauseofsuffering;ignorancecanbeovercomebyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。本题有两个问题。第一个是“哪一种佛教扩大了菩萨的范畴”，第四段最后一句说到“MahayanaBuddhismalsodevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattvas…”，由此可知，是大乘佛教“MahayanaBuddhism”扩大了菩萨的范畴；第二个问题，howarebodhisattvasdistinguishedfromBuddhasinartisticrepresentations“菩萨与佛在艺术表现上有何不同”，最后一段第一句正说到了两者在艺术方面的区别“Inart,bodhisattvasandBuddhasaremostclearlydistinguishedbytheirclothingandadornments:bodhisattvasweartheprincelygarbofIndia,whileBuddhaswearmonks’robes”，在艺术上，菩萨和佛最明显的区别是他们的服饰：菩萨穿的是印度的公主服，而佛穿的是僧袍。对比选项可知A选项正确。

第2题:2.事实细节题。本题同样有两个问题。第一个问题“哪种佛教强调个人发展以达到涅槃的目的”，第四段第一句说到“TheearlyformofBuddhism…stressesself-cultivationforthepurposeofattainingnirvana,whichistheextinctionofsamsaraforoneself”，佛教的早期形式（小乘佛教）强调自我修养，以达到涅槃的目的，即不再轮回，因此是小乘佛教强调个人发展达到涅槃；第二个问题“什么是涅槃”，因为涅槃是佛教强调的个人发展目的，因此涅槃与佛有关，第三段中说到“ABuddhaisnotagodbutratheronewhoseestheultimatenatureoftheworldandisthereforenolongersubjecttosamsara,thecycleofbirth,deathandrebirth…”，佛陀不是神，而是一个看到世界终极本质的人，因此不再受制于轮回，也就是生、死和重生的循环，由此可知，涅槃也就是不再受制于生、死和重生的循环。对比选项发现B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.事实细节题。题干中受到父亲庇护的Siddhartha出现在文章第一段“Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a‘world-conqueringruler'—oraBuddha—a‘fullyenlightenedbeing’.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain”，释迦牟尼在出生时，被预言他或将是征服世界的统治者，或将是一个完全开悟的人。他的父亲希望他成为像自己一样的统治者，想让他免受痛苦而努力保护他。对比选项可知D选项正确。

第4题:4.事实细节题。本题又是两个问题。第一个问题“什么样的佛教在佛陀死后500年才兴盛起来，而且主要在东方发展得更远”，第四段第三句说到“Within500yearsoftheBuddha’sdeath,anotherformofBuddhism,knownasMahayana,becamepopularmainlyinnorthernIndia;iteventuallyflourishedinChina(asChanandVajrayana),andinKorea,Japan(asZen)”，佛陀去世后500年内，另一种佛教形式大乘佛教主要在印度北部流行起来；它最终在中国（作为禅宗和藏传佛教）和韩国、日本（作为禅宗）兴盛起来。第二个问题“它的主要目的是什么”，第四段第四句说到“whosegoalisnotnirvanaforoneselfbutBuddhahood(Enlightenment)foreverybeingthroughouttheuniverse”，其目标不是为涅槃，而是为宇宙中的每一个众生成佛（开悟）。对比选项可知A选项正确。

第5题:5.事实细节题。第二段中说到“theBuddha(EnlightenmentOne)gavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath”，佛陀在萨马斯的鹿园里进行了他的第一次教导，阐述了四圣谛的内容：(1)lifeissuffering;(2)thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;(3)thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;(4)thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpath…对比选项可知C选项正确。

17.单选题

16-20

问题1选项

A.Becausehehaddifficultyswallowingit.

B.Becauseitwasupsettinghisstomach.

C.Becausehewasallergictoit.

D.Becauseitwastooexpensive.

问题2选项

A.Hecan’tplaysocceranymore.

B.Hehasaseriousfootproblem.

C.Heneedsanoperation.

D.Hehascancer.

问题3选项

A.Abloodtransfusion.

B.Anallergytest.

C.Aurinetest..

D.Abiopsy.

问题4选项

A.Toseeifhehascancer.

B.Toseeifhehasdepression.

C.Toseeifherequiressurgery.

D.Toseeifhehasfoodallergyproblem.

问题5选项

A.Relieved.

B.Anxious.

C.Angry.

D.Depressed.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】W:Hi,Patrick,howareyoufeelingtoday?

M:Abitbetter.

W:That’sgoodtohear.Areyoustillfeelingnausea?

M:No.(16)Ihaven’tfeltsicktomystomachsinceyouswitchedmymedication.

W.Great,say,yourtestresultcamethismorning

M:It’sabouttime.Isitgoodnewsorbad?

W:Iguessit'sabitofboth.Whichdoyouwantfirst?

M:Let’sgetthebadnewsoverwith.

W:OK.(17)Itlookslikeyouaregoingtoneedsurgerytoremoveyourtumorfromyourleg.Aftertheoperationyou’regoingtohavetostayoffyourfeetforatlea